preface
The complex sentences spoken of today are relatively common sentence forms. Although Mr. Wang Li has many subdivided sentence patterns, it can basically be seen as a 2-3 structure with two sets of subjects and verbs after the merged version.
That is, the subject verb + subject verb or subject verb + subject verb guest.
First, the subject verb + subject verb
1、N-F-NN-F(V)
Country - Broken - Mountains and Rivers - In, N-F-NN-V, City - Spring - Grass - Deep, N-F - NN-F. Mountains and rivers, grass and trees, are all juxtaposed, so it is NN.
The first subject is one word and the second subject is two words.
Simplified to 2-3 structure: national break - mountains and rivers in, city spring - grass and trees deep.
Du Fu's "Spring Hope":
National break - mountains and rivers in, the city spring - grass and trees deep.
When I feel the flowers splash tears, I hate the birds and be frightened.
The flames lasted for three months, and the family letter arrived at ten thousand gold.
The white head scratches are shorter and more overwhelming.
In the five-word near-body poem, the complex sentences of the two sets of subject verbs in the structure of 2-3 have any relationship with each other
Another example: N-F-nN-F. As in the previous sentence, the third word is a modifier for the fourth word, so it is nN.
Grass - dry - eagle eye - disease, snow - exhaustion - horseshoe - light.
Wang Wei (Tang) "Watching the Hunt":
The wind horn bows, and the general hunts Weicheng.
Grass withered - eagle eye disease, snow exhausted - horseshoe light.
Ignored Xinfeng City, it also returned to the Xiaoliu Camp.
Looking back at the archery, the twilight clouds are flat.
又如:N-V-NN-C
Sun-set-river-lake-white, tide-coming-heaven-earth-blue. In fact, the same as the previous sentence, only the color words used for the last word: white, blue.
It is represented by a 2-3 structure: sunset - jianghu white, tide coming - heaven and earth clear.
Wang Wei (Tang) "Sending Xing Guizhou":
The noise blows at the mouth of the capital, and the wind and waves go down to the cave court.
Ochre will be red shore, and the ship will be revived,
Sunset - the rivers and lakes are white, the tide is coming - the heavens and the earth are clear.
The pearl belongs to Hepu and should be sent to the stars.
2、N-F-N-dV
Leaves - thin - wind - more falling, mountains - different - sun - first sinking. Both subjects are one word.
There are two subjects before and after, and the second predicate consists of an adverb and a verb. Simplified to a 2-3 structure: the leaves are thin - the wind is more falling, and the mountains are different - the sun is sinking at the beginning of the day.
From Du Fu's (Tang) Wild Hope:
QingQiu was not extremely hopeful, and he handed over Zeng Yin.
The water is far away and the sky is pure, and the lonely city is deep in fog.
The leaves are thinner - the wind is more falling, and the mountains are different - the sun is sinking at the beginning of the day.
When the lone crane returned late, the crows were already full of forest.
Second, the subject is the subject + the subject is the guest
1、N-F-N-V-N
Night-long-tide-invasion-shore, day-cold-moon-near-city. Simplified to a 2-3 structure: night long - tide invading the shore, cold weather - moon near the city. Subject + Predicate + Subject + Predicate + Object
Chang Jian (Tang) "Berthing Boat Xuyi":
The boat is in the water, and the frost falls and the sunset is clear.
Night long - tide invaded the shore, cold weather - moon near the city.
Pingsha stayed in the wild goose and waited for the pavilion to listen to the chickens.
Outside the clouds of the country, who can be bound to travel.
2、N-V-N-V-N
This sentence is the same as the previous one, except that the second word is changed to a verb.
Scoop - discard - honor - no green, furnace storage - fire - like red. The structure of 2-3 is: scoop abandonment - honor no green, furnace storage - fire like red. The lord is the lord and the guest
Du Fu (Tang) "To the Snow":
War crying more new ghosts, sorrowful groaning alone old man.
The clouds are low and twilight, and the rapid snow dances back to the wind.
Scoop abandonment - honor no green, furnace storage - fire like red.
Several states broke the news, and the book was empty.
Both subjects, both are one word.
Third, the relationship between the two subject-verbs
The above two sentence forms: subject-verb + subject-verb or subject-verb + subject-verb guest. It can be seen as a 2-3 structure, and there is a certain logical relationship between 2 and 3.
1. Turning
The country is broken - the mountains and rivers are there, and although the capital has fallen, the mountains and rivers are still there.
City spring - deep grass and trees. The spring of the city should be a bright spring and a pleasant scenery, but the "deep grass and trees" is desolate. It is also a turning point.
2. Cause and effect
Seeing this sentence pattern, the first thing that comes to my mind is Meng Haoran's poem "Su Jian Dejiang":
Nagisa, Nippori guest new.
Wild wilderness - sky low tree, Jiang Qing - moon near people.
Wild wilderness - sky low tree, Jiang Qing - moon near people. Subject-verb + subject-predicate guest. There is a causal relationship between the previous subject and the object of the following subject.
The mountain is dim - Sergio, because Serge sets in the west, so the mountain color is dim, the latter is because.
Some of the verses in the previous examples are also causal, for example: scoop abandonment - no green, furnace storage - fire like red; the furnace has not been extinguished, so the fire is still red.
Sunset - the rivers and lakes are white, the tide is coming - the heavens and the earth are clear. The sun sinks in the west, it seems that the water of the rivers and lakes is white, the tide rises (reflecting the sky), and the heavens and the earth seem to be clearer.
3. Background and main scene
Du Fu's "Temporary As Linyi to (Yin House) Mountain Lake Pavilion Fenghuai Li Yuanwai Er Chengxing"
Wild pavilions force the lake water, and the horses are high in the forest.
The mole roars - the wind rushes the waves, the fish jumps - the sun reflects the mountain.
Temporarily travel to obstruct the word Bo, but look forward to Huai Qingguan.
Mist and mist, only to promote the return of the car.
The mole roars - the wind rushes the waves, the fish jumps - the sun reflects the mountain. The wind and waves are the background, reflecting the roar of the shrew, and the sun is the background of the fish jumping.
Conclusion
This kind of five-word sentence of the two main verbs, the first 2 words, if it is not related to the next 3 words, it is not a good sentence. You can observe the verses of the ancients. Whether it is cause and effect, or a turn, or a contrast, there will always be a logical relationship.
The predicate in the verse is often the eye of one sentence, and the complex sentence has two eyes, and the two eyes are combined, and the verse is flexible.
@Old Street Taste
In the five-word near-body poem, the first 3 words are complex sentences with the main verb structure