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Landscape painting, referred to as "landscape", is a kind of Chinese painting that depicts the natural scenery of mountains and rivers as the main body.
origin
Landscape painting has gradually developed in the Wei and Jin dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, but it is still attached to figure painting, as the background is mostly independent; the Sui and Tang dynasties began to be independent, such as Zhan Ziqian's color landscape, Li Sixun's Jinbi landscape, Wang Wei's ink landscape, Wang Qia's splashed ink landscape, etc.; the landscape paintings of the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty were greatly developed, and the authors were diverse, such as Jing Hao, Guan Tong, Li Cheng, Dong Yuan, JuRan, Fan Kuan, Xu Daoning, Yan Wengui, Song Di, Wang Yi, Mi Qian, Mi Youren's ink landscape, Wang Ximeng, Zhao Boju, and Zhao Bohua's green landscape, and the north and south competed for glory, reaching the peak. Since then, it has become a major painting discipline in Chinese painting; landscape painting in the Yuan Dynasty tends to be freehand, with virtual reality, focusing on pen and ink charm, and creating a new style; the Ming and Qing dynasties and modern times, continued to develop, but also out of a new look. In terms of performance, we pay attention to the business position and express the artistic conception. The traditional division methods include ink, green, golden, boneless, light, pastel and other forms.
Landscape painting: it is one of the unique types of Chinese painting. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was gradually separated from figure painting and formed an independent painting material, and by the Tang Dynasty it had fully matured.
Landscape painting is the essence of loving nature and the beauty of heaven and earth, so yin and yang, obscurity, rain, cold and summer, dusk, day and night have endless fun. Although there are many landscape painters from the Six Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, their brushwork and location are very ancient.
phylogeny
In the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, it has gradually developed, but it is still attached to figure painting, which is the background of most of them; the Sui and Tang dynasties began to be independent, such as Zhan Ziqian's color landscape, Li Sixun's Jinbi landscape, Wang Wei's ink landscape, Wang Qia's splashed ink landscape, etc.; the five dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty landscape paintings were greatly developed, and the authors were diverse, such as Jing Hao, Guan Tong, Li Cheng, Dong Yuan, JuRan, Fan Kuan, Xu Daoning, Yan Wengui, Song Di, Wang Yi, Mi Qian, Mi Youren's ink landscape, Wang Ximeng, Zhao Boju, Zhao Bohua's green landscape, and the north-south jinghui, reaching its peak. Since then, it has become a major painting discipline in Chinese painting; landscape painting in the Yuan Dynasty tends to be freehand, with virtual reality, focusing on pen and ink charm, and creating a new style; the Ming and Qing dynasties and modern times, continued to develop, but also out of a new look. In terms of performance, we pay attention to the business position and express the artistic conception. The traditional division methods include ink, green, golden, boneless, light, pastel and other forms.
When Li Sixun, Wang Wei, Zhang, etc. improved the painting theory and painting method of landscape painting, zhang fa (composition) gradually formed the face of Chinese landscape painting. The five generations of Jing Hao and Guan Tong have more new innovations and first-class stereotypes. A new situation has emerged. In the Song Dynasty, Dong Yuan, Fan Kuan, and Li Cheng were three families standing tall, and there were no ancients before. Landscape painting has reached an almost perfect state.
Paintings that depict the natural scenery of mountains and rivers are called landscape paintings. In the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, it has gradually developed, but it is still attached to figure painting, as the background is the majority; the Sui and Tang Dynasties began to be independent, such as Zhan Ziqian's color landscape, Li Sixun's Jinbi landscape, Wang Wei's ink landscape, Wang Qia's splashed ink landscape and so on.
The landscape paintings of the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty were greatly developed, such as the ink landscapes of Jing Hao, Mi Fu and Mi Youren, and the green landscapes of Wang Ximeng and Zhao Boju, and the jinghui of the north and south reached its peak, and has since become a major painting discipline in the field of Chinese painting.
Landscape painting in the Song Dynasty fell into nature, focusing on "truth" and "reality", and advocated the realistic style of landscape painting. The use of silk is not only meticulous and rigorously depicted, but also renders the picture layer by layer with ink, showing a solemn and idyllic beauty. The landscape paintings of the Song Dynasty show an unprecedented delicate, rich and realistic painting style, and the subject matter and style of paintings in this period are endless. In the Song Dynasty, many royalty and nobles were particularly fond of landscape painting, which was evident in the screens they used.
