At present, there are two main camps of new energy vehicles,
One is an electric car.
The other is hydrogen cars.
In 2021, the global sales volume of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be 16,000 units,
The number of units is nearly 50,000 units,
A total of 6.75 million electric vehicles were sold.
Hydrogen battery cars are similar to pure electric vehicles,
The difference is in the vehicle it carries
Not batteries, but hydrogen,
Hydrogen is used to react with oxygen in the air
Generates an electric current in driving the vehicle.
Hydrogen and oxygen react in a fuel cell to produce an electric current,
The only thing that ends up draining is water,
No noise or pollutants.
As with pure electric vehicles,
Hydrogen vehicles also have a fast start,
Smooth and quiet driving, comfortable driving and other characteristics,
There was also no pollution and noise,
The mechanical power structure is relatively simple,
The failure rate is also relatively low,
Easy to achieve intelligent and autonomous driving.
Compared to electric vehicles,
Hydrogen vehicles have two major advantages.
First, zero emissions, no pollution.
Although electric vehicles are also running with zero emissions,
But the current amount of power consumed
Most of them still come from thermal power generation.
And battery recycling can also cause secondary pollution.
But at this stage,
95% of the world's hydrogen is gray hydrogen,
The advantages of zero carbon emissions of hydrogen are not yet obvious.
But if blue hydrogen and green hydrogen are used,
Carbon emissions per kilometer during the phase of hydrogen vehicle use
Will drop to 41 grams and 0 grams.
If both electricity and hydrogen sources are renewable sources,
The carbon emissions of the car in the use stage are all zero.
Grey hydrogen is hydrogen produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, and there will be carbon dioxide emissions during the production process. Blue hydrogen, which can be produced from fossil fuels such as coal or natural gas, can capture, utilize and sequester carbon dioxide by-products (CCUS) during the preparation of blue hydrogen. Green hydrogen refers to the hydrogen obtained by decomposing water from renewable energy, which only produces water when it is burned, and achieves zero carbon dioxide emissions from the source.
What are grey, blue and green hydrogen?
Hydrogen fuel cells contain metallic platinum,
However, the recovery of platinum carbon catalysts is similar to that of automobile exhaust catalysts.
The entire recycling process is simple and easy to operate,
And the whole recycling process is pollution-free,
The recovery rate is as high as 85% or more.
The second is fast hydrogenation and long endurance.
The hydrogenation process of hydrogen vehicles is as fast as refueling,
The range is also longer.
Hydrogen fuel cells of the same volume
Much more energy denser than electric power batteries,
1kg of hydrogen will store 236 times more energy than lithium ions,
Therefore, it is necessary to have great advantages in endurance.
For example, participating in the service of this Beijing Winter Olympic Games
The hydrogen refueling time of hydrogen vehicles is also 8 minutes to 10 minutes.
Like Toyota's Mirai range
Can reach 700 km,
And previously released by Toyota
Fine-Comfort Ride concept car,
The cruising range is as high as 1,000 kilometers,
The endurance of electric vehicles is generally about four or five hundred kilometers.
Hydrogen energy in the future is a very important energy source.
Hydrogen vehicles are also the main hydrogen-using pathways in the future.
China plans to do so by 2025
More than 1,000 hydrogen refueling stations have been built,
Promote more than 54,000 hydrogen fuel vehicles,
At that time, the number of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will reach 100,000.
However, at present, the promotion of hydrogen energy vehicles faces many challenges.
The first is the process of hydrogen preparation,
By electrolysis of water
Hydrogen and oxygen can be obtained,
This is also a way of producing hydrogen,
However, in this way, the energy loss rate will reach 30%.
This is followed by hydrogen storage.
Because the hydrogen is very evenly distributed,
This makes him more difficult to compress than other gases.
Hydrogen is usually compressed into a liquid for storage.
But cooling and processing hydrogen requires a lot of energy,
This process results in a 40% energy loss.
It is simply the two processes of electrolysis and storage
It will give hydrogen energy to electric vehicles in terms of energy efficiency
Makes a big impact.
With current Tesla cars in use
Electric fuel technology is now compared to,
Best hydrogen fuel efficiency
Less than half of the electric fuel.
The current price of a hydrogen car
It is 2-3 times that of fuel vehicles,
1.5 to 2 times that of electric vehicles,
The main reason is that fuel cell engines are too expensive.
Only hydrogen fuel cells can be realized
Industrialization and mass production of key materials and components,
At the same time, the specific power of the stack is increased
It can greatly reduce the cost of fuel cell engines,
This in turn reduces the cost of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
In addition, the construction cost of the hydrogen refueling station
(Cost 12 million yuan to 15 million yuan per hydrogen refueling station)
and hydrogen refueling costs for hydrogen refueling stations
(Up to 60-80 yuan / kg)
They are also relatively high.
Only vigorous development
Preparation of green hydrogen by electrolyzing water from renewable energy,
The use of natural gas or pure hydrogen pipe network to transport hydrogen,
Reduce the cost of hydrogen refueling to less than 30 yuan per kilogram,
Operating costs of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
talent competes with electric vehicles.
Hydrogen energy transportation, storage, hydrogenation technology, etc.,
These aspects of technology need to be highly developed,
The problem is better solved,
In order to better promote the development of hydrogen energy vehicles.
For reasons such as these technical issues, security issues and costs,
At present, hydrogen energy vehicles do not have the ability to vigorously promote,
Lower cost electric powered cars
It has become the mainstream of the current development of new energy vehicles.
But hydrogen cars are also gradually breaking through these problems.
Various car companies have increased their investment
Promote the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and the commercialization of products,
For hydrogen fuel cell engines
High power, long life, high reliability, ultra-low temperature
Key core technical issues such as environmental adaptability are tackled.
At present, GAC, SAIC, Changan, Hongqi and other passenger car companies have successively released their own hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, such as GAC Trumpchi Aion LX Fuel Cell, SAIC MAXUS EUNIQ 7, Changan CS75 FCV, Hongqi H5 FCVE, etc.; Yutong Bus, Zhongtong Bus, Beiqi Foton, Geely Commercial Vehicle, Great Wall Weishi New Energy and other passenger truck companies have also developed hydrogen fuel cell buses and trucks.
Which car companies have launched hydrogen vehicles?
Swipe up to see references
[1] Can more environmentally friendly hydrogen vehicles become mainstream? [EB/OL]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1727457358663473417&wfr=spider&for=pc
[2] Real Engineering, Hydrogen Vehicle Energy Efficiency Data Report[R], 2021.
[3] EPA, Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles [EB/OL]. https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/hydrogen-fuel-cell-vehicles
[4] Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, "14th Five-Year Plan for Industrial Green Development"[R], 2021.
[5] Liu Yingdu,Guo Hongxia,Ouyang Xiaoping. Development status and future prospect of hydrogen fuel cell technology[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Science,2021,23(4):162-171.
[6] IEA, Hydrogen [EB/OL]. https://www.iea.org/reports/hydrogen
[7] IEA, Batteries and hydrogen technology: keys for a clean energy future [EB/OL]. https://www.iea.org/articles/batteries-and-hydrogen-technology-keys-for-a-clean-energy-future
China Urban Greenhouse Gas Working Group. Set of Greenhouse Gas Emission Coefficients for whole life cycle of Chinese products (2022)[R], Beijing: 2022.
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