Source: Open the book Jiangxi
Danzhou Zhi'an: Nine Deaths In the Southern Wilderness I Don't Hate Zi Youqi is the best in life
Su Dongpo was ready to end his life in Huizhou. He had built the White Crane Hall, planted fruit trees in the orchard, and built wells, which had almost cost him all his savings. The eldest son, Su Mai, had already moved Su Guo and his family to Huizhou. He had long forgotten politics, and in Huizhou, he lived the usual life of accompanying his children and grandchildren, reading letters, and writing poetry with a pen.
The white head xiao was scattered with frost and wind, and the small pavilion vine bed was sick.
Mr. Report Mr. Spring Sleep is beautiful, and the Taoist people lightly hit the five more bells.
——Song SuShi, "Vertical Pen"
Su Dongpo forgot politics, but he never thought about it, and politics never forgot him. After this little poem reached the capital, when the chancellor Zhang Huan saw Su Dongpo's "spring sleep beauty" and said, "Oh! It turned out that Su Dongpo was very comfortable! Under a paper order, Su Dongpo was relegated to Danzhou, Hainan.
In 1097, accompanied by his son Su Guo, the 60-year-old Su Dongpo set off again, crossing the Leizhou Strait and entering Hainan from the sea.
"A certain old man has thrown himself into the wilderness, and there is no hope of resurrection." Haru and the eldest son, Mai Ti, have disposed of the aftermath. Now in Hainan, the first is used as a coffin, and the second is used as a tomb. He still has his hands loose with his sons, and when he dies, he is buried overseas, and he is not born in a coffin, and he does not help him when he dies, which is also the wind of the Dongpo family. ”
Su Dongpo traveled with the coffin and was ready to never return. He once again accepted the cruel arrangement of fate, with the body of old age and decay, to endure a life of upheaval and displacement, this time, it was the "end of the sky, the corner of the sea", and the barbaric land where "birds fly for half a year".
In July 1097, Su Dongpo arrived in Danzhou with his youngest son Su Guo.
Danzhou (present-day Danzhou City, Hainan Province), located in the northwest of Hainan Island, is surrounded by water, inhabited by people, snakes and beasts, and plague and malaria threaten people's lives at all times. Most of the local residents are Li people, who live by hunting and gathering, have no culture, cannot conquer, and do not get along well with outsiders.
Su Dongpo, who had just arrived in Danzhou, was warmly received by the county official Zhang Zhong, who did his best to settle Su Dongpo in an official house. The so-called official house is just an old house that leaks rain. The difficulties of life are everywhere, Su Dongpo wrote:
"There is no meat to eat here, no medicine for the disease, no room to live in, no friends out, no charcoal in winter, no cold spring in summer, but it is not easy to count, and the big rate is nothing." There is only one luck, and there is no miasma. ”
They hoped to destroy Su Dongpo's spirit through physical torture, but they had no choice but to su Dongpo. Soon, Su Dongpo began to adapt to life in Danzhou. In December of the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1098), Su Dongpo wrote in his diary:
Having thought about it, the heavens and the earth are in the water, Kyushu is in the Great Ying Sea, And China is in the Lesser Sea, who is not on the island? ......
He believes that the size of heaven and earth actually lies in your field of vision, when you stand high enough, in fact, the homeland of China is just an island surrounded by oceans and seas, and everyone lives on the island. If you are on Hainan Island, why should you think of leaving the island?
He began to settle down, in Danzhou, he did not sit in the official house, he arranged his daily life very full, he read Tao Yuanming, wrote letters to relatives and friends, and constantly wrote poetry. He also walked out the door and walked into the middle of the Li people, and his ancient road hot sausage and personality charm once again won the love of the Li people.
Su Dongpo did not know that behind this suffering exile, he inadvertently became a messenger to spread Chinese civilization, bringing the dawn of civilization to Danzhou, which is located on the political, economic and cultural edges.
Dig wells and make traditional Chinese medicines. In Danzhou, Su Shi found that the local people did not know how to sink wells to get water, but directly took the stagnant water from the salty beach to drink, so that they often fell ill because of the use of unclean water sources. Controlling water, this is what Su Dongpo is best at. Su Dongpo then went with his son Su and personally led the villagers to dig a well and take water to drink, and gradually, there were fewer people who were sick. Local residents also began to learn to dig wells for water. People were very grateful to Su Dongpo, so they named the well "Dongpo Well".
