"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 258th article
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > to Xiang Yuanpi's grandson Xiang Shengmu, the rich and invincible Xiangjia collection was destroyed! </h1>
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Xiang Shengmo (1597-1658), Zi Yi, Hou Zi Kong Zhang, Yi An, many other names, there are Zi Zhang, Zi Bi, Xu Shan Qiao, Xu Qiao, Gu Xu Shan Qiao People, Rabbit Ming Shuo, LianTang Resident, Song Tao Scattered Immortals, Da Youshan People, Cuncun Residents, Smoke Wave Anglers, Wild Bards, Mandarin Lake Fishing Sorcerers, Yi Shuo, Sleepless Building Sergeant, Drunken Madman, Smoke and Rain Building Side Fishing Squirrel, etc., Jiaxing, Zhejiang.
Xiang Shengmo's grandfather Xiang Yuanbian (項元汴), was young and wise, boya and ancient, and desperate to advance. At that time, elegant people came to Jiaxing to visit Xiang Yuanbian, and the famous painters Wen Peng and Wen Jia had particularly close contacts with Xiang Yuanbian. During the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Shenzong Zhu Yijun heard of his name, and specially gave him the Seal Book to recruit him to become an official and not to go. Xiang Yuanbi's collection of calligraphy, famous paintings, and Ding Yi jade stones is in the sea. Xiang Yuanbian was good at appreciating, distinguishing the true body, analyzing and hair, and no one was comparable at that time. People who were contemporaries of Xiang recorded: "Xiang's collections such as Gu Kaizhi's "Female History Proverbs" and so on, do not know the number, the viewer can not exhaust the months. Other inkblots and ancient Yi artifacts are particularly numerous. His family has been rich for generations, and he does not hesitate to buy it, so the treasures of his hometown in Jiangnan are in his hands. ”
Xiang Shengmo's father, Xiang Deda, gave birth to a son named Xiang Shengmu eight years after Xiang Yuanbian's death, that is, in the twenty-fifth year of the Ming Dynasty (1597). Xiang Deda was also a painter and collector, connoisseur, and in line with his father's preferences. Xiang Shengmu's uncle Xiang Dexin was also good at painting.
Xiang Shengmo has been influenced by his family since childhood, refining ancient calligraphy and painting masterpieces, in addition to appreciation, collection, but also especially able to paint, in order to paint, he once refused to be recommended by Xiucai as a student of the GuoziJiantai, he did not seek Shijin, only painting, he put all his energy into painting and calligraphy. His paintings and creations have shown many talents, such as landscapes, figures, flowers and birds. Dong Qichang inscribed in his album: "The ancients discussed painting, and there was no doubt that taking things was a combination, and it was not complete for the thirteen subjects, and it could not be reached here." Fan Kuan's landscape and water are divine, and he borrows famous hands as characters, so he knows the difficulty of growing up and running. Xiang Kongzhang's book is a beautiful and beautiful book, a tree and stone house, all of which fought with the Song people in blood, on the landscape and water, and also the popularity of the Yuan, although its heavenly bones are self-contained, it must also be deeply worked, the so-called morale, writers are ready. Xiang Zijing has this grandson, and he does not live up to the victory of the ancient appreciation of the century-old food newspaper. ”
Jiaxing Xiang clan, after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Xiang Yuanbian invested family assets in two aspects, one for pawns and the other for calligraphy and painting. Xiang Yuanbian keenly felt that engaging in calligraphy and painting must be a big business, and the rewards were rich. And to do a good job of collecting, we must open a wide range of pawnshops. His brothers trusted him so much that they entrusted him with the management of the family assets. Sure enough, Xiang Yuanbian achieved great success.
