Written by / Tu Yanping
Editor/ Liu Baohua
Design / Shi Yuchao
If the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is the first large-scale display stage for electric vehicles in the mainland, the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is a position for hydrogen energy to show its skills.
Whether it is the hydrogen fuel torch that appeared at the opening, or the hydrogen fuel vehicle that shuttles through the various competition venues, whether it is the hydrogen fuel cell power generation vehicle that provides green power supply for the venue, or the hydrogen energy drone that performs the power inspection task, this Winter Olympics is full of "hydrogen" elements.
According to the data released by the Beijing Winter Olympic Organizing Committee, the Winter Olympic Games will demonstrate the operation of more than 1,000 hydrogen fuel vehicles, which is the world's largest fuel cell vehicle demonstration.
The world's first high-pressure hydrogen storage torch
The fuel used in the olympic torches of previous Olympic games includes magnesium, natural resins, olive oil, propane, etc. The exception is the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, which used hydrogen as the main fuel source for the first time, but the relay flare used only part of hydrogen and more propane.
Following the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics used hydrogen as a torch fuel for the second time, and both the main torch and the domestic relay torch are fueled by hydrogen.
The flare "Flying" is the world's first high-pressure hydrogen storage torch, which uses the hydrogen energy technology of liquid rocket engines. Its core is gas cylinders, hydrogen control valves and burners from top to bottom, which are developed by the sixth academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, of which the control valves and burners are developed by 11 and the cylinders are developed by 101.
At the opening ceremony, there was no action of the main torch being lit, but two athletes inserted the last stick of the "flying" torch directly into the center of the main torch platform of the "Big Snowflake", and the "Big Snowflake" and "Flying" torches together formed the main torch.
According to the Aerospace Science and Technology Group, the last stick of the "flying" torch has two sets of combustion systems: one system is a hydrogen combustion system holding the torch, which is supplied by an internal hydrogen cylinder and is responsible for completing the torch relay action; the other system is connected to the executive mechanism above the Bird's Nest Stadium for the main torch show of the opening ceremony.
At the opening ceremony that day, the hydrogen fuel of the main torch was stored in a 35 megapascal hydrogen storage tank, which was fixed in an actuator and suspended by the WIA system in the 45-meter-high darkness of the Bird's Nest site. The hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank can be burned by the main torch for at least 8 hours.
Because the flame was pale blue and nearly transparent when the hydrogen burned, in order to allow the audience to see the flame, the development team installed a grille at the flare outlet and sprayed alkali metal on the surface. When the temperature reaches above 650 ° C, the color of the flame looks more obvious.
In addition, the shell of the "flying" torch is made of carbon fiber composite material developed by Sinopec's subsidiary Shanghai Petrochemical, which solves the problem of high temperature during hydrogen combustion.
On the night of the opening ceremony on February 4, after the main torch was lit, the torch platform located in the award square between the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube, as well as the torch platform in Zhangjiakou and Yanqing, were also lit in turn.
Among them, the hydrogen gas of the main torch is provided by Yanshan Petrochemical, a subsidiary of Sinopec, and the torch platform of the three divisions is provided by PetroChina. Moreover, the hydrogen used in the Prince City Torch Stand in Zhangjiakou is green hydrogen, which is also the first time in the history of the Winter Olympics that the torch was lit with green hydrogen.
It can be said that the torch of the Winter Olympics this time is a collection of the strength of the three central enterprises of aerospace science and technology group, PetroChina, and Sinopec to "fly" up.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Li Ning's torch burned consumed about 5,000 cubic meters of gas an hour, and the Bird's Nest was equipped with a gas station. The carbon emissions generated by the main torch of the Beijing Winter Olympics are only about 1/5000th of that in 2008.
There is no burning flame, and the little "micro-fire" of the hydrogen torch fully reflects the two Olympic concepts of science and technology and green.
More than 1,000 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
Before the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, three Daimler-Chrysler fuel cell buses began demonstration operations in the Zhongguancun area of Beijing, with a total length of 8.19 kilometers. This is the first fuel cell bus demonstration operation project in mainland China. In addition, 20 Passat-led hydrogen fuel cell cars provided by Shanghai Volkswagen also entered the Olympic service.
Daimler-Chrysler fuel cell bus, which was demonstrated and operated in Beijing in 2008
The 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics will invest more than 600 hydrogen energy vehicles, including 100 Toyota hydrogen buses and 500 MIRAI hydrogen-powered sedans.
