As an ancient traffic celebrity with its own hot search physique, Qianlong has a well-known hobby - stamping. However, for the character of "stamping maniac", Qianlong was somewhat aggrieved, because his idol, Xiang Yuanbian, could seal more than him!
Judging from the more than 200 seals on Chu Suiliang's edition of the Orchid Pavilion Preface, Qianlong only contributed more than a dozen red seals such as "Sanxitang Jingjian Seal" and "Shiqu Baodi", which were completely insufficient to reflect his pomp and circumstance, and Xiang Yuanbian stamped nearly 100 seals on this work.
Chu Suiliang's edition of the Orchid Pavilion Preface partial XiangYuan Bian old collection
Xiang Yuanbian has various stamps on Chu Suiliang's edition of the Orchid Pavilion Preface
Who is Xiang Yuanbian? I think everyone in the collecting world has heard about it.
In the Ming Dynasty, folk collections were popular, especially in the rich Jiangnan region, where collectors came out one after another, the most famous of which was Xiang Yuanbian, who was known as "the first of the eight major connoisseurs since the Ming and Qing dynasties".
Xiang Yuanbi statue
Xiang Yuanbian( Xiang Yuanbei) is one of the most prestigious folk collectors in Chinese history, whose collection of famous calligraphy and paintings and antique treasures from past dynasties is amazing in number and value. The Ming Dynasty calligrapher and painter Wen Jia once described him: "Zijing is good at ancient and liberal arts, proficient in appreciation, fond of ancient law books, such as food and drink, every strange book, no longer discuss the price, so the southeast famous relics are returned."
Nowadays, on many of the surviving top scrolls and legal books, we can often see collection seals such as "Xiangzijing Collection", "Xiangyuan Seal", "Tianlaige Molin" or "Tianlai Pavilion". Ming Xie Zhaochun also mentioned in the "Five Miscellaneous Tricks": "Xiang's hidden such as Gu Kai's daughter Shi Zhentu, etc., do not know the number, the viewer can not exhaust the months." Do not hesitate to buy heavy goods, so the treasures of Jiangnan's hometown are in his hands. ”
"Female History" Silk Color 24× 248 cm Collection of the British Museum
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Xiang Yuanbian can become a generation of ming dynasty collectors, not in the sky, but related to its own and family background.
1. The wind of late Ming collection prevailed, and the Xiang family had a strong background
Xiang Yuanbian was born from the Xiang clan of the famous Jiangnan family, from Xiang Jin, the ancestor of the Xiang clan, to Xiang Yuanbei's brother Xiang Dushou, a family that produced high-ranking officials from generation to generation, and Xiang Yuanbian's father Xiang Yi was also an official in Nanjing. The Xiang family is not only politically outstanding, but also very strong in economic strength. His father, Xiang Xiang, attached great importance to the accumulation of wealth, never squandered, and attached great importance to collecting. Xiang Yuanbian was tired of the imperial examinations, and faded from being an official in his career, so he took over the family business. Because he was influenced by his father since childhood, he was very good at financial management. In addition to inheriting the family business and operating the field property, he also engaged in the large-scale trading of works of art such as calligraphy, painting and antiques. From the age of 16, he began to devote himself to collecting activities, both profiteering and elegant, and took this as his life's work.
2. Extensive knowledge of oneself, calligraphy and painting are all familiar
Although Xiang Yuanbian did not enter the army as an official, he had a wide range of knowledge. He is a famous Wu school painter, huang gongwang and Ni Zhan of landscape painting, good at painting landscapes and flowers, and has a quiet and sparse interest. His calligraphy is handsome and ancient, his pen is tossed, his paintings are written, and his gods are perfect. He also wrote "Nine Records of the Banana Window", and the story of "Tang Bohu Pointing Autumn Fragrance" is from the book.
Ming XiangYuanbian "Fan Lin Tu" Color on paper 25.8cm×86cm Collection of Nanjing Museum
The number of items in Xiang Yuanbian's collection was second to none at the time, and according to records, his "collection of ancient artifact books, A in Jiangnan, guests to the xiang and the taste of the heron to see the foot, poor days forget tired." "Xiang Yuanbian's treasure collection is called Tianlai Pavilion, which is said to be related to a Jin Dynasty iron harp collected by Xiang Yuanbian. This piano was written by sun deng, a famous jin dynasty violin maker, and the back of the piano was cast with two eight-point characters: Tianlai, but the question of the authenticity of this piano has been unresolved.
