When liang Sicheng is mentioned, the keywords that people think of are usually "goddess battle", "Republic of China love triangle", "envy dusk love".
Liang Sicheng, the father of modern and contemporary Chinese architecture, a famous Chinese architectural historian and architectural educator, was forced to be the "gossip male protagonist of the Republic of China's literary and youth circles" for a century, and sometimes even a "male second" because his daughter-in-law was too beautiful and talented.
Today is his birthday, and it should be commemorated. I will not eat melon today, but only talk about his "prophecy".
Liang Sicheng made many "predictions" before his death, saying that after twenty years of (liberation), the population of Beijing may increase to more than four million people and must be managed by division.
He said that sooner or later you will see that there will be great problems in Beijing's transportation, industrial pollution, population, and so on.
When beijing was planned in 1949, his proposal to "preserve the ancient city walls and ancient buildings" was overturned, and he told the mayor at that time: On these issues, I am advanced, you are backward... Fifty years from now, history will prove you wrong, and I am right.
Twenty years later, Beijing's population has surely exceeded four million.
More than half a century later, Beijing has indeed experienced traffic congestion, dense population, and air pollution.
Nowadays, people are indeed beginning to miss and yearn for the ancient city walls and cherish the ancient buildings.
Liang Sicheng's prophecies were fulfilled one by one, and the Jianghu people gave them the nickname "Prophecy Emperor".
The ancients had a lesson, and it was rare to be sloppy. Foresight is rare wisdom, but it does not necessarily bring happiness.
Looking back at Liang Sicheng's life, in order to have the ability to "prophecy", he has experienced too many hardships, and the 71-year life of a generation of masters has made future generations infinitely admirable and infinitely lamented.
Golden Childhood
The childhood of a keen artist usually goes to two extremes: either free and happy, with enough opportunities to become studious, sharp, and soft, or poor and miserable, cold eyes to see the world through.
Fortunately, Liang Sicheng's childhood was happy.
Liang Sicheng was born in Japan, the eldest son in the family, and was highly expected by the whole family, attending a Japanese elementary school from an early age, and his mother checked his homework. Mothers are strict, and once they find that their children are slack in learning, they must "ask for family law".
But Liang Sicheng still grew up mischievously, going to the sea every day to catch fish and catching birds from trees. Seeing that Kang Youwei came to the house as a guest and quarreled with Liang Qichao, he took a group of children into the sea, took advantage of the old man's swimming, and took turns to pull the old man's beard.
Liang Qichao is enlightened, indulges children's games and all legitimate interests, and always plays with children when he is not busy, watching mountains, cooking, and telling stories. After dinner in the evening, he personally lectured the children on ancient Chinese.
The Genes of the Liang family are good, Liang Qichao was a famous "prodigy" in ten miles and eight townships, and Liang Sicheng's learning is also a point of understanding. When he returned to China with his parents at the age of 12, Liang Sicheng's morality, intellect, body and beauty work developed in an all-round way.
Rainbow Youth
In 1915, Liang Sicheng was admitted to Peking Tsinghua School (the predecessor of Tsinghua University). Like all all all-powerful geniuses, he became a prominent figure on campus.
He did not study hard, and his education was through the East and the West; after class, he was a high jumper, and also participated in long jump and football matches.
He played the piano, played the violin, played the piccolo, became the head of the campus orchestra, and entered the choir. He is good at painting watercolors, taught himself pen drawing, and his painting skills are amazing. For a long time, Liang Qichao had expected his son to become a painter and become the "Li Du" of the calligraphy and painting industry.
The most valuable thing is that the Liang family encourages "cold education", encourages children to be diligent and thrifty, bear hardships and stand hard work, and Liang Sicheng does not have a trace of clumsiness on his body.
At the age of 18, he grew up. Strangers are like jade, the prince is unparalleled in the world, except for the tall, other conditions are perfect.
At this time, he met Lin Huiyin. A 15-year-old girl with a good face and a generous conversation. Arranged by his father to meet him. The two talked for a while, and Lin Huiyin got up to say goodbye, flipped his skirt briskly, and flew away.
Liang Sicheng later said that Lin Hui's fluttering when he threw off his skirt "particularly touched my heart."
The great talent fell into love with one foot. He heard that Lin Huiyin planned to study architecture abroad and was curious about this major. Lin Huiyin told him that it was a discipline that combined art and engineering technology.
Liang Sicheng deeply felt that this discipline was suitable for him and decided to study the same major. The career direction of a generation of masters is influenced by a few words of first love.
