Read the Analects once a year (2022.5)

Ten lectures in the Analects

Comment on each passage of the original book, and give each quotation cluster class;

The large categories were sorted according to certain rules, so there was a new Analects.

The first lecture is a common encouragement

The Analects can be learned and used to enhance one's self-cultivation and to improve one's ability to treat others and things and to deal with the world.

Putting "common encouragement" in the first lecture, "encouragement" is the "encouragement" of encouragement, and "common encouragement" is that everyone works together.

Let's study the Analects together and practice the Analects together.

【Common Encouragement】【Zhi】

5.26 Yan Yuan, Ji Lu Shi. Zi Yue: "Each of the words of Erzhi? Zi Lu said: "May the carriage and horse clothes be light and light with friends, and we have no regrets." Yan Yuanyue said, "May there be no good deeds and no labor." Zi Lu said: "May I smell the will of the Son." Zi Yue: "The old man is safe, the friend believes, and the young man cherishes it." ”

The Analects use the word "侍" alone, which means that Confucius sits and the disciple stands.

Oh, he, 2 sounds, why not?

The car is the car, the horse is the horse, the clothes are the clothes, the fur is the fur, the light fur is also the fur, it is the better quality of the fur.

We, pierced.

Zilu's good friend, generous, willing to take out his car, horse, clothes, and fur to share with his friends, it doesn't matter if it is broken.

Cutting good, boasting about oneself (the merits);

Shi Lao, blow yourself (credit).

Yan Yuan was more concerned about his own cultivation, hoping to be able to do without boasting or boasting.

Confucius means that he hopes that the old people can get a stable life, friends can keep their vows with each other, young people can get care, each get what they want, and everyone is happy.

7.6 Zi Yue: "Aspiration to the Tao, according to virtue, according to benevolence, swimming in art." ”

"Tao" is what you aspire to pursue, "virtue" is the basis for your life, "benevolence" is your reliance on people, and you are at ease in the field of "art" in many aspects.

"Art" refers to skills or skills such as etiquette, music, archery, imperial court, books, and counting.

Confucius trained students, taking the Tao as the direction, taking virtue as the foothold, taking benevolence as the foundation, and taking the six arts as the cultivation realm, so that the students can get comprehensive development.

【Common Encouragement】

8.8 Zi Yue: "Flourish in poetry, stand in etiquette, and become happy." ”

Confucius believed that in order to become a gentleman, you should start with the "Poem", then learn the "Ritual", and finally learn the "Music". "Poetry", "Ritual", and "Music" are related to each other and rise layer by layer.

Boom, start.

Stand up, straighten out.

Success, achievement, perfection.

At that time, on ceremonial occasions, there was a wind of quoting poems, singing poems, and giving poems, and if you did not learn poetry, you could not speak on such occasions.

Etiquette, focusing on grooming and manners, every move, should be in line with gentlemanly demeanor.

In the ancient court, many ceremonies had musical accompaniment to set off the atmosphere and make people change colors.

The poem has a musical score, which was originally used to sing. Only chanting and not chanting, singing and singing with music. Gentlemen's etiquette should start with memorizing lyrics. Attend the ceremony and be good at non-ready-made random applications. Poetry and poetry should be implemented in songs. Lilly Lilly should be implemented in Lilly. In addition to the lyrics, there must be instrumental accompaniment, singing with the soundtrack, and even dancing with hands.

Confucius loved music, and he believed that the most touching and most human nature-changing thing was music, so music education was the highest level.

9.26 Zi Yue: "The three armies can seize the marshal, but the piaf cannot seize the will." ”

Three armies: 12,500 people are one army, and the three armies include all the armies of the great powers.

Piff: Ordinary people.

In the three armies, the commander may also be captured and killed. An ordinary person, as long as you can hold on to your beliefs, you can kill me, but you must not make me submit.

Human life is fragile, but man's psychology can be very strong; man's status may be very humble, but man's spirit can be very noble.

Hou Shi said: "The courage of the three armies lies in the people, and the ambition of the pifu lies in themselves." Therefore, the handsome can be seized but the ambition cannot be seized, and if it can be seized, it is not enough to be called the will. ”

6.19 Zi Yue: "The birth of man is also straight, and the life of innocence is also spared." ”

Reckless, not straight, the same as "wrong", indicates the meaning of bending.

Confucius said, "Man should stand upright, and a man of integrity will not mix too badly." People who are not upright can also survive, and some of them are still mixed well. Don't envy the unrighteous people who mix well, they mix well only by luck. ”

7.12 The Son said, "If you are rich, you can ask for it, and though you are a whipper, I will do the same." If you can't ask for it, take my favor. ”

Rich, is Lu, is the salary.

