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Composition is especially important in Chinese landscape painting. Only mastering skilled pen and ink skills, without successful composition, can not draw a good work, can only be said to be a practice of pen and ink techniques, can not become a work. What is composition? It is the rule of the tradition.
To be cumbersome and complex mountains, trees, clouds and other natural scenery, expressed on a small picture, become a beautiful painting and art work, such as can not be repeatedly pondered, carefully organized, no trade-offs and refinement, will form a chaotic situation. In order to avoid clutter, before painting, first of all, a number of scenes you want to paint, unified thinking, decide which to take into the painting, discard which ones do not enter the painting, what is the prominent theme, which position should be painted, which position should be left blank and not painted, carefully organized, repeatedly deliberated, reasonable arrangement, clever layout, determine the maturity, and then put pen to paint. This process of careful thinking and finalizing is composition. In the composition thinking process, the following seven points should be paid attention to:
First point: intention.
It is what you want to paint, decide which can be painted, which can not be painted, which are the key points, and determine your intentions after careful consideration.
The second point: refine the trade-offs.
In the scenery you want to paint, which are the key expressions, which are secondary, and which can be painted less or not, are determined after refining and choosing.
Third point: the theme is clear.
To write an essay, there needs to be a theme, and its content is completely at the service of the theme. The same is true for painting, determining what the theme focuses on, the theme is the Lord, the rest are guests, all guests serve the theme, and they must be harmonious and unified.
Fourth point: identify highlights and blanks.
The picture is white and bright, white is transparent, no white is black, black is stuffy, stuffy is not happy, so the determination of white space and highlights is very critical.
Fifth point: determine the scale size.
The size of each scene in the picture is compared with each other, and the size, height, width and narrowness should be appropriate and reasonable, and if there is a disproportion, it will destroy the overall situation.
Sixth point: momentum.
Landscape painting should have momentum, or wind or rain, or cloud or sunshine, the continuation of the overall picture, the relationship between the density and how much change, the object image statement, etc., can affect the momentum of the picture, to draw a grand momentum is to create momentum.
Seventh point: light and light.
Unified thinking mature, determine where the depth is tight, where the brightness is evacuated, pay attention to the contrast between black and white, virtual reality, density, light and heavy, thickness, size, and near and far.
The above seven points that should be paid attention to must be well understood and confident.
Regarding composition, although there is no fixed law, according to the successful experience of countless classic works throughout the ages, the following ten composition methods can be summarized: the method of less and fine posture, the method of centering the potential, the method of balanced posture, the method of sparse master-slave posture, the method of segmented taking of the potential, the method of taking the full width, the method of reciprocating the trend, the method of folding the belt shape, the method of taking the position of the concave shape, the method of taking the position of the oblique angle, the method of taking the potential of the oblique angle, and so on.
First, the method of less and fine posture.
On the screen, only a little painting is highlighted, and the other point is contrasted with lightness, forming an infinite space and a sense of far-reaching, which is reminiscent of painting outside the painting.
Second, the method of taking the position in the middle.
In the whole picture, there is space and blank space almost all around, and the scenes painted are concentrated in the middle part, which is characterized by the prominent expression of the main body, the momentum is solemn and bright.
Third, the balanced method of taking the position.
Whether it is up and down or left and right, with one side as the main body, from dense to sparse, from thick to light to a large area of space parts of the transition, and the side of the empty space, painting a little scene and the main body echo, although there is dense and heavy, but the overall balance, this composition method is a balanced posture method.
Fourth, the method of taking the situation from the master and the subordinate.
With one side as the mainstay, the scenery should be dense, the ink should be heavy, highlighting the main body, and most of the blank space, the scenery should be sparse, the ink is light and scattered, forming a dense contrast, the main from the light and heavy contrast momentum, light and scattered parts with the falling model. This is the reason why the theory of painting techniques is that the secret is not ventilated and can be sloppy.
Fifth, the segmented method of taking the situation.
The picture is divided into several sections from top to bottom, or from left to right, and the natural transition between the paragraphs is made with clouds and mist, and each paragraph has a scene according to the relationship between the main and the guest, which generally constitutes a complete and atmospheric landscape painting.
Sixth, the full-scale method of taking the momentum.
As the name suggests, the entire canvas should be full. What needs to be highlighted is rewritten, but it should be appropriately left blank, no white, impenetrable and stuffy, although the layout is full, but it must be divided into thick and light, dense, the main guest, and can not be thick and difficult to distinguish, which is characterized by thickness and solemnity.
Seventh, reciprocate the method of taking the situation.
The key lies in the upper and lower sections or left and right sections of the vertical picture, with one of the optional sections as the main body, the focus is prominent, while the other section is intermittently transitioned, and then the scene of the other section echoes with the main body, or the blank place echoes with the blank place, and the pen and ink correspond to the pen and ink, forming a harmonious trend of qi rhyme through the overall situation.
8. Folding belt shape taking method.
Like a cloth belt, it folds from left to right, then from right to left, left and right, and ascends step by step. Or fold from right to left and then from left to right. Use up and down like the "S" shape or the left and right use of the "∽" shape. This method of folding the belt shape is used by many people in the landscape paintings of the ancients.
Nine, concave type posture method.
The concave shape of the vertical width, or the flexible use of the left high right low, or the right high and left low, or the "concave" shape is put down, as if the "C" shape is used upside down. This composition method is the concave posture method.
10. Oblique angle contrast potential method.
This method was commonly used by the ancients. This compositional method contrasts with two oblique angles. Or the lower left corner is matched with the upper right corner, or the lower right corner is matched with the upper left corner. If there is a scene in the lower left corner and the upper right corner, the upper left corner and the lower right corner are white or transitioned, the oblique angle is matched, there is a master and a slave, flexible and changeable, and the middle is empty. There are many composition methods, which lie in the skillful arrangement and application of the painter, the above ten compositions are only examples, can not be stuck, should be flexible and flexible to play and constantly innovate.
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