Due to the backward economy and poor culture of Danzhou, the locals are very superstitious. Especially when they are sick, they do not know how to actively treat, but often pretend to be ghosts and pray to the gods. Su Dongpo understood that this was a helpless move by the people of Danzhou who lacked medical treatment and medicine. To break this bad habit, it is necessary to prescribe a cure for the people. Therefore, Su Dongpo gave full play to his skills in rough medical skills, personally went to the countryside to collect medicines, conduct research on drugs, boil Chinese medicines, and prescribe prescriptions for the people to treat diseases. Su Dongpo uses local black beans to make Chinese medicine light tempeh, which can be used to clear heat and detoxify. This dual-use method of medicine and food has benefited the local people, who also learn to grow black beans, make tempeh, and eat tempeh, and are called "Dongpo black beans".
Reform vices and advocate reclamation. Su Shi not only changed the living habits of Danzhou people, he also helped Danzhou people from the era of barbaric hunting to the era of progressive farming. He personally wrote the poem "Six Songs of He Tao Persuasion and Agriculture", which was widely disseminated, and painstakingly persuaded the Compatriots of the Li nationality to change the way of life of "no wheat and no grain", to change the backward hunting habit of "chasing at night", to use the land, sunshine, and seeds gifted by nature, to unite and cooperate with his family, to attach importance to farming, to use tools, to reclaim wasteland, to plant rice, to raise livestock, and to live a stable and stable life, so that there is no need to live in a fixed place and no fixed number of food, and it will be "blessed forever".
Change the language, revitalize education. Su Dongpo became a noble guest and venerable guest of the Li people. In the exchange, the exchange of culture also deepened, Su Dongpo's Sichuan dialect made everyone feel fresh and interesting, people felt extremely honored to be able to speak Su Dongpo's Sichuan dialect, and Su Dongpo was also willing to teach his dialect to everyone. At the same time, he also led the gentlemen of the local private school to give lectures in the Sichuan dialect. As a result, Sichuan dialect became the standard language for Danzhou readers for a long time.
As a generation of literary heroes, Su Dongpo's greatest achievement in Hainan is to let Danzhou, a "barbaric land", radiate cultural light, he has cultivated a large number of talents for the local area, changed the status quo of education in Hainan, and made Danzhou, which is located in the barbaric wilderness, become the cultural center of the whole of Hainan at that time, and has since formed a tradition of respecting teachers and re-teaching. The wine hall built for him by the locals became his cultural lecture hall. Here, he taught and educated people, shouldering the heavy responsibility of spreading the seeds of culture, which was the highlight of his life. Without teaching materials, he made his own; without lecture notes, he wrote them himself, and he was completely immersed in the joy of teaching and educating people. According to historical records, Su Dongpo cultivated Jiang Tangzuo, the first person in Hainan's history, and Fu Qi, the first jinshi. After Su Dongpo, Hainan produced a total of twelve jinshi. It can be said that Su Dongpo is the enlightener of Hainan culture, which has played an important role in the enrichment, progress and development of Hainan culture, and Hainan culture has since been linked to the blood of Chinese culture, closely interdependent, resonant with the same frequency, and has made its own unique contribution to enriching Chinese culture.
Spiritually, Su Dongpo is rich. In today's Danzhou "Dongpo Academy", you can see the statue of Su Dongpo wearing a bucket hat and wearing clogs, which records a happy moment of Su Dongpo. It was a normal day, Su Dongpo drank a little wine, he wore a bucket clogs home, on the way full of excitement, could not help but chant poetry:
Half awake and half drunk, Zhu Li asked Zhu Li, and the bamboo thorn vines were confused step by step.
But the cattle are looking for a way back, and the home is in the cattle pen to the west.
