The physiological laws of old blindness are hard to resist. Du Fu said that "old flowers look like fog", which is true of today's people and the ancients. The flower eye generally begins at the age of forty or fifty, and the older the more powerful it is.
Interestingly, Wen Zhengming's writing of Xiao Kai does not seem to be much affected by the flower eye. At the age of seventy-four, he inscribed after the "Qin Fu" (about 1.5 centimeters in size): "Old Yu's eyes are dim, and there is no foot observer." But in fact, the state of "old eyes and foggy eyes" is written like this superbly:
The eighty-eight-year-old "Long Live the Heavenly Post" is still precise in structure, the pen strength is not weakened, and there is no complaint about "old eyes and foggy":
It is inconceivable that an old man who is nearly ninety years old can write such a small letter, is it not true that when he is ninety years old, his eyes are not old? When we were ninety years old, I guess we were shaking our hands when we grabbed the pen... Did there be reading glasses during the Ming Dynasty? Baidu took a look, and it really is:
This should be the shape of the world's first pair of glasses
Ask Baidu if you don't understand
In fact, in the Wumen circle of the Ming Dynasty, there have been artifacts to deal with presbyopia, which is called "叆叇" (pronounced ài dài), that is, glasses. (叆叇, originally refers to the appearance of smoke clouds and thick clouds covering the sun, and the three clouds in the Lotus Sutra of the Myofa Lotus Sutra: "The sun is covered, the ground is cool, and the cloth is draped", which is the meaning.) ）
It is generally believed that glasses are foreign products, and the reason why the ancients named glasses 叆叇 is the transliteration of alanwainat in Arabic for glasses.
Flint
Chinese the history of the use of glasses, perhaps dating back to the Song Dynasty.
Northern Song Dynasty Liu Zhao's "Diary of a Time" Yun: "Shi Xun broke the prison, took more than a dozen kinds of water essences to enter, and at first it was not clear, even if he knew the case and was dark, he saw it with water essence." (Books such as Zhao Yi's "Examination of the Yu Cong" of the Qing Dynasty have quoted this record))
Qing Dynasty Lu Fengzao's "Little Zhilu" volume Jiuyun: "叆叇, glasses also." Dong Tianqing recorded: 叆; 叇, the old man does not distinguish between the detailed books, so as to hide his eyes is clear. (The Records of the Cave Heavens is written by Zhao Xihu of the Southern Song Dynasty, and in the extant version, this article has been removed)
But there is no doubt that ming people use glasses.
Ming Zhangning's "Miscellaneous Sayings of Fang Zhou" Yun: "Xiang was in Beijing,..., saw his father Zong Bogong's gifts from the Xuanmiao Temple, such as Qian Da Er, whose shape is absolutely similar to mica stone, the glass of the world, and the quality is very thin, with the outline of the metallographic as the handle, the end of the button, the combination is one, the difference is two, such as the city is medium, the old man is dizzy, he does not distinguish the details, Zhang this thing is added to the eyes, and the character Ming is doubled." ”
Mingtian Yiyu "Liu Qing Ri Za Za 叇" Yun: "The deputy envoy of The School of Learning Chaoyang Lin has two things, such as a large money shape, thin and transparent, such as glass, such as glass, color like mica, every time you read the article, the eyes are tired, do not distinguish the details of the book, so as to cover your eyes, the spirit is not scattered, and the strokes are bright." It is tied with silk and tied behind the head. ”
Ming Langying's "Seven Revision Drafts" Yun: "Less taste and smell the nobles have glasses, the elderly look at the book, the small characters look big, out of the Western Sea, the captives get it and make it, in order to leave China, Chengshi Bao also."
Wen Zhengming Xiaokai "Ten Records of Caotang", 23.2x28.4cm
Wen Zhengming Xiaokai's Lotus Society, 25.5x9.8cm
Wu Kuan, a Wumen scholar 35 years older than Wen Zhengming, also wrote a poem "Xie Tu Gong Sends Glasses to the Western Regions", which is included in volume 22 of the Sikuben "Imperial Selected Ming Poems", and he vividly describes:
Circle and pod money, net and mica horse
Fly-headed trivial words, Ming Ying class rafter pen
This is direct evidence of the use of glasses by the Wumen literati in the Ming Dynasty.
The old man with glasses in "Nandu Fanhui Map"
The Ming Dynasty court painting "Nandu Fanhui Tu" also depicts an old man wearing glasses, which is a pictorial record of certainty. According to these historical materials, the reason why Mr. Wen Zhengming was nearly ninety years old and could still write exquisite xiaokai was probably that he had an artifact. It is only because this device is expensive and not popular, and people know very little about it at the time.
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