Ming "Tianlai" iron harp, under the pool there is an inlaid silver wire seal book "Ming Xiang Yuan Bian Treasure Collection" Collection of the Palace Museum
Authenticity aside, the Tianlai Pavilion displays yiding from the Shang Zhou Dynasty, jade from the Han Dynasty, great relics of the Tang and Song Dynasties, famous paintings of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, lacquerware from the Yongle Dynasty, incense burners from the Xuande Dynasty, as well as countless large and small porcelain, ancient books, ancient stones, Buddha statues and various treasures. Song and Yuan calligraphy and painting is the core of Xiang Yuan's collection, although the Collection of Tianlai Pavilion is rich, it is not blindly collected, most of which are worldly fine works, such as-
Feng Chengsu's "Preface to the Orchid Pavilion", Wang Xianzhi's "Mid-Autumn Festival", Zhang Xu's "Four Scrolls of Cursive Ancient Poems", Ouyang Que's "Zhongni Dream Dian Tie Scroll", Li Bai's "Shangtai Poster Scroll", Du Mu's "Zhang Haohao Poetry Scroll", Han Wei's "Five Bull Picture Scrolls", Gu Kaizhi's "Female Shi Zhen Tu Scroll", Han Gan's "Mu Ma Tu Scroll", "Zhao Ye Bai Tu Scroll", Su Shi's "Former Chibi Fu Scroll", Huang Tingjian's "Zishu Songfeng Pavilion Poem", Mi Fu's "Amaranth Poetry Thesis", Cai Xiang's "Chengxintang Paper Scroll", Zhao Mengfu's "Kunshan Huaiyunyuan Chronicle", Zhao Mengfu's "Record of Kunshan Huaiyunyuan", Zhao Mengfu Guangfu Temple Reconstruction Pagoda Scroll", "Yanjiang Stacked Ridge Map Poetry Scroll", "Seed Pine Thep volume", "Luoshen Fu Scroll", "LaoZi Daode Sutra Scroll", Qian Xuan's "Pear Blossom Picture Scroll", Wen Zhengming's "True Appreciation Of Jai Picture Scroll", Qiu Ying's "Han Palace Spring Dawn" and so on, can be described as numerous, all of which are rare masterpieces.
Tang Feng Chengsu G "Feng G Lan Ting Preface" volume 24.5cm×69.9cm Collection of the Palace Museum
Tang Handi's "Five Bulls" 20.8cm×139.8cm Collection of the Palace Museum
Tang Li Bai "On the Balcony" 28.5cm×38.1cm Collection of the Palace Museum
Yuan Zhao Mengfu "Quehua Autumn Color Map" Part 28.4cm×93.2cm Collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei
Xiang's Tianlai Pavilion is famous in later generations, the Qianlong Emperor has visited Jiaxing six times in Jiangnan, and eight tours to the South Lake, interviewing the former site of Tianlai Pavilion, and specially inscribed poems for it when visiting:
《Tianlai Pavilion》 With Li Wen's son Jing, the cabinet collected the relics to fill the tree. The clouds and smoke scattered like a floating sky, and Ming Shi pitied him for his own name.
Xiang Yuanbian is not only a collector, but also an antique dealer, who has his own set of collecting rules. In addition to his love of stamping, he also likes to mark the price, and the calligraphy and paintings in his collection should be written on when and where to buy the house, the silver and silver spent when buying the painting, and so on. For example: the inscription Yuan Zhao Mengfu Xingshu "Yanjiang Stacked Mountains Picture Poetry Scroll" Trek: "Ming Jiajing thirty-eighth spring and February, purchased in Qiantang Dingshi, Mo Lin XiangYuan Bian True Reward." The original price is ten or two, "pet" word number" .
