Intangible Cultural Heritage
China
【Editor's Note】
China has inscribed a total of seven items on UNESCO's list of intangible cultural heritage in need of urgent safeguarding:
Qiang year
Traditional Chinese wooden arch bridge construction technique
Li traditional spinning, dyeing, weaving and embroidery techniques
Messirev
China's watertight compartment fukugawa manufacturing technology
Chinese Movable Type Printing
Hezhe Imakan
The traditional spinning, dyeing, weaving and embroidery technique of the Li people is a kind of textile technology created by the Li women in Hainan Province, China, which integrates spinning, dyeing, weaving and embroidery, and uses cotton thread, twine thread and other fibers to make clothes and other daily necessities. From an early age, Li women learned from their mothers textile techniques such as tie-dye warp gauze, double-sided embroidery, and single-sided jacquard weaving. Mothers teach skills through oral transmission. Li women design textile patterns based solely on their own imagination and knowledge of traditional styles. In the absence of a written language, these motifs become chroniclers of Li history, cultural legends, religious rituals, taboos, beliefs, traditions and folklore. The motifs also distinguish the five major dialects of Hainan Island. Li Jin is an indispensable part of important social and cultural occasions of the Li people, such as some religious ceremonies and various festivals, especially wedding occasions. On these important days, Li women design clothing for themselves. As a carrier of Li culture, the traditional textile skills of Li Jin are an indispensable part of the cultural heritage of the Li people. In recent decades, however, the number of women mastering weaving and embroidery has declined dramatically, and Lê Kam's traditional weaving skills are on the verge of extinction and in dire need of protection.
The intangible cultural heritage of Hainan Province is an important part of the cultural heritage of Hainan Province and the crystallization of the wisdom of the people of Hainan. The intangible cultural heritage of Hainan Province is very rich in content and well preserved, which is not only a witness to the historical development of Hainan Province, but also a precious and important cultural resource. Intangible cultural heritage plays an increasingly important role in enriching the spiritual and cultural life of the people, enhancing Hainan's cultural soft power, and promoting the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island.
At present, there are a total of 202 representative items of intangible cultural heritage in Hainan Province, 82 items on the list of representative items of intangible cultural heritage at or above the provincial level, and 28 representative items at the national level. Among them, the traditional spinning, dyeing, weaving and embroidery skills of the Li people have been included in UNESCO's "List of Non-material Cultural Heritage in Urgent Need of Protection".
UNESCO's List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding
Li traditional spinning, dyeing and embroidery technology (referred to as: Li Jin technique) is the traditional handicraft used by Li women to make clothes and other daily necessities using natural fibers such as cotton and linen, including hand-twisted spindles, single-spindle spinning wheels, dyeing and finishing of yarns or fabrics with natural materials such as plant dyes, weaving with waist machines, and embroidering decorative patterns on fabrics with color threads.
This technique is most characteristic of "yarn dyeing", "double-sided embroidery", "hemp weaving" and single-sided weaving, double-sided weaving and other waist machine jacquard brocade, and the various patterns on the Li brocade are clan identifiers, which are also important symbols that distinguish the five major dialects of Li Ha, Qi, Mobil, Run, and Sai. It has important historical, scientific and artistic value, and has an important position in the history of the development of China's cotton textile industry. This skill has been passed down from generation to generation among Li women, and the fabrics and supplies made with it are an important carrier of Li culture and are recognized as precious intangible cultural heritage by the Li people.
Textiles made using traditional spinning, dyeing, weaving and embroidery techniques, such as dragon quilts, cross-head clothes, sheets, tube skirts, turbans, flower hats, wall hangings, etc., are collectively referred to as Li Jin. The dragon quilt, which comprehensively embodies the traditional spinning, dyeing, weaving and embroidery skills of the Li people, is a treasure in the Li Brocade, which has been a tribute to the imperial court in history and has a high humanistic and artistic value.