Compared with the above two Olympic Games, the number of hydrogen fuel vehicles invested in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics has greatly increased, totaling more than 1,000, including 145 passenger cars, 749 buses and buses, and 107 welfare vehicles serving the disabled, involving Beiqi Foton, Toyota Motor, China FAW, Geely Commercial Vehicles, Yutong See, Suzhou Jinlong, Zhongtong Bus, Sinotruk and many other car companies.
According to Toyota China's official data, as the only automobile company in the global partner of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, Toyota has provided a total of 2205 cars during the Winter Olympics, most of which are FAW Toyota and GAC Toyota on sale, including hybrid vehicles, pure electric vehicles, etc., including 140 second-generation MIRAI and 105 Costa hydrogen engines.
Toyota 2nd generation MIRAI▼
Mirai is Toyota's first mass-produced hydrogen fuel cell model launched by Toyota in 2014, and has sold more than 10,000 vehicles in the world. The second generation of MIRAI was launched at the end of 2020, the power density is 1.5 times higher than the original generation, the quality and efficiency of hydrogen storage are increased by 5%, and this time it is used as an Olympic VIP car, which is also the first large-scale introduction to the Chinese market.
Toyota Costa Hydrogen Engine▼
The Costa Hydrogen Engine is specially designed and developed for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games, and operates as an athlete shuttle in Yanqing and Zhangjiakou areas. It is developed by Toyota China R&D Center and produced in Sichuan FAW Toyota,—— which is also the first time that Toyota Motor has realized the localization of hydrogen fuel cell technology from R&D to production overseas.
Beiqi Foton Ouhui BJ6122 hydrogen fuel bus▼
Beiqi Foton provided 515 hydrogen fuel buses, accounting for more than 60% of the hydrogen fuel buses that provide support for the Winter Olympics. Among them, Foton Ouhui BJ6122 hydrogen fuel bus mainly undertook part of the connection work in the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. According to Foton's official information, the car can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emitted per 100 kilometers by about 57.86 kg.
Yutong provided 185 hydrogen fuel buses to serve the Winter Olympics, including two types of buses and buses. According to its official information, the hydrogen refueling time of Yutong hydrogen fuel bus is 8-10 minutes, the driving range is more than 500 kilometers, and it can achieve low temperature start at -30 °C, and the hydrogen consumption of 100 kilometers is 4.3 kg.
80 sets of 12-meter Geely interstellar hydrogen fuel cell city buses developed and produced by Geely Sichuan Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd. were also put into Olympic service, consuming 6.5 kg of hydrogen per 100 kilometers.
China FAW Hongqi H5 fuel cell vehicle▼
China FAW supplied five Hongqi H5 fuel cell vehicles for the Winter Olympics service. The vehicle is equipped with a 50kW class fuel cell engine independently developed by FAW, with a maximum design speed of 160 km / h, a hydrogen consumption of 0.82 kg per 100 kilometers, a driving range of 520 km, and a low temperature start of -30 °C.
China National Heavy Duty Truck Yellow River X7 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Snow Wax Truck▼
China's first snow wax car with complete intellectual property rights- the Yellow River X7 hydrogen fuel cell snow wax car was also officially put into use.
In the past, the snow wax car was a blank space for domestic equipment, and the mainland ice and snow sports team participated in the competition and could only rent foreign vehicles or container-type board houses. Sinotruk Group and other enterprises have completed the development of snow wax vehicles in less than a year, not only have completely independent intellectual property rights, but also declared 81 patents and 24 technological breakthroughs, including 21 invention patents.
The snow wax car consists of a main car, an auxiliary car and a spare tractor head. The main car, Sinotruk's Yellow River X7 tractor, is powered by Weichai's hydrogen fuel cell system, and a new on-board photovoltaic power generation system has been customized.
COMAC hydrogen fuel cell drone▼
In addition, the first hydrogen fuel cell power generation vehicle independently developed by the State Grid provides green power for the National Speed Skating Hall, and comAC provides power inspection and capacity guarantee for the Winter Olympics with three hydrogen fuel cell drones.
Hydrogen production, storage and transportation
The Beijing Winter Olympics is also a concentrated military training for the preparation, storage, transportation and refueling of hydrogen.
In order to ensure that more than 1,000 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have sufficient hydrogen supply during the Olympic Games, energy companies such as PetroChina and Sinopec have equipped multiple hydrogen refueling stations in Beijing and Zhangjiakou.
The hydrogen produced by Sinopec's Yanshan Petrochemical supplies four Hydrogen Refueling Stations for the Winter Olympics - Beijing Qingyuan Street Hydrogen Refueling Station, Beijing Wangquanying Hydrogen Refueling Station, Beijing Yanhua Xinglong Oil Hydrogen Joint Construction Station, and Hebei Chongli Xiwanzi Hydrogen Refueling Station. From January 25, 2022 to February 10, 2022, Yanshan Petrochemical has accumulated 115 trucks of hydrogen and 27.2 tons of hydrogen.
