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Birds are an important part of Chinese flower and bird painting, so what role do birds play in Chinese flower and bird painting? It can be roughly summarized into the following six functions:
First, the main role
Usually, in a painting of flowers and birds, the bird is the subject in the painting, and the position of the bird is the most conspicuous place to occupy the picture. That is to say, the bird is the protagonist in the painting, and it is also the expression of the painter's personality, the painter's spiritual characteristics are all dissolved in the brush and ink of this subject, and the flowers, plants, trees and stones are objects, which are used to set off the birds and play a role in setting off the clouds and the moon. In this way, the main body of the picture is more prominent and distinct, more extremely beautiful, which is the most common technique in most flower and bird painting works, and it is also the most acceptable form for people, which can be said to occupy the mainstream position in the development of flower and bird painting. In terms of composition, if the picture is divided into nine square grids, up and down the left and right four main painting eyes, then the position of the bird generally does not go outward (around) beyond these four painting eyes, at least not more than too much, if it deviates from the center, it is not called the subject.
Second, the role of finishing touch
With the development of flower and bird painting, in traditional flower and bird painting, as long as there are birds in the painting, the bird is the subject, this form has been increasingly unable to meet the needs of composition and modern aesthetic requirements. As a result, the role of birds in the painting also changed. Sometimes, the bird is the role of the finishing touch, in this case, flowers, trees and stones are the main body of the picture, but only these, the picture lacks a little vitality, if you add a few birds, the picture will be active. Such a small bird like a brilliant pearl attracts people's attention and arouses people's infinite reverie; such a small bird often becomes the highlight of the whole painting, and with this bright spot, the whole painting is illuminated. In this composition, because the bird is not the main body, the bird is generally relatively small, and does not occupy the most important position of the picture, only plays the role of the finishing touch, increasing the bird to make the whole picture of the aura flow, life flow. If you don't paint birds, the composition can also be true, but the picture can't feel the magical wonder.
Third, embellishment
In modern flower and bird painting, due to the complexity of the composition, many painters have adopted a "hidden" way when expressing birds, that is, painting birds in an inconspicuous position, when viewing works, if you do not read the whole painting, just sweep by, it is difficult to find the existence of birds, which is just like the survival of birds in nature, roost, when you get closer to find its existence, this deep curved connotation, the meaning of the method, often can create a virtual place to hide the gods, flowers attack the artistic realm. Such works are often closer to nature, derived from life and higher than life. It will only be discovered when you look closely at the work. The role of this bird is neither the theme nor the finishing touch, but only the embellishment of the picture, the role of the embellishment is to make the content of the picture more colorful, more in line with the reality of life, the bird and the picture melt together, more vivid and vivid.
Fourth, the role of rendering
Sometimes, the birds in the picture play a role in rendering the atmosphere and mood, a successful painting, sometimes directly related to the rendering of the atmosphere and mood, the atmosphere rendering can not only make the picture flexible, but also show the spiritual temperament of the painter, with the rendering, a certain aspect of the picture is more prominent, extraordinarily impressive, therefore, the rendering can strengthen the artistic image, highlight the characteristics of things, make the beautiful things more beautiful, make the painter's creative intention more distinct, to improve the artistry of flower and bird painting, this technique is worthy of our serious study.
For example, the crane in the Song Dynasty Zhao Tuo's work "Ruihe Picture Scroll" hovered over the main hall of the imperial palace, spreading its wings and flying high, dancing its wings in the air and hissing. The crane has the meaning of auspicious longevity in the legend, showing the mentality of Zhao Yao, the Emperor huizong of the Song Dynasty, who used this painting to wish the Song Dynasty a beautiful and auspicious and long-term peace and stability. The birds that render the role often reflect many subjective feelings of the author on the screen, there are many subjective artificial moods, like the crane in the "Crane Picture Volume", and many cranes in the "Song Crane Map", are the author's subjective arrangements, if according to the life rules of the crane, it is impossible to grow in these environments, the crane in nature, mainly growing in swamps and other wetlands, how can it live in the pine forest? This is the subjective need of the author, playing a role in rendering the atmosphere and mood, because Chinese painting breaks the concept of time and space in composition, this kind of work that does not fully conform to the natural growth habits of birds has always been recognized.
5. Symbolic role
The symbolic technique is "mysterious to reason, imagination to think of things'" (Qing. Ye Xie's "Original Poem"), that is, the painter experiences the subtle vitality dynamics of creating nature, and expresses it with vivid, expressive, concrete and perceptible images. The realm thus created is deep, philosophical, and partially sober, and the image of the bird created by the painter often conveys the painter's philosophical thinking and sober and profound feelings for social life. The bird in the painting is no longer a realistic and simple bird, but a bird with deep and rich ideological connotations and emotional connotations. As Mr. Zong Baihua said: "The spring color of a day is pinned on a few peach blossoms, two or three water birds, which reveals the infinite vitality of nature." ’’
Also in the creation of flower and bird paintings, there is also this situation, such as the flower and bird paintings of Zhu Yun (Bada Shanren) in the Qing Dynasty, and the painter uses the image of a bird to pin his thoughts and feelings. For example, the birds in many works of the Bada Shanren are white eyes looking at the sky, showing the author's dissatisfaction with the Manchu Qing regime.
Sixth, extraordinarithic effects
In the ancient Chinese painting theory, it is emphasized that a work should not only express a certain theme, have a certain connotation, but also have a certain extension, and sometimes the extension has far exceeded the picture, extending beyond the picture, reaching the realm of painting outside the painting and the image outside the image. As the early Qing Dynasty painter Zheng Zhongguang said: "Empty pictures are difficult to map, the real scene is clear and the empty scene is present, the god has no painting, the real scene is forced and the god realm is born, the position is incompatible, there are paintings are mostly warts, the virtual reality is born, and no painting is a wonderful situation." '''' Vivid charm envelops all things, and often is ethereal and traceless, so in the painting to rely on emptiness and flow to express, this is to stimulate people's imagination of the smart place, so the bird outside the image in the painting seems to be a real painting, but from such a bird's body let people imagine that the picture does not show more things, the work "Empty Valley Sound" (Wan Wei Minzuo), showing a bird that flaps its wings on the rock, the bird's gaze is staring ahead, chirping, the wings show the moment when it is ready to spread its wings and fly, It is as if it is alarmed by something around it, but the picture is a flowing waterfall and a quiet mountain, which is reminiscent of the factors outside the painting that alarm the birds, which is the painting outside the painting, that is, the extra-elephant role of the bird.
Similarly, the extra-elephant role is not only in flower and bird paintings, but also in landscape paintings, such as Qi Baishi's "Frog Sound Ten Miles Out of the Mountain Spring" picture does not show frogs, only some small tadpoles are painted in the stream, which immediately reminds people that there must be frogs nearby, and naturally there are frogs.
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