Although later, Lin Huiyin and Xu Zhimo passed on the scandal, but had to admit that Liang Sicheng was her most worthy person. They fell in love and studied architecture together, and there was always an endless common topic.
On campus, students know that Lin and Liang are "golden partners". Every time the teacher left the design homework, Lin Huiyin was responsible for the whimsical idea, drawing the drawings in a mess, Liang Sicheng sorted out the drawings, drew the best version of the design drawings, and ensured that the homework was handed over on time.
Lin Huiyin is an eagle destined to soar in the sky. The road ahead is far away, and she must be with her fellow citizens to fly faster and higher.
Liang Sicheng is another eagle.
Show your fists
Few people know that Liang Sicheng is an educational genius and has the ability to start a business.
In 1928, Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin held a wedding in Canada, and after returning to China, they went to teach at Northeastern University in Shenyang, and founded the first department of architecture in the history of modern education in China.
Liang Sicheng is the student's favorite teacher, and his students will always remember liang Sicheng's way of giving him a lesson:
"Although he is not very big, his eyes are bright and bright, and he has a great love and confidence in the architecture profession."
"The gentleman's first words were like, 'What is architecture?' It is the history of human culture, the recorder of human culture, and it reflects the pace and spirit of the times. ’“
At Northeastern University, Liang Sicheng taught three professional courses, and Lin Huiyin taught two, and they spared no effort to cultivate the first batch of Chinese construction talents, who later contributed a lot to New China.
In the midst of his busy schedule, Liang Sicheng wrote China's first history of sculpture, the History of Chinese Sculpture. In just 30,000 words, he personally painted 200-degree illustrations, paving the way for future generations to study Chinese sculpture.
Liang Sicheng manuscript
His abilities alarmed a non-governmental sinology organization, the China Construction Society. There are the top Chinese scholars in the Field of Chinese Studies, who are very interested in Liang Sicheng's research direction.
In 1931, Liang and Lin joined the China Construction Society and began the peak of their lives.
Beginning in the autumn of 1931, Liang and Lin, together with several colleagues of the society, embarked on the road of surveying and mapping ancient Chinese architecture. According to the surveying and mapping results of the first station, Liang Sicheng wrote "Jixian Dule Temple Guanyin Pavilion Mountain Gate Examination", which was published in the "China Construction Society Journal".
Liang Sicheng manuscript
This article caused a shock in the industry. Until then, foreign scholars, especially In Japan, had assumed that Chinese did not understand surveying and mapping.
After reading the "Jixian Dule Temple Guanyin Pavilion Mountain Gate Examination", the Japanese no longer dare to mention the phrase "we will do the surveying and mapping of ancient Chinese architecture" on our behalf.
After that, the mapping team successively crossed several provinces in China, and in seven years, they traveled to hundreds of cities and counties.
They mapped more than 200 groups of ancient buildings, drew 1,898 maps, and ate all the hardships that a "tramp" could eat: sleeping in the countryside, not enough to eat, and being tormented by all kinds of wild insects, animals and plants. Every day they can wash their feet, they have to soak a thick layer of lice or bed bugs in the water.
But their hearts have no waves, compared to the previous entry into the ancient building, waking up thousands of bats frightened, bed bugs like angels clean and cute.
In the chaotic world, the jackals are everywhere, they are worried about being robbed by the "beard" every day; Liang Sicheng has an old spinal injury, and every day he wears an iron frame to wade through the mountains and waters, and his tonsils are also inflamed, but he can't find even a single piece of medicine.
In 1937, in Wutai Mountain, Shanxi, they found China's first Tang Dynasty building, breaking the japanese academic assertion that "there are no ancient buildings before the Tang Dynasty in China", which once again caused a shock in the industry, but before they could be happy, this ascetic scientific research journey was forced to end.
Kiss me with pain
Sadly, Liang Sicheng's life, when studying, falling in love, and entertaining, life has been relaxed and happy, and when he really began to eat and drink for the industry, the country and the people, life began to rub against him in every way. The greater his achievements, the more miserable his life became.
First of all, after the "Lugou Bridge Incident" in 1937, Northeastern University was closed, and they lost the opportunity to teach, so they had to drag their families and go into exile in Changsha and Yunnan.
Immediately afterward, Lin Hui's lung disease deteriorated sharply and he was bedridden. Liang Sicheng's younger brother is also ill, and in addition to working in the construction society every day, he also has to serve two patients, mend socks and shoe soles for the children, learn to steam steamed steamed buns, stir-fry vegetables, make jam with orange peels, and improve the food for patients.