Seeking refers to the method that can be pursued in accordance with morality.

Confucius said, "If the money is in place, even if it is a petty official with a whip (a person who opens the way with a leather whip when a king, a marquis, or a person with a knighthood comes in and out), I am willing." "Where there is an official, there is a position, and if there is an official, there is an officer." Confucius wanted to enter the state organs and was not picky about the level of his post. What if you can't? I'll still do what I like to do.

7.16 Zi Yue: "Eat and drink, bend and sleep, and enjoy it." Unrighteous and rich and expensive, to me is like a floating cloud. ”

6.11 Zi Yue: "Kenya Huiya! A spoonful of food, a scoop of drink, in the dark alley. People are overwhelmed by their worries, and they will not change their happiness when they return. Hyun-jae back also! ”〗

Eating rice is eating coarse grains, which is the opposite of Confucius's "food is not boring".

Drinking water is drinking cold water. Hot water is called "soup" and cool water is called "water".

The gigabiter [gōng] and the pillow, the humerus is the upper arm, the fingers bend the arm, and the head rests on it. Replace the pillow with your arms and go to sleep together.

This chapter is about poverty, and the specific manifestations of poverty are: eating, drinking, and living.

A gentleman loves the rich, but he also wants to be noble, and he must have a way to take it. If it is ill-gotten wealth, or if it is expensive to be obtained through unjust means, those are floating clouds for me.

Cheng Zi said: "Non-lele loose food and drinking, although sparse food and water, can not change their happiness also." ”

7.36 Zi Yue: "Luxury is not grandchildren, and frugality is solid." Instead of not being sun-eyed, Ning Gu. ”

Humility, humility, and deference mean. Not inferior, is to kick the nose on the face, to get inching forward, God first, Lao Tzu second.

Solid, is short-sighted (too pragmatic, more realistic), stingy.

Extravagance is lost, thrift is also lost, it is not good. But compared to the two aspects are not good, it is better to be stingy than to be rampant. Stinginess can also defend itself, rampant is easy to forget the form, forget the form may invite disasters.

8.11 Zi Yue: "If there is the beauty of Zhou Gong's talent, it will make you proud and stingy, and the rest will not be enough." ”

"Zhou Gong" means Zhou Gongdan.

MAKE: Suppose.

View: Appreciate and praise.

Confucius said that even if there is such talent and virtue as Zhou Gong, if there is a problem of arrogance and miserliness, no matter how many advantages there are, they will not be able to see the eye.

"Frugality" and "stinginess" are different, frugality has shortcomings, but stinginess itself is a defect.

9.17 Zi Kawakami said: "The deceased is like a sif, who does not give up day and night!" ”

Confucius sighed near the river, which river is specific, big river or small river, do not need to be carefully investigated.

Time is like flowing water, it does not stop day and night.

Confucius probably also wanted to learn from the flowing water, the spirit of "not giving up day and night" of the flowing water.

9.19 Zi Yue: "For example, for the mountain, it has not become a basket, stop, I stop it." For example, the flat earth, although covered with a basket, enter, I also go. ”

The basket is the basket that carries the soil.

Go, stick to it, keep going.

Confucius said: "For example, if you want to pile up a mountain of soil, you will send a basket of soil, and if you stop, this mountain is not piled up." Even on the flat ground, although a basket of soil has just been poured, as long as it persists and does not stop, this mountain can be piled up. ”

Advance and retreat by yourself, not because of yourself, and do it because of yourself.

9.28 Zi Yue: "Years cold, and then know the pine cypress after Yuya." ”

There is a similar saying in "Xunzi": The age is not cold and there is no way to know the pine cypress, and it is not difficult to know the gentleman.

Of the twenty-four solar terms, the last two are "Little Cold" and "Big Cold." Cold years, that is, the coldest time of the year.

彫 (also text as "carving"), with "wither", means falling leaves.

Does the pine fall leaves? Qian Mu said: "The pine cypress is not without withering, but after it has withered, the old leaves have not been abandoned, and the new leaves have sprouted, although they have not withered." ”

But Confucius was a man of letters, he was not a scientist, he had no interest in "lattice objects", he meant nothing more than, you see, when it is the coldest time, other leaves have long since fallen out, and only then can the character of pine and cypress be seen. There is a contrast, there is a high.

Fan Shi said: "The villain is ruling the world, or no different from a gentleman." But in the face of the stakes, in the event of events, then the gentleman's keeps are also visible. ”

Xie Shiyi: "The poor see righteousness, and the world is chaotic and loyal." If you want to be a scholar, you must be thoughtful. ”