Early morning reading 丨 Qiu Ying: a meticulous master

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Qiu Ying was one of the representative painters of the Ming Dynasty, and together with Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming and Tang Yin, he was known as the "Four Houses of Ming", "Four Houses of Wumen", and "Four Masters of Tianmen".

As an "alternative" in the "Four Houses of Wumen", Qiu Ying is famous for being a "Gongbi figure" who is respected by the literati; he has almost no calligraphy works left, no poetry and songs, and no gossip for people to talk about. This humble, self-taught lacquer worker has become a generation of people in the history of art by relying on his own talent.

Portrait of Qiu Ying, painted by Li Yueyun of the Qing Dynasty

Born as a craftsman, he worked as a painter in his early years, and also painted Dongyu for people, and later became a painter. When he was young, he became acquainted with many contemporary masters with good paintings, which were valued by Wen Zhengming and Tang Yin, and Qiu Ying's friend Peng Nian recorded: "Ten Continents rarely saw and appreciated Heng Weng (Wen Zhengming)", and also studied painting under Zhou Chenmen, and had seen a large number of ancient masterpieces in the famous connoisseurs Xiang Yuanbian and Zhou Guanjia, and copied and created a large number of fine works. His creative attitude is very serious and meticulous, and each painting is rigorous and meticulous.

"Xianshan Pavilion Map" 33cm×86cm

The Ming Dynasty Jiang Shaoshu's "History of Silent Poetry" states: "Ying zhi paintings are elegant and delicate, Hao Su's work, and Yu Yu Ye Yu", the character paintings "Fa Cui Miao Jin, Si Dan Miao Su, Jing Li Yan Yi, Wu Shu Ancients", and the female paintings "are vivid and vivid, although they have revived, they have not been able to pass through." This is to say that if even Zhou Fang, who painted the "Picture of the Lady of the Hairpin Flower", may not have been able to paint Qiu Ying again, this is undoubtedly a great praise for Qiu Ying.

Qiu Ying, "Taoyuan Wonderland Map" (partial)

Qiu Ying is best known for his "green and green" technique, which he also uses in long-scroll character scenes, and his color scheme is always very good-looking, which is due to his early lacquer background. In fact, in our view today, the beauty of these traditional utensils is very charming, and the elegance of the fine work has become a masterpiece, so the person who can make good lacquerware, of course, his paintings will not be bad, coupled with the diligence and understanding of Qiu Ying, it proves that even genius is indeed a truth shaped by 99% sweat.

Qiu Ying "Taoyuan Wonderland Map" Silk color 175×66.7cm Tianjin Museum collection

The reason why Qiu Ying had to make so much effort was to join the high-class literati society at that time. But even so, his status today may still be inferior to the other three wumen four families, mainly because his calligraphy is a hard wound, so we still call Qiu Ying more painters, rather than "literati" in the traditional sense.

For example, among the collections acquired by the famous collector Xiang Yuanbi, the crown of the calligraphy collection is Wang Xizhi's "Zhan Ying Ti Scroll", worth 2,000 gold; among the painting collections, Qiu Ying's "Spring Dawn Map of the Han Palace" is the highest, but only 200 gold. It can be seen that in the hearts of ancient literati doctors, the status of calligraphy was much higher than that of painting. However, this also confirms Xiang Yuanbian's appreciation of Qiu Ying from another angle.

Qiu Ying, "Spring Dawn of the Han Palace" (partial)

Whenever we mention a classic motif of ancient Chinese paintings and calligraphy, and then count which famous artists have painted it, we will definitely mention Qiu Ying's name (if Qiu Ying has painted this motif). When creating these classic schemas, Qiu Ying often left a distinct personal style.

In the sub-discipline of figure painting in the history of ancient Chinese art, from the beginning, figure painting carried the mission of "becoming indoctrinated and helping people", so the theme of historical stories occupies one of the most important positions. Qiu Ying is no exception. In this regard, he copied more of his collection under the sponsorship of Xiang Yuanbian. The other is Qiu Ying's interpretation of some historical stories and legends according to his own understanding, taking the Southern Song Dynasty as the benchmark in style and technique, mostly taking a scene of sketches, and the picture is interesting. The last one is the character scene map, which is represented by the "Han Palace Spring Dawn Map".

When figure painting developed here in the Ming Dynasty, it began to "retreat" to the mountains and forests, so the theme of "literati and elegant collections" began to appear. Qiu Ying is naturally also familiar with this subject, and he also pins his yearning for this way of traveling with the upper class. The truly admirable masterpiece of Qiu Ying's great success is the "Sword Pavilion Map" in the Shanghai Museum, a long scroll with a length of 295.4 centimeters and a width of 101.9 centimeters, which is Qiu Ying's self-created motif, which is inspired by Li Bai's "Shu Dao Difficulty".

Qiu Ying 《Sword Pavilion Diagram》Silk color 295.4×101.9cm Collection of Shanghai Museum

Through this exquisitely carved scroll that fully embodies the fine craftsmanship and the majestic and beautiful wind of the green landscape, Qiu Ying explains what is a Chinese painting that has both "artistic conception" and "spirit of spirit". The whole painting is majestic and majestic, and the walkers pass through the rugged path to convey a breath of courage to move forward without fear of difficulties, so this work can be said to reveal a rare masterpiece of romantic feelings in ancient Chinese calligraphy and painting, rather than blindly "imitating the ancient" or pursuing the ancient meaning of simplicity and neglect.

Also with romantic feelings is the "Qingming River Map". Whether it is the prosperity of Kaifeng Province in the Northern Song Dynasty or the bustle of Wumengu Sucheng in the Ming Dynasty, the audience is invited to watch the life of the commoners in history with the eyes of the commoners: Luo Jinpi Shop, Ugly Woman Medicine Shop, Gold Painting Lacquerware, Framed Painting Shop, Liquor Store Qinglou... The life that once lived on the ruler is still alive, and this charming charm through the dust of thousands of years of history is still vividly displayed in front of today's people, how can it not be heartwarming? And Qiu Ying, as an excellent professional painter, is also well versed in the psychology of the popular themes, so his subject matter is always flattering. He copied the ancient and did not stick to the "ancient", and Qiu Ben's "Qingming River Map" is an example.

Qiu Ying, "Map of the Upper River of the Qingming Dynasty" (partial)

Although it is the original work of Zhang Zeduan, but the times have obviously changed a long time ago, at that time, the prosperity of Gusu City far exceeded that of The Liang of that year, suzhou at that time was the premier wealth and wealth of the Ming Dynasty, so Qiu Ying drew a more prosperous and meticulous "Qingming Upper River Map"; in addition, when qiu Ying lived in Kunshan Zhou Fenglai's home when creating this volume, there were a large number of documents and ancient paintings, which were already a very mature stage in his life in terms of artistic literacy. Moreover, Because of his birth, Qiu Ying knows the life of the working people at the lower levels very well, so in his depiction, these people who shuttle through the streets of the city are very vivid, and they are presented on the picture as the main force of the prosperous Gusu.

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