When Xiang Shengmo was born, his grandfather Xiang Yuanbian had died eight years ago, and his grandfather did not know that the Xiang family would have a grandson who would leave a famous painting history. But the grandson knew him, and knew that his grandfather was a wonderful person. The Xiang family's collection of Han Di's "Five Bull Diagrams" was distributed to xiang Yuanbi's fifth son Xiang Deda before his death. Xiang Shengmo copied the Five Bulls in the fourth year of Ming Chongzhen (1631). A family like Xiang Shengmo was naturally influenced by the family environment, and he had been associated with calligraphy and painting since he was a child, and liked to write and paint. His ambitions are in the study and creation of poems, books and paintings. In his self-knowledge of the "Loose Waves scattered immortal scrolls" created at the age of thirty-three, he recalled the scene of his youth: "In the year of Yu Hao, he liked to play with Rouhan, and the first gentleman was responsible for lifting his children' business, and the day was not time to carve, the night would be a bonfire lamp, he would write intentionally, insects and plants, feathers and bamboo, nothing was prepared, and he would stop at the shape of Xiao." ”
During the Apocalypse period, Emperor Mingxi Zhu Yu did not do anything to the government, and all the power fell into the hands of the eunuch Wei Zhongxian. At that time, the whole world called Wei Zhongxian "nine thousand years old". In order to control the government, Wei Zhongxian, on the one hand, privately formed henchmen, quoted his close family members, and made him a marquis, leaving him on the right track. Some unscrupulous officials sold themselves to them and were highly valued. On the other hand, Wei Zhongxian rejected dissidents, attacked courtiers, and greatly promoted unjust imprisonment. Up and down the wilderness, black smoke miasma. In the fourth year of the Ming Dynasty (1624), Xiang Shengmo created the "Jiazi Summer Water Map", and in the fifth year (1624), he created the "Yi Ugly Autumn Drought Map", which recorded the situation of the Jiangnan region at that time being hit by water and drought disasters. Xiang Shengmo's creation pays attention to people's livelihood, and this concern is expressed through painting creation, which is rare and valuable among ancient Chinese painters, especially among literati painters. Xiang Shengmo inscribed a poem in the painting "June Singing Wind Bamboo Diagram":
June whistles strange winds, and sends out for several days and nights.
The pine is incessant, how has it ever looked like a long summer?
Three years of Amaranth, the drought is back to abuse.
Unable to withstand the fierce wind, the new rui blows down.
The sun is hot, and the wind is fierce.
The back of the stone is yellow, and the north window is green and bamboo folded.
The blue sky is flying in the clouds, and the rainbow shadow is still gone.
Angry eyes shoot rainbow light; thirst for rainbow blood.
Worms and insects accumulate qi boom;
The green shoot leaves are half yellow, and the women's faces are all black.
The night of the cloud han returned, and the comet shone in the courtyard.
Singing ice tent people, who knows Tian Qi bitter.
Nichido Sosaku, Tanaka 耘 death.
All the surnames were trembling, and the government sincerely prayed.
In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), Xiang Shengmo "passed through Qilu, out of the Great Wall, liyan mountain, you yuchuan, and then into Chang'an, where the nine months were read.". Finally, we arrived at "Chang'an", the capital city of Beijing. This was his second trip to Beijing. As early as eleven years ago, in the forty-sixth year of the Ming Dynasty (1618), when he was twenty-two years old, he visited Beijing once. Li Rihua inscribed after Xiang Shengmu's "Five Bull Diagrams": "Gu KongZhang's famous family son, The Great Degree of The Magnificent Force, went out to declare the power of the country, painted the Nine Chapters of the Heavenly Son's Legal Clothing, and deliberated on the Ritual Instrument of the Taichang Ceremony, which is superior." Xiang Shengmo went to Beijing twice, and lived for a long time. The first time you enter the country as a student, you may leave automatically. Because Taixue was already in vain in the late Ming Dynasty, it was not taken seriously. The second time he just did things, drawing a dress pattern for Tianzi. Because he was not careful on horseback riding, he broke his right arm, so he quickly returned to his hometown in Jiaxing. He wrote in a poem:
Breathing loose waves and scattering immortals,
Ge Zhong hung on the wall and slept idly,
There is bamboo in front of the window to talk about medical customs,
It has been less than ten years since Chang'an.
After Xiang Shengmo returned home, he was completely immersed in the creation of poetry and painting, and the creation of poetry and painting poured his life's energy into it.
During the Chongzhen period, natural disasters were more frequent and serious than during the apocalypse years, and after years of famine and famine, the people were on the line of life and death, and the government instead increased taxes and taxes, and more cruelly looted the people, and the whole country sparked. There were Qing soldiers outside, repeatedly breaking through the Great Wall, besieging Beijing, and the Beijing Division was under martial law. There were rebel armies inside, and Chongzhen was overwhelmed and tired of coping. In the winter of the eleventh year of Chongzhen, Xiang Shengmo, in his Miscellaneous Album, painted a second painting of an official sitting there watching two roosters on a bucket frame, with a poem inscribed on it:
This old Jeran sat on the levee,
Gaze at the sleeves of the hand into a neon.
So far there is no miracle,
That makes idle looking at cockfighting.
