preface
In Mr. Wang Li's "Chinese Poetics", two special sentence forms are mentioned regarding the complex sentences of the five-word near-body poem.
The common feature of these two sentence forms is that the predicate is reversed, and the difference is that one is the subject-verb structure and the other is the verb-object structure.
First, Shu Xing Yin See - Less, River Rain Night Smell - More.
One of Du Fu's "Two Songs of Scattered Sorrows":
Long-term guests should be swirling, and the king of Xing has not stopped.
Shu star - yin see - less, river rain - night smell - more.
Millions of transmissions go deeper, and the universal area looks forward to banditing it.
Situ lowered Yan Zhao and collected the old mountains and rivers.
1、bNdV-F
The upper link of the jaw link: Shu Xing Yin See -Less, 22-1 Structure. Note this: indicates that the back should be in front.
Shu, is a proper noun, denoted by b. Shu xing is a partial orthography, and Shu is a modifier, so it is lowercase. Stars, which are central, are capitalized and denoted by N.
Yin, modifier verb: see, noun used as an adverb.
Because it is always cloudy, the Star of Shudi is rarely seen.
2、nNnV-F
Jaw Link's Lower Link: Jiang Rainy Night Ask - Many. 22-1 structure.
Jiang, is a common noun to modify rain, denoted by lowercase n. Night, also a noun of time, modifier verb to ask, is also denoted by n.
The meaning of this sentence is that at night, jiang yu was asked many times.
The upper and lower links together understand that there are many cloudy days in Shudi, and the stars are rarely seen at night, but it often rains.
This poem was composed by Du Fu when he first entered Shu, and the meaning of desolation in the guest is expressed in crosses.
3. The object is placed before and the predicate is placed after
These two sentence forms are actually one kind of sentence, but the modifiers are only slightly different.
The characteristic of this sentence pattern is that the object is placed before and the predicate is placed after.
Shu Xing (object) Yin (predicate) - Less (predicate).
River rain (object) night smell (predicate) - many (predicate).
With normal word order, it should be:
Yin-Shu-Xing-Less,
Night smell - river rain - more.
Predicate-object-predicate. The subject was omitted. Shu xing is the object of the previous predicate: yin-shu xing. Again is the subject of the latter predicate: Shu Xing - Less.
Less, more, can be seen as a complement. However, according to Mr. Wang Li's interpretation of this sentence pattern, it is better understood as the second predicate.
The subject is Du Fu, can also be a lot of people living in the local area, less stars, more rain is a climatic characteristics, can also be seen as Du Fu's unique feelings.
2. 盍-簪-Hustle-Tortoise Horse, Column-Torch-Scatter-Lin Crow.
1、V-N-VnN
There is also a kind of predicate inversion, from Du Fu's "Du Wei Zhai Shou Nian"
Guarding the Arong family, the pepper plate has been praised for flowers.
盍-簪-Hustle-Tortoise Horse, Column-Torch-Scatter-Forest Crow.
Forty Ming Dynasty passed, soaring twilight obliquely.
Who can be more restrained, drunk is a career.
盍-簪-Hustle-Tortoise Horse, Column-Torch-Scatter-Forest Crow. V-N-VnN。 1-1-1-2 structure
This sentence pattern mainly looks at the last three words: hustle - tortoise horse, scatter - lin crow, VnN. The actual word order should be: Tochima-Ho, Lin Crow-Scatter.
At night, friends gathered and lit candles, and the disturbed horses hissed, and the crows scattered in fright.
2. The subject is posterior and the predicate is preemptive
Compared with "Jiangyu-Yewen", the difference is that the former has a subject: Tochima, Lin Crow, and no object; the latter has an object, omitting the subject: "Jiangyu (object) - Night Smell (predicate)".
Note: 盍簪, from Yi Yu (易豫) 94 爻: "Don't doubt the friends of 盍簪." "盍, aggregate; hairpin, hairpin (the name of the dignitary who is an official)."
other:
The Shou Nian Arong family, Arong, means younger brother, the title of the Southern Dynasty period. Book of Song: Xie Huilian was not known to his father at the beginning, and his brother Lingyun said: "Ah Rong only realized this, and what is often encountered." “
Du Wei was Du Fu's half-brother. He is Li Linfu's son-in-law. When Tianbao was ten years old, Li Linfu was in a high position, and this son-in-law seemed to be in a good situation, and Du Fu spent the Spring Festival in his home.
Conclusion
The two sentence forms spoken today are inverted predicates. There is a front and a rear.
One is the subject-verb structure, with the predicate preceded by the subject: scatter-lin crow. One is the verb-object structure, with the predicate behind the object: River Rain - Night Smell.
@Old Street Taste
A complex sentence in the five-word near-body poem, the first 4 words are predicate forms, and the last word is also a predicate