Feng Chengsu G Wang Xizhi's "Orchid Pavilion Preface" The price tag of Xiang Yuanbian at the end of the Palace Museum
This method was once ridiculed by Jiang Shaoshu of the Qing Dynasty, who said in his "Yun Shi Zhai Pen Talk" that "beautiful people are hired with pearls and gongs, while Yu other suitable people are remembered with a dark face." Or it is all over his body, and he is more fierce than the unclean Xizi. ”
In the face of the vast collection of Tianlai Pavilion, Xiang Yuanbian also adopted order management. Encoded in the order of the contemporaneous writer Zhou Lujing's Chuguang Qianwen, the book is placed at the beginning and end of each work or along the edges of the four corners. From the existing calligraphy and paintings in his collection, words such as "art", "truth", "ridicule", "pet" and so on have been found, such as the number of Han Di's "Five Bull Diagram" is "this", Wang Meng's "Zhichuan Migration Map" corresponds to the word "Sheng", and Su Shi's "To the Dream of the Secret School Ruler" is the 801st "with" character number of the thousand character text.
Su Shi's "To the Secret School Ruler of Dreams" In the lower right corner of the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, there is a thousand-character text "with" number
Not only that, in the process of collecting calligraphy and paintings, Xiang Yuanbian also paid attention to the specific protection of calligraphy and paintings, and promoted the protection measures in the process of appreciation: Tang and Song dynasty calligraphy and paintings could not be displayed and played in the sun, so much so that they were damaged, that is, they were slightly steamed, and only when the wind and sun were beautiful, the desk was also rolled. He also proposed how to protect the small paintings of the Tang and Song Dynasties: "Where the famous pens of the Tang and Song Dynasties, regardless of the large and long scrolls, their scattered traces are the most suitable for the album, even if they are exhibited and played, they are added to the selection, and they are also free from the danger of the whole folding and pluming, which is also known to the ancients."
Song Li Tang "Tsai Wei Tu" 27cm×90cm Collection of the Palace Museum
Xiang Yuanbian has effectively preserved and managed the collection, so that the famous calligraphy and paintings of the past generations have been passed down to the present day, and has made indelible contributions to the preservation of China's excellent cultural heritage, and some of his writings have also provided extremely valuable experience for the appreciation of cultural relics. For example, the "Atlas of Famous Porcelain of Past Dynasties" records 83 pieces of famous porcelain of the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties that Xiang Yuanbi saw, and illustrated them one by one, tushi painting, district classification and aggregation, and made into ten volumes, which is the earliest monograph on atlas kilns in China.
The English translation of the Atlas of Famous Porcelain of past dynasties is intercepted
The 50th year of Xiang Yuanbian's death. The Qing army attacked Jiahe, and the centurion Wang Yunshui led his troops into the Tianlai Pavilion and looted the collection operated by the Xiang family for generations. Most of these precious classics and calligraphy and paintings, except for some scattered folk, were stored in the Qing Court Inner Palace, and are now stored in the Palace Museum and other museums.
Yuan Qianxuan,29.6cm×98.7cm, Shanghai Museum Collection
Yuan Zhao Mengfu", "Two Sheep Figure", 25.2cm× 48.4cm, Collection of the Freer Museum of Art, USA
Jin Wang Xizhi's "Thousand Characters of xingkaishu" partial 26.3cm× 322cm Collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei
The number of Xiang Yuanbian's collection remained a mystery until the Republic of China, when Weng Tongwen, a disciple of historian Chen Yinke, speculated on the total number of Xiang Yuanbian's calligraphy and painting collection - 2190 pieces based on the "Catalogue of Thousand Texts numbered calligraphy and paintings".
What does this number represent? Perhaps the Palace Museum, which has gathered hundreds of years of accumulation and national strength to do collections, will be much more intuitive. According to the "Records of Calligraphy and Paintings of the Forbidden City", the collection of calligraphy and paintings in the Palace Museum is more than 4,600 pieces, and Xiang Yuanbian's personal collection is nearly half of the Forbidden City, not to mention the high quality of its collection.
Xiang Yuanbian's collection not only provides us with a window to observe the society at that time, but more importantly, he continues the context of Chinese culture represented by calligraphy and painting, so that culture can be inherited in the form of materials, and it is no exaggeration to call him "the first person in Chinese folk collection"!
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