Landscape painting in the Yuan Dynasty tended to be freehand, using virtual to replace reality, focusing on pen and ink charm, and creating a new style. The Ming Dynasty and modern times continued to develop, and Dong Qichang and the "Four Kings" of the early Qing Dynasty made significant contributions to the completion of landscape painting towards the perfection of painting theory and painting techniques.
The formation and establishment of landscape painting is the infiltration of Wei and Jin's demeanor, the inevitability of advocating nature, the awakening of the individual consciousness of the literati, and people's aesthetic perception of natural landscapes. ... Advocating nature is an important embodiment of Wei and Jin demeanor, since gu Kaizhi of the Jin Dynasty created the "Lushan Map", landscape painting has been formed and established, and landscape painting has become an important and unique form of expression of "landscape culture".
Chinese landscape painting has a long history. It shows the colorful natural scenery and reflects the aesthetic consciousness of the Chinese.
From the embryonic period of landscape painting from the beginning of the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the gradual maturity of the Five Dynasties of Sui and Tang Dynasties, until the two Song Dynasties formed a prosperous scene, to the Yuan Dynasty reached a climax, with the development of the Ming and Qing commodity economy, landscape painting to glory.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the "division of labor" in Chinese society formed a hermit class, and the hermits were tired of the complexities of the world, returned to nature, went deep into the landscape, and pursued "heaven and man without end" and "unity of heaven and man" through natural landscapes.
To make landscape painting an independent painting discipline, Zong Bing played a huge role. Zong Bing's "Sequence of Painting Landscapes" and Wang Wei's "Narrative Painting" are valuable as theories of landscape painting in the early days of landscape painting.
classify
The Encyclopedia of China * Fine Arts Volume classifies landscape paintings into: green landscape (jinbi landscape), ink landscape (ink brush landscape), light landscape (light colored landscape), small green landscape and boneless landscape.
Aesthetic characteristics
First of all, the characteristics of Chinese landscape painting are scenery and feelings, which is the art of landscape painting expressed by the author who integrates the beauty of nature into his feelings and expresses it through artistic techniques.
Chinese art does not overemphasize sensory stimulation and rational analysis (concept) in the subjective and objective relationship of aesthetics, but also emphasizes the harmonious blending of subjectivity and objectivity, aesthetic requirements are related to national personality, focusing on thickness, solidity, openness, gentleness, harmony, virtue, and goodness... The aesthetic way is more accustomed to careful reading, subtly and imperceptibly experience the emotion, such as watching paintings and drinking in life, drinking tea for a mouthful, three mouthfuls for the taste, one taste, two tastes of its meaning, three products of its realm, the realm of drinking is fluttering and happy to excite the vision and poetry, Du Fu described the eight immortals in drinking is a realm, eating tea from the form of leisurely tea tasting to kung fu tea, so the atmosphere develops into a tea ceremony This is also the realm. Looking at the painting is both pleasing to the eye and pleasing to the heart, that is, the ancients said: "Taste its taste, know its meaning, and understand its aspirations." Huang Binhong said: "Jiangshan is like a painting, and the inner beauty is quiet and the middle reference", the inner beauty is the atmosphere, temperament, breath, momentum, and charm, including the spirit of pen and ink, of course, it refers to the law, ethics and imperceptible educational significance.
Landscape painting is from the landscape to the work, from creation to appreciation have fascinating and empathetic characteristics, without the author's immersive experience of touching the scene, there is no reader immersive, taste and feeling, as a landscape painter should have the spirit of a tour guide, leading the viewer to browse through it, experience it, for its pleasure, for it, to achieve emotional relaxation, the right union of the soul, in short: "Chang Shen". It was Zong Bing, a landscape painter in the fifth century who said this, who in his later years had limited mobility and faced landscape paintings all day long, "lying down and swimming", indulging in the nature of landscapes, called "Chang Shen".
In today's era, in order to regulate the noisy city life and the tense and busy work, people are popular for tourism, sending love to landscapes, and loving landscape paintings.
Intentionality is the characteristic of landscape painting, with the pursuit of "realm" from emotion to temperament. Painting landscape painting pays attention to "teacher creation", in the creation of the realm, high in the realm, painting and painting together immersive, to the deep level of aesthetic activities: First, close to nature, return to nature, and nature, to achieve the subjective and objective world and the same time into the situation of constant new, so-called new. The second is to imperceptibly immerse yourself in the profound realm of the true realm, the divine realm, and the wonderful realm, cultivate sentiments, purify the soul, and achieve the sublimation of the spiritual realm!
All in all, in short, with the height of the realm, there is a high quality of art.
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