And the money is getting less and less spent, the children's clothes are torn to be difficult to sew, the food can only be barely subsistence, Lin Hui is skinny, Liang Sicheng is white-haired and early, hunched over. The days that used to be carefree were like a dream, waking up with nothing.
Lin Hui was ill for three years, and by the winter of 1940, it had deteriorated to the point of being unsustainable. The news reached the ears of friends, and many friends in the United States wrote letters to Liang Sicheng, inviting them to go to the United States for medical treatment. However, both Liang and Lin politely refused.
They wrote to a friend: "My motherland is destroying China, and I cannot leave her; if I have to die under bayonets and bombs, I will die on the soil of my motherland." ”
God bless the Liang family, Lin Huiyin survived the most difficult days in the end. Liang Sicheng began to write the "History of Chinese Architecture" that was handed down to posterity in a state of anxiety, delved into the "Construction of the French Style", and in the war-torn years, such a precious manuscript was not paid attention to, even he himself wrote in the "Preface" that the current study of architectural history is against the times.
Liang Sicheng manuscript
But he still struggled to do so. He firmly believed: "Chinese must study their own architecture, Chinese must write their own architectural history."
Day by day, I finally survived until I returned to Beijing in 1947 to teach at Tsinghua University.
It was a short good time, and they moved into a spacious house and enjoyed the treatment of professors. Liang Sicheng has become famous and attracted much attention.
Liang Sicheng manuscript
One night in late December 1948, two officers approached the door, pulled out a military map, and asked Mr. and Mrs. Liang to mark the location of ancient buildings in Beijing to avoid damage from the war.
Liang Qichao and Lin Huiyin were very moved, before they were afraid of the damage to ancient buildings in the war, they could not sleep at night, and now the People's Liberation Army actually took the initiative to ask them to help protect, what a team with a humanistic and caring spirit!
However, the establishment of the new world will ultimately come at the cost of the brokenness of the old world. In 1949, after the founding of New China, Liang Sicheng successively faced several important tasks: designing the national flag and national emblem, and planning the urban area of Beijing.
With the efforts of all parties, the drawings of the national flag and national emblem of new China were successfully finalized, but the planning of Beijing urban areas has become a major problem.
Liang Sicheng believes that the beauty of Beijing lies in the support of ancient buildings and ancient city walls, and the ancient city cannot be damaged, otherwise future generations will regret it.
He and Chen Zhanxiang jointly made an urban planning - "Liang Chen Plan", preserving most of the ancient buildings, adding gates to the ancient city wall, adding stairs, designing it as the world's largest "hanging garden", increasing the green area of Beijing, guiding the traffic flow of main roads, and avoiding overcrowding in the urban area.
He wrote to Premier Zhou to this end, pouring out his love for Beijing with all his heart and lungs.
He and the mayor at that time hardened countless times, breaking and kneading to explain the necessity of the ancient city wall for urban planning and the precious value of ancient architecture.
Lin Huiyin, with his exhausted lungs, shouted to the person in charge with all his might: "What you have demolished is an 800-year-old real antique.... One day, you regret it, and if you want to build it again, you can only build a fake antique! “
But it all failed.
In 1953, Zuo'anmen was destroyed;
In 1954, the twin towers of Qingshou Temple were destroyed;
In 1956, the Zhonghua Gate was destroyed;
In 1957, Yongding Gate, Guangqu Gate, Guang'an Gate, Chaoyang Gate were destroyed...
He was criticized for fighting inconspicuously, and his life was hanging in the balance.
Huiyin is also gone.
In the last years of his life, he did not write any more innovative academic works. He lived his life in silence. He was sent to the Summer Palace to recuperate and met a group of students. The students liked him and asked for his name, and he said, "My name is Little Old Man, and no one plays with me."
On the evening of January 10, 2019, the Beijing Municipal People's Government of the People's Republic of China, located at No. 2 Zhengyi Road, Beijing, was officially delisted, and the administrative office area of Beijing City Sub-Center was about to be officially opened.
In the future, the administrative office area of the city sub-center will assume its responsibility in Tongzhou District, planning and building parking facilities, cultural facilities, sports facilities, conference centers, libraries, museums, cultural activity squares...
In the future, Beijing City "one core, one main and one pair, two axes and more points and one district", I believe that Beijing will become a more prosperous, better and more inclusive city, which will be admired by the world.
I hope that Liang Gongquan has knowledge and can be slightly relieved.