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In the late Qing Dynasty, Zeng Guofan believed, "Ancient and modern books are vast, but there are only dozens of books of Bengen." ”
When Mr. Chen Yinke was about seventy years old, he once sighed: "Although there are many Chinese books, there are basically dozens of them. ”
So, which books are required to read in China? What best represents the spirit of Chinese culture? Since modern times, many scholars have discussed this.
In 1923, a group of students from Tsinghua School were about to go abroad. In order to gain common knowledge of Sinology in a short period of time, they asked Liang Qichao to draw up a bibliography on Sinology.
Liang Qichao used three days of effort to list about 160 kinds of books in the "Essential Bibliography of The Introductory Books of Guoxue and Their Reading Methods", and later streamlined the bibliography to list the "Minimum Required Reading List" (28 kinds).
Today, Xiaobian shares these 28 kinds of books for relatives and reads with you in spring.
Liang Qichao listed 28 kinds of "Minimum Required Reading List"
1. The Analects
2. "University"
3. "The Mean"
4. Mencius
5. The Book of Shang
6. The Book of Rites
7. "Lao Tzu"
8. The I Ching
9. The Book of Verses
10. "Zhuangzi"
11. "Han Feizi"
12. The Chronicle of History
13. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty
14. "Xunzi"
15. Warring States Policy
16. "The Left Biography"
17. "Mozi"
18. The Book of Han
19. Romance of the Three Kingdoms
20. Zizhi Tongjian
21. "The End of the Chronicle of the History of the Song Dynasty, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties"
22. "Chu Ci"
23. The Complete Works of Li Taibai
24. "Han Changli Collection"
25. "Baixiangshan Collection"
26. Anthology
27. "Du Gongbu Collection"
28. "Liuhe East Collection"
1. The Analects "A book that Chinese a must-read for all." Not only Chinese, but in the future, this book should become a must-read book for all human beings in the world. ”
Half of the Analects rule the world. - Zhao Pu, politician of the Northern Song Dynasty
See the sages and think together, see the unwise and introspect within also. - "Analects of Li Ren"
Recommended Reading:
(1) "Persuasion to Read analects and Analects Reading Method" (Qian Mu)
(2) "Primary Reader of the Analects" (Edited by Qian Xun et al., Organized by the International Confucian Federation)
(3) "One Hundred Sentences of Children's Analects (Pinyin Illustrated Edition)" (Qian Xun et al., International Federation of Confucianism, group editor)
(4) "Analects (Chinese and Japanese Comparison)" Liu Derun Liu Shushu Edited Notes
(5) Commentary on the Analects
(6) "New Knowledge of Analects" (by Professor Liu Qiang, Tongji University)
2. "University" "The Door to Beginners entering morality".
The way of the university is in Mingmingde, in the people, in the ultimate good. Knowing and then being still; being still and then being able to be still; being quiet and then being able to be at peace; being able to be at peace and then being able to worry; being able to be able to be able to be able to get after worrying. - "University"
The Analects of the University of Zhongyong gives full play to the Confucian doctrine, expounds on the philosophical categories of Tao, Reason, Heart, Sincerity, Benevolence, Righteousness, Etiquette, and Wisdom, and expounds them, proposing a philosophical system with reason as the category. As the basis of legitimacy of traditional Chinese politics, Confucianism played an important role in the construction of a culture of honest government in ancient China and had a far-reaching impact.
3. "The Middle Way" an important work of "Confucius Teaching the Mind Method".
"The book of the Mean, the scholar of the most." Those who are good at reading "The Mean" only get this book, and they can't use it for life. ——Northern Song Dynasty Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi", "Two Cheng Collection"
Eager to learn is almost knowing, practicing is almost benevolent, and knowing shame is almost courageous. - "The Mean"
4. Mencius is known as "the masterpiece of Confucianism and the peak of traditional prose writing".
Mencius, a great thinker and educator of the Warring States period, was a representative of the Confucian school. He inherited and developed the ideas of Confucius, with whom he was called "Confucius Andi". Later generations posthumously named Mencius "Ya Shenggong" and honored him as "Ya Sheng".