—— Song Sushi, "Alone by Wine to Ziyun Weihui Xianjue Four Dawns House (Part 1)"
At this time, Su Shi was more like a naïve and simple teenager. After visiting his friends, he was half drunk and half awake, and when he returned, he mistakenly entered the bamboo thorn vine and lost his way. At this time, he was not alarmed or confused, he walked along the road with cow dung, although he was a little dizzy, Su Shi still remembered that his home was west of the cattle pen. Life sometimes gets lost, and you don't know where the future and home really are. But when you overcome your demons and regain your composure, you will find that even the cow dung under your feet is like a messenger guiding your direction, which will help you find your own direction step by step.
After three years of life on the island, political enemies did not see a depressed, weak and sick Su Dongpo. He is like a copper pea that cannot be knocked or hammered, still moving in the rhythm of his own life. Where you pass, flowers are everywhere, melons and fruits are fragrant and colorful.
In the first month of the third year of Yuan Fu (1100), Emperor Zhezong died, Emperor Huizong took the throne, and in February he granted amnesty to the world.
In May, the edict arrived in Hainan, and the 63-year-old Su Dongpo was transferred to Lianzhou, Guangxi.
On the way to cross the sea, he wrote a poem "Crossing the Sea on June 20":
The samson turned to three more, and the bitter rain was also relieved all day long.
Clouds scattered moon ming who embellished, heaven rong sea color ben clarified.
The empty Lu Shu took advantage of the meaning, and the rough regulus played the music.
Nine dead Southern Wilderness I do not hate, Ziyou Qi's crown is the best.
——Song Sushi, "Crossing the Sea on June 20"
Hainan was an adventure in his life. The night has passed, the bitter rain has stopped, and the sky is clear again. The moon was clear, the sea and the sky were clear, he remembered Confucius's desire to serve the country, and he heard the beautiful music of the Yellow Emperor. Although he died in the Southern Wilderness, he had no complaints or regrets.
Soon, his political enemy Zhang Huan was also relegated to Leizhou, just across the water from Hainan. Fate is full of irony.
In the early spring of 1101 AD, Su Dongpo crossed dayu ridge again, which was revisited after 7 years. Here, Su Dongpo once looked north to his homeland. The stream is babbling, the trees are full of birds, the clouds are swirling, the country and mountains are still the same, and things are not human.
Seven years of coming and going to I Ho Kan, and trying a spoonful of Cao Xi.
In the dream, it seems that he has moved overseas, and he does not feel that he has arrived in Jiangnan when he is drunk.
--Song SuShi, "Over the Ridge"
Rushing and drifting zero, it seems that it can be ended. The wind and dust along the way, the separation of a lifetime, it seems that this small poem can be understood.
After returning from the south to the north, Su Dongpo was still a servant of the wind and dust. He passed by the Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang, when Li Gonglin once painted a portrait for him on the wall of the Jinshan Temple, and the heroic poet in the portrait was still the same as he was then, and he was already in the sea, nine deaths, he sighed about the passing of the years, he recalled his life:
The heart is like a gray wood, and the body is like a boat that is not tied.
Ask Ru Pingsheng Gongye, Huangzhou Huizhou Danzhou.
——Song Sushi, "Self-titled Portrait of Jinshan"
This is Su Dongpo's summary of his life. The three most painful places for him have made the most glorious and splendid chapter of his life. The flowers of life born of suffering bloom with dazzling and enchanting brilliance.
In 1101, on the way back to the north, Su Shi died in Changzhou at the age of sixty-four. A great soul finally stopped the wandering of a lifetime, and he left a precious and rich spiritual and cultural heritage to the world, to China, and to the world.
Today, our pursuit of him is not only the pursuit of a great soul, but also an exploration of the spirit of the Chinese nation. The national spirit is concrete, shaped and led by the great souls of the Chinese nation over the past five thousand years, and it is full and thick and endless.
It is also a search for one's own life. After a thousand years, we still need to take his spiritual coordinates as a reference to constantly correct our spiritual deviation and our hearts are lost; we need to use his life beacon as a light to illuminate the black hole of life and disperse the smog of the sky; we need to pursue his lifelong pursuit to fight against the powerlessness and nothingness of life, and to give back to the endless natural universe and the vast sky with the endless fire of life.
For the excellent cultural inheritance of the Chinese nation, pay tribute to Su Gong!