In the thirteenth century, Huang Daobo went to Hainan Island to learn cotton spinning techniques from Li women, and brought Li textile technology back to Wunijing (now part of Shanghai) in Songjiang Province, and through innovation, created a set of tools for cotton removal, elastic cotton, spinning and weaving. In particular, the invention of the three-spindle spinning wheel, which was the most advanced spinning wheel in the world at that time. This has promoted the development of China's cotton textile industry. It has important historical, scientific and artistic value, and has an important position in the history of the development of China's textile industry
The hainan intangible cultural heritage projects are listed as of November 2020
1. Traditional spinning, dyeing, weaving and embroidery skills of the Li people
2. Danzhou tuning
3. Yazhou folk songs
4. Li folk songs
5. Hainan eight-tone instrumental music
6. Hainan Jai Gong Ke Yi Music
7. Li bamboo and wood instrumental music
8. Lingao fishing song
9. Hainan Miao folk songs
10. The Li people play firewood dance
11. Old ancient dance
12. Qiong Opera
13. Lingao puppet show
14. Hainan doll play
15. Hainan Zhai Opera
16. Hainan coconut carving
17. Flower art
18. Traditional Spinning, Dyeing, Weaving and Embroidery Techniques of the Li People (Li Jin)
19. Li bark cloth making skills
20. Li drilling wood for fire
21. Li primitive pottery making technology
22. Li clay clay pottery technology
23. Sea salt drying technology
24. Li boat-type house construction skills
25. Mrs. Sin believes in customs
26. Li "March 3" Festival
27. Li costumes
28. Haikou Tianhou worship
29. The South China Sea waterway is more extensive
30. Qiong Qiao Song
31. Li folk tales
32. The legend of the conch girl
33. Lingao fishing proverb
34. The Song of Li Congliu
35. Run dialect Li folk songs
36. Hainan military song
37. Danzhou Mountain Song
38. Song of The Curse
39. The Li dialect is long-tuned
40. Hainan village folk songs
41. Li Qianling double knife dance
42. Wenchang Trick Dance
43. Hainan Miao Dragon Dance
44. Hainan Rice Dance
45. The Li people dance together
46. Hainan Miao Panhuang Dance
47. Li mask dance
48. Hainan Tiger Dance
49. Hainan Qilin Dance
50. Li traditional sports and entertainment
51. Longtang carving art
52. Traditional charcoal portrait craftsmanship
53. Hainan shell carving
54. The traditional paper-cutting art of the Li people
55. Li bone making skills
56. Dongpo Kasa production technique
57. Li dry column construction skills
58. Traditional culture techniques of pearls in the South China Sea
59. Li Teng bamboo weaving technique
60. Li single-wood utensils making skills
61. Agarwood incense making technology
62. Hainan Huanghuali furniture production technology
63. Hou'an knife forging technology
64. Coconut beard making technique
65. Traditional fishing techniques in Hainan
Z (Shallow Sea Traditional Fishing Technique)
66. Qiong-style mooncake making technique
67. Lingao Guangchuan shipbuilding skills
68. Fukuyama coffee roasting and stir-frying technology
69. Li (unitary) wine brewing technology
70. Li ethnic spinning, dyeing, weaving and embroidery tools production technology
71. Indigenous sugar making technology
72. Hainan Miao traditional embroidery batik technique
73. Cooking technique of Hainan noodles
74. Wenchang chicken breeding and cooking skills
75, deer turtle wine said brewing technology
76. Li medicine
77. Pearl beauty and beauty
78. Fucheng Lantern Festival
79. Traditional Li wedding
80. The custom of the Li people to cross the water waist boat
81. Sanya Hui traditional wedding
82. Ritual of sacrificing brothers to go to sea
83. Hainan Dragon Boat Festival(Dragon Boat boat)
84. Hainan Spring Festival customs
85. Hainan Miao customs
Text/Hainan Cultural and Creative Research Institute