According to the official news of Sinopec, on January 31, 2022, on the eve of the Beijing Winter Olympics, Yanshan Petrochemical also successfully passed the world's first "Low Carbon Hydrogen, Clean Hydrogen and Renewable Hydrogen Standards and Evaluations", becoming the first enterprise in China to obtain clean hydrogen certification.
PetroChina's North China Petrochemical Company completed and put into operation two sets of by-product hydrogen projects in less than 3 months ahead of schedule, and the product quality met the two certification standards of hydrogen for fuel cells and high-purity hydrogen.
PetroChina also built four hydrogen refueling stations for the Winter Olympics - Changping Futian Hydrogen Refueling Station, Jinlong Oil Hydrogen Joint Construction Station, Chongli North Refueling Hydrogen Refueling Station, and Chongli Prince City Service Area Hydrogen Refueling Station, with a hydrogen supply capacity of 5500 kg/day.
The State Power Investment Zhongguancun Yanqingyuan Hydrogen Energy Industrial Park Phase II project is expected to be filled with 10 tons of hydrogen during the Winter Olympics, and 735 refueling vehicles.
Shell's first commercial hydrogen project in China supplied about 50% of green hydrogen to fuel cell vehicles in Zhangjiakou during the Winter Olympics.
CIMC Hydrogen energy will provide more than 30 hydrogen tube bundle containers, more than 10 50MPa hydrogen storage cylinder sets and fully integrated hydrogen refueling station equipment for the Winter Olympic Games.
In addition, Beijing Huanyu Jinghui Gas, Haiper New Energy and other enterprises are also the hydrogen energy and transportation supply units of the Winter Olympics.
Hebei Chongli Sinopec Xiwanzi Hydrogen Refueling Station▼
Beijing has built 10 hydrogen refueling stations, and Zhangjiakou has built 7 hydrogen refueling stations. Because of the abundance of renewable energy, Zhangjiakou's wind and solar energy can be developed up to 85 million kilowatts, which can provide sufficient green power guarantee for electrolysis of water to hydrogen, and can realize the production of green hydrogen with green electricity.
Historical opportunities
On the eve of the Winter Olympics, in December 2021, two hydrogen fuel cell vehicle demonstration city clusters in Hebei and Henan were approved as national hydrogen fuel cell vehicle demonstration city clusters. Among them, the Hebei demonstration city cluster is led by Zhangjiakou.
Prior to this, in August 2021, the three demonstration city clusters of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Shanghai and Guangdong were selected as the first batch of national hydrogen fuel cell vehicle demonstration city clusters. Among them, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei demonstration city cluster is led by Beijing.
So far, the "3+2" pattern of the mainland hydrogen fuel cell vehicle demonstration city cluster has been formed.
During the 4-year demonstration period, the state will adopt the method of "awards in lieu of compensation" to carry out the demonstration and promotion of hydrogen fuel cells. If each demonstration city cluster completes the target during the demonstration period, the maximum reward for the promotion and application of fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen energy supply is 1.7 billion yuan, plus additional incentives, the upper limit is 1.87 billion yuan.
Immediately after the policy paved the way, the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games provided an excellent demonstration and promotion stage for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
From 2016 to 2021, the annual sales of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in mainland China will be 37, 1898, 1527, 2737, 1177 and 1586 respectively, with cumulative sales reaching 8962 vehicles, and the number of ownership is less than 10,000.
The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games opened a large-scale demonstration operation of new energy vehicles, and the sales of new energy vehicles in the mainland reached 2435 units that year. Subsequently, in 2009, the mainland opened a demonstration project for the promotion of thousands of new energy vehicles in ten cities. After more than ten years of hard work, in 2021, the annual sales of new energy vehicles in the mainland reached 3.52 million, achieving leapfrog development.
Now, the historical opportunity has come to the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.
In 2020, the continent announced to the world its commitment to achieve carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. In 2021, the "3+2" pattern of the mainland hydrogen fuel cell demonstration city cluster will be formed. In the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games, thousands of large-scale hydrogen fuel cell vehicles were put into operation.
Under the double carbon target, hydrogen energy as a new energy source will surely receive more attention, and the car is the top priority of hydrogen energy applications. Although the current penetration rate of hydrogen fuel vehicles in the mainland is less than 0.05%, the Winter Olympics have ushered in its best moment with the Winter Olympics.