High incidence of respiratory diseases in spring! Children's Atomization FAQ Q&A

Recently, the temperature has warmed up, but the cold has not receded, the weather is changeable, the heat and cold are uncertain, and pathogenic microorganisms are also quietly multiplying and breeding. In addition, the body's immunity is relatively low in the spring, and people with weaker bodies, especially children, are very prone to respiratory diseases, such as asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.

Respiratory diseases generally have different degrees of cough, asthma, sputum and other symptoms, at which time doctors often recommend nebulization inhalation therapy. Some parents have little understanding of atomization treatment, and some seem to understand non-understanding, and some methods and concepts of children's atomization inhalation are different. In this season of respiratory diseases, the author interviewed Lin Dongyun, chief physician of the Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine of Qingyuan People's Hospital, and talked with you about the aerosol inhalation treatment commonly used by children and its precautions.

Q1: What is atomization?

Lin Dongyun: Aerosol inhalation is to "take medicine" through breathing, the drug is transformed into inhalable fine particles through the nebulization inhalation device, and through the inhalation of the mouth and nasal cavity of the nebulizer, the drug particles are deposited in the respiratory tract and lungs, and the treatment method of exerting medicinal effects is exerted.

To put it simply, it is a way of administration, with the advantages of no damage, no pain, and good efficacy. In the treatment of respiratory diseases, inhalation of nebulization is increasingly becoming an important adjunctive treatment measure.

Q2: What is the principle of nebulization inhalation?

Lin Dongyun: Atomization inhalation is the use of atomizer compressed air or 6 to 8 liters of pure oxygen per minute to drive gas, generating negative pressure, the atomization potion into jet gas particles of varying sizes, and these particles become 1 to 5 microns of inhalable particles through its impact on the internal baffle, through the mouth or nasal cavity, into the trachea, bronchi, bronchi, bronchi, alveoli, deposited everywhere, directly exerting the medicinal effect.

Since inhalation nebulization acts directly on the diseased respiratory tract and lungs, it works faster and more effectively than oral or intravenous fluids. Although the overall dose is small, the concentration of topical drugs is high.

Q3: What are the factors that affect the efficacy of nebulized inhalation? How to choose a home atomizer?

Lin Dongyun: There are two major factors affecting the efficacy, one is whether the diameter of the inhalable particles is between 1 and 5 microns, and the other is whether they can be effectively deposited in the lungs. The above two factors are determined by the performance of the atomizer, the oxygen drive flow, the atomizer, and the characteristics of the atomization liquid.

Now there are many varieties of atomizers on the market, and the price is also very different, the basis for selection is that the specification is marked with particle size and percentage data. Effective atomized particles deposited in the airways or lungs are 0.5 to 10 microns in diameter, of which 3 to 5 microns are preferred.

Therefore, parents can refer to this effect on the machine to choose. The amount of fogging of some atomizers is adjustable, and the amount of atomization can also be adjusted from small to large according to the age and tolerance of the child, until the tolerance of the child is reached.

Q4: Is the amount of atomization liquid the better?

Lin Dongyun: According to the nebulizer design, the liquid is generally 4 to 8 ml, and the atomization time is within 15 minutes, and the longer the time, the worse the compliance.

Q5: Should the solution be directly atomized or add saline?

Lin Dongyun: If there are more than 4 ml of liquid medicine, you can not add normal saline. If less than 4 ml, normal saline should be added to 4 ml.

Q6: Can I atomize when crying?

Lin Dongyun: Calm breathing plus intermittent deep inhalation are the best state when atomizing. In the crying state, the child can not form effective breathing, the air flow will form a vortex in the mouth, trachea and other atmospheric tracts, most of the atomized particles will be deposited in the airway, and the amount of small airway deposits will be reduced, so it is not recommended to do atomization when crying.

If the child cries violently during the atomization, try to soothe it. It is really insurmountable, even in the crying state, the drug is still partially absorbed. Of course, the parents' means of appeasement are also very important, keep patient, and you can do atomization while watching cartoons.

Atomization can also be achieved during sleep, but at this time the atomization requires the child to open his mouth in order to reduce the nasal obstruction of the atomized particles.

Q7: What should I pay attention to before, during and after atomization?

Lin Dongyun: You should not overeat before atomization, and do not eat half an hour before inhalation to prevent vomiting caused by atomization stimulation and causing suffocation. Also pay attention to removing oral secretions, food debris, etc., so as not to hinder the deep penetration of fog droplets. Do not apply oily creams to the face, so as not to increase the absorption of the drug into the bloodstream and increase unnecessary side effects. Some newly opened plastic nebulizers may have odors, and odors can be dissipated in the ventilation place before atomization, reducing irritation to the respiratory tract.

When atomizing, do not adjust the pressure flow arbitrarily so as not to affect the treatment effect; pay attention to the child's general condition and fogging, prevent suffocation, and do not spray aerosol into the eyes.

After atomization, you can pat the child's back, the hand is in a hollow palm state, from bottom to top, from the outside to the inside, to promote sputum discharge.

Lower airway diseases such as tracheitis and pneumonia can gargle or drink water after atomization, reducing pharyngeal discomfort and the residue of drugs in the mouth. Upper airway diseases such as laryngitis, acute epiglottitis, and laryngeal obstruction, try to rinse and eat after half an hour after atomization, so as not to affect drug absorption.

Q8: Should it be sputum after atomization or post-spouting?

Lin Dongyun: According to different situations to choose the timing of sputum, clinical is often after atomization of the airway to produce a lot of sputum need to suction sputum, but if the baby airway has a lot of sputum blockage, it is recommended to first suction or sputum and then atomization, so that the aerosol particles produced by the drug can enter the lower airway and play a role.

Q9: Are all respiratory diseases suitable for nebulization treatment?

Lin Dongyun: Not all respiratory diseases are suitable for atomization treatment. Wheezing-related respiratory diseases such as bronchiolitis, asthmatic pneumonia, asthmatic bronchitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, etc.; cough-associated respiratory diseases such as cough variant asthma, post-infection cough, allergic cough, etc.; Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia; acute laryngeal tracheobronitis; acute epiglottitis; bronchopulmonary dysplasia; before and after endotracheal intubation and bronchoscopy, these diseases can be treated by nebulization.

【Written by】 Chen Zhiyu Liu Qiuyi

[Correspondent] Peng Keming

【Author】 Liu Qiuyi

【Source】 Southern Press Media Group South + client