This book records Mencius's governing ideology, political views (benevolent government, the discernment of kings and hegemons, the people's ben, the people are the kings of the noble society, and so on) and political actions, and is written around the middle of the Warring States period, and is a Classic Confucian work. The starting point of his doctrine is the theory of sexual goodness, which advocates the rule of virtue.
Special recommendations:
Notes on the Four Books and Chapters and Sentences is one of Zhu Xi's most representative works.
Zhu Xi's theoretical thought had a great influence on the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, becoming the official philosophy of the three dynasties, and another person in the history of Chinese education after Confucius.
5. Notes on the Translation of The Book of Shang (Jingbian Edition) The first classical collection and earliest historical documents in China.
To swim in pleasure, to be lascivious to pleasure.
Don't listen to nonsense, and don't let the conspiracy of the Buddha inquire. - "Shang Shu Da Yu Mo"
The Book of Shang is the oldest collection of imperial essays in China, the first compilation of ancient historical documents and some works recounting ancient deeds in China, marking the progress of the chronicle of historical officials.
6. Notes on the Translation of the Book of Rites (Condensed Edition) An anthology of an important canonical system in ancient China.
The Book of Rites is a large series of books for Confucians. The greatest value of the Book of Rites is that it can provide extremely rich materials for the study of the history of Confucians in the Warring States, Qin, and Han Dynasties, especially the Xunzi school of academic thought. ———— Liang Qichao
Men and women who eat and drink, the great desire of man to survive; the death of poverty, the great evil of man.
In the upper position, not below; in the lower position, not to help the upper. If you are right for yourself and do not seek from others, you have no complaints. - "Etiquette, The Middle Way"
7. Commentary on the Tao Te Ching One of the greatest masterpieces in Chinese history, known as the "King of Ten Thousand Classics"; in addition to the Bible, it has been translated into the most published cultural masterpieces in foreign languages.
The heavens and the earth are not kind, and all things are dogs; the saints are not kind, and the people are dogs. The good is like water, and the water is good for all things without dispute. - The Tao Te Ching
The Tao Te Ching, the culmination of Lao Tzu's thought, is like an inexhaustible well spring, full of treasures, put down the bucket, and get it at your fingertips. ——— Nietzsche
8. Zhou Yi, The Source of Classical Chinese Philosophy.
"Yi is the head of the Qunjing and the source of the Great Avenue", and it is also listed as the crown of the "Three Xuans" for the new Taoists, which epitomizes the philosophical character of the Chinese nation's thinking mode and value orientation.
Recommended Reading:
(1) "Zhou Yijin Notes and Translations"
(2) Zhou Yi (Classics of Traditional Chinese Studies, translated by Feng Guochao)
(3) "Zhu Xi Yixue Research"
(4) Yi Chuan and Taoist Thought (Revised Edition)
(5) "Zhou Yi Sees the Dragon" (by Xie Xiangrong)
9. "Book of Poetry" The earliest collection of poetry in the mainland returns to the "world of poetry" and reshapes the national spirit.
Three hundred poems, in a word, innocent thoughts. If you don't learn poetry, you can't say anything. - Confucius
"The extant pre-Qin ancient books are a mixture of true and false, and almost none of them are without problems; their true gold and jade, the characters are credible, and the first of the Book of Poetry is also." ——Liang Qichao
The Book of Poetry was edited according to three categories: "Wind", "Ya", and "Ode". "Wind" is a song from all over the Zhou Dynasty, and it is the chapter with the most ideological significance and artistic value in the three hundred. "Ya" is what Zhou Ren called positive vocal music, which is divided into "Xiao Ya" and "Daya". "Ode" is the music of the imperial court and the noble temple sacrifice, and is divided into "Zhou Song", "Lu Song" and "Shang Song".
10. Zhuangzi Is one of the most important classics of Taoism and one of the Chinese Yuan Classics, and plays a pivotal role in the history of Chinese thought and culture.
Zhuangzi is also known as the South China Classic, and its books, together with Lao Tzu and Zhou Yi, are called "Three Xuan".