The fall of the Ming Dynasty is already inevitable. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), on the 19th day of the third month of the lunar calendar, Li Zicheng invaded Beijing, and the Chongzhen Emperor Zhu You, seeing that the general trend had gone, hanged himself at Coal Mountain (Jingshan). When the news reached Jiangnan, Xiang Shengmo was very sad to hear it. The Xiang family originated in the Ming Dynasty, and Xiang Shengmo received an education in feudal culture and was loyal to him. He created a monumental "Yi zhu tu", also known as "vermilion self-portrait", which depicted himself sitting on his knees, leaning against a large tree. The portrait is all sketched in white with ink pen, without color, while the trees and distant mountains are all vermilion. He borrowed the consonants of "Zhu" and "Zhu" to indicate that he would always be a member of the Ming Dynasty. In the falling paragraph, he also specially wrote that he was "Jiangnan in the wild". There are also two seven-sentence poems inscribed,
One:
The remaining water is still the color of the mountain, and the dark shadow is faint in the sky.
The red heart burned up to paint DanLuo, and the thirsty pen was lightly ashamed to draw pictures.
Who can look at the few characters? Gu Yun is also like a fool.
Turning around and laughing at himself three tricks hidden, the believer is already with him.
Second:
A clear and self-colored self-color, all by the ochre powder to reflect the eyebrows.
Because of the shame of people's faces and decorations, don't dye smoke posture is curious.
When he was hurt for a long time, his spirit gradually decreased, and he did not cry before he was angry.
Although the cry marks are as worried as ever, the sun is rising and the peace is obsessed.
The situation was changing, and the Qing army invaded the Central Plains with lightning speed, and the whole country was in chaos. Li Zicheng was also defeated by the Qing army and withdrew from Beijing on April 28. On May 2, the Qing army occupied Beijing and launched a large-scale attack to the south. The following year, in the second year of Qing Shunzhi (1645), the Qing soldiers brutally destroyed Yangzhou, and after the "Ten Massacres of Yangzhou", they entered Nanjing on May 15, jiangnan fell one after another, and the Qing soldiers attacked the city of Jiaxing. Wang Liushui, the head of the Qing army, robbed the Xiang family and burned the Xiang family to the ground.
After Ming's death, in the fifteen or six years before Xiang Shengmo's death, he never signed the dynasty chronicle on his paintings, but only signed the cadres. Xiang Shengmo's works, mostly landscapes, he started from learning Wen Zhengming in his early years, and soon jumped out of the limitations of Wen Zhengming's painting style and began to learn directly from the ancients. He quickly changed to the meticulous rigor of the Song people's pen and took the rhyme of the Yuan people. His family's rich collection of famous painters from past generations enables him to avoid direct observation of nature and accumulate experience in long-distance sketching, his picture layout is wide open, the artistic conception is clear and elegant, the structure is rigorous and changeable, the brushwork is simple and elegant, the atmosphere is elegant, the bookish atmosphere is very rich, and it has a high character and ideological connotation. Xiang Shengmo has studied ancient calligraphy and painting since childhood, and Li Rihua praised his painting style as "heroic and enlightened, transcendent and unique", and "the pride of rise".
Xiang Shengmu is also good at calligraphy and poetry. Its calligraphy is dignified and rigorous, and it is plucked out and taken off. Most of his poems are inscription poems, the words and police policies are solemn, and the style is tragic and magnificent. Later generations commented on the complete realm of his poetry and painting works, believing that it could be compared with Wang Wei's "there is poetry in painting, and there is painting in poetry". The country was destroyed and the family died, and in his later years, his family was poor, but his ambitions were high, he did not pay the powerful, and he sold paintings for self-sufficiency. Representatives also refer to the world as "Songzhai Reading YiTu", "Fanghezhou Map", "Cut Yue River Autumn Map", "And Listen to the Cold Sound Map", "Minyou Map", "Pu Butterfly Map" and so on. He is the author of "Langyuntang Collection", "Qinghe Caotang Collection", "Examination of The Surname of Painters of Past Dynasties", and "Mojun Inscription".
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "Song for Xiang Shengmu Kong", Shiyun:
World monument home lock,
Sihai Ya played the entrance platform.
The lights of the year are like the night,
Dream sorrow five more timid tears back.
At this moment, the enemy of thousands of miles,
Leaking moon obi spring judgment.
Be diligent and drunk as a reward,
Lonely flute flow for years.
In the early night, the clothes are thin,
The dogs barked outside the eaves.
Yingsi God enlightened flat boat pillow,
Transcendent to get an empty bottle cup.
Song family tree stone GuanHe feng,
Yuan popular rhyme dot green moss.
As far as the Landscape Writers are concerned,
The work force is deeply resentful of the flute.
Who knows the only cup of wine that is crippled,
Snub the cold lights to promise themselves.
Gao Tang Baoyuan yesterday,
Crane weeps this evening.