Its text is Wang Yang's opening, the manners are all square, and the works of the late Zhou Dynasty sons can not be first. ——Lu Xun commenting on Zhuangzi's article
The friendship of gentlemen is as light as water, and the friendship of villains is as sweet as liquor; the gentleman is indifferent to kissing, and the villain is willing to die. - "Zhuangzi"
11. "Han Feizi" an excellent representative of the art of pre-Qin reasoning and prose debate.
Han Feizi is known as one of the two people who have the most essence of Lao Tzu's thought.
"Han Feizi" has important value and status in Chinese thought, literature and historiography, and its books have been widely circulated in later generations, which has had a great impact on ancient Chinese society and even the entire Chinese cultural circle.
12. "History" The first general history of the Chronicle of Chinese history, it is listed as the first of the "Twenty-Four Histories".
Sima Qian, a famous historian of the Western Han Dynasty, wrote a chronicle of more than 3,000 years, which recorded a history of more than 3,000 years from the time of the Yellow Emperor in ancient legends to the four years of the first four years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Together with the later "Book of Han", "Book of Later Han", and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", it is called "The First Four Histories".
13. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty
It mainly records the first year of The Han Guangwu Emperor Jianwu (25 AD) from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the 25th year of the Han Xian Emperor Jian'an (220 AD), a total of 196 years of history.
14. "Xunzi" The most important work of the Confucian school in the late Warring States period.
Xun Zi was another Confucian master after Kong Meng during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, proficient in poetry, rites, yi, and spring and autumn, and Li Si, Han Fei, and Fu Qiubo were all trained as disciples.
Recommended Reading:
(1) Xunzi (Zhuzi Modern Edition Series)
(2) Xunzi Translation Notes (Condensed Edition)
15. Commentary on warring states policies (condensed version) An important classic that comprehensively presents the history of the Warring States and also marks a new period in the development of ancient Chinese prose.
A soldier dies for a confidant, and a woman is for herself.
Those who attack and rule with chaos will perish, those who attack the righteous with evil will perish, and those who attack against the good will perish. ——" Warring States Policy Qin First"
16. Notes on the Translation of Zuo Chuan (Condensed Edition) The first narrative-detailed chronicle work in China, representing the highest achievement of pre-Qin historiography.
The defeat of the state is also caused by the evil of the officials; the loss of morality of the officials is also favored by the chapters. - "Zuo Chuan Huan Gong 2nd Year"
And although the text is very ancient, it does not have the disease of bending the teeth, and it is quite easy to recite. Therefore, the purpose of studying literature is to study literature, and the "Left Biography" should also be included in the intensive reading. ——Liang Qichao
17. "Mozi Present Notes and Present Translation" Comprehensively understand the essence of the Mojia classics.
Lu Xun said that Mozi was "the backbone of China", a legendary great hero.
Mozi is a collection of Mojia's writings from the 5th to the 3rd century BC. The Mo family is an important family of the hundred families of the pre-Qin Dynasty, which was once prosperous with Confucianism, the same as Xianxue, and was once extinct, and was valued in modern times.
18. Commentary on the Translation of the Book of Han (Jingbian Edition) The first chronicle of Chinese dynasties.
Knowing the first does not see the second, seeing the outside does not know the inside. - "The Book of Han, The Biography of Yang Xiong"
This book records the history of the 230 years between Liu Bang of the Western Han Dynasty and the reign of Wang Mang of the New Dynasty, and the Book of Han is not unusual in terms of memories, does not deliberately over-suppress or exalt people or things, and has a large number of materials but is not obscene and complicated, detailed and has rules and regulations, making people read with interest but not bored.
19. Translation of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms (condensed version) A chronicle of the confrontation between the Three Kingdoms and the source of the creation of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Soldiers, devious ways, military has not been issued, not tired of its secrets. —— Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, Biography of Liu Ye
Only Chen Shou's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the literary quality is discerning, Xun (Xun), Zhang (Hua) than Zhi (Sima Qian), (Ban) Gu, not vain reputation also. ——Liu Xun, "Wenxin Carved Dragon Historical Biography"
o The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, written by the Historian Chen Shou of the Western Jin Dynasty, records the history of the Three Kingdoms period in China, and is also one of the highest-rated "first four histories" in the Twenty-Four Histories.
o At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Luo Guanzhong synthesized folklore, operas and scripts, combined with the historical materials of Chen Shou's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and Pei Song's notes, and created the "Popular Interpretation of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms" based on his personal understanding of social life.
20. "Zizhi Tongjian" Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian" and Sima Qian's "History" are listed together as immortal masterpieces of Chinese historiography, the so-called "two Simas of historiography".
"Zizhi Tongjian" is a famous chronicle in ancient China, recording more than 1300 years of history from the Warring States to the Five Dynasties, has always been respected by historians, in the collection of historical materials, the examination of facts, the arrangement of the chronology and text cut and polishing and other aspects represent the peak achievements of ancient chronicles, is the basic classics of ancient history research.
21. The End of the Chronicle of the History of the Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty
22. "Chu Ci" Chu Ci is a new poetic style created by Qu Yuan, and it is also the first collection of Romantic poetry in the history of Chinese literature.
The Chu Ci has an unusual significance for the entire Chinese cultural system, especially in terms of literature, and it pioneered the poetry of Chinese romantic literature, which later generations called this style "Chu Ci Style" and Riot Style.
23. The Complete Works of Li Taibai Li Bai was a great romantic poet of the Tang Dynasty, who was hailed by posterity as a "poetic immortal".
"The pen falls in a storm, and the poem becomes a weeping ghost god." --Du Fu
"Selected Poems of Li Bai" is one of the series of "Ancient Poetry Dictionary Collections", which selects 1560 of Li Bai's fine poems, comments on them, and evaluates them. In terms of selection and appreciation, we strive to present the artistic charm of Li Bai's poetry that is naturally halal and ethereal, thus prompting the unique poetic spirit of Li Bai's poetry.
24. "Han Changli Collection" Advocate of the Tang Dynasty Ancient Literature Movement, "The Decline of the Eight Dynasties of Wenqi", the first of the Eight Greats of the Tang and Song Dynasties.
The advocate of the Tang Dynasty Guwen Movement, together with Liu Zongyuan, was called "Han Liu", with the names of "Article Giant Gong" and "Hundred Dynasties Wenzong".
Han Yu (768–824), courtesy name Huizhi, was a Han Chinese from Heyang (present-day MengXian County, Henan). He called himself Wangchangli (望昌黎) and was known as Han Changli (汉昌黎).
25. "Baixiangshan Collection" The great realist poet of the Tang Dynasty, one of the three major poets of the Tang Dynasty.
Bai Juyi and Yuan Shu jointly advocated the Xinlefu Movement, known as "Yuan Bai" and "Liu Bai" with Liu Yuxi.
Bai Juyi lived in Luoyang Xiangshan for a long time in his later years, known as "Xiangshan Resident", and his poems were included in the "Baixiangshan Collection".
26. Anthology of Ancient Poems in China.
The Anthology of Literature, also known as the Selected Writings of Zhaoming, was jointly compiled by xiao Tong, the eldest son of Emperor Wu of Liang in the Southern Dynasty. After Xiao Tong's death, he was posthumously known as "Zhaoming", so the anthology he edited was called "Selected Writings of Zhaoming".
The original 30 volumes of the Anthology of Literature are now divided into 60 volumes, including fu, poems, sao, seven, edicts, volumes, orders, teachings, texts, tables, books, initiations, bullets, notes, notes, books, questions, arguments, words, prefaces, praises, praises, runes, historical theories, historical commentaries, treatises, lianzhu, proverbs, inscriptions, recitations, lamentations, inscriptions, deeds, hanging texts, sacrifice texts and other categories.
27. "Du Gongbu Collection" "Poetry Saint" Du Fu is on a par with Li Bai and is known as "Li Du", and his poems mark the highest peak of chinese classical poetic realism.
The greatest realist poet in ancient mainland China, Du Fu's poetry collection, Du Fu was once a member of the inspection and proofreading department, hence the name. There are more than 1400 poems and more than 30 texts. It also occupies an important place in the history of world literature.
28. "Liuhe Dongji" One of the eight great masters of the Tang and Song dynasties, Tang Dynasty writers, philosophers, essayists and thinkers, known as "Liu Hedong" and "Mr. Hedong".
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