As we all know, Nanyang ancient name "Wan", is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Henan Province, located in the southwest of Henan Province, the junction of Henan Province, Henan, Hubei and Shaanxi Provinces, because it is located south of Funiu Mountain and north of Hanshui. Nanyang is a national historical and cultural city, with a history of more than 2,700 years of founding, is an important birthplace of Chu and Han culture, Three Gu Maolu, Pangu mythology, cowherd weaver girl and other allusions or legends originated from here. Nanyang has a long history, as early as 50 or 60 years ago, there were humans here to breed and live, about 5000 or 6000 years ago, Nanyang appeared villages and houses, resulting in agriculture, animal husbandry and pottery and other handicrafts. The Shang Dynasty was "Nanxiang", with the states of Xie, Chu, and Deng; in the Western Zhou, Nanyang had the states of Shen, Lü, Chu, and Deng. During the Qin Dynasty, Nanyang County was set up as one of the 36 counties in the country; the Han Dynasty still set Nanyang County, which was one of the six major cities in the country. Located in the Huangshan ruins of Nanyang, Henan, a high-grade clan cemetery was found, is the tomb owner the Yellow Emperor?
The Huangshan ruins are located on the west bank of the Baihe River in Huangshan Village, North of Nanyang City, distributed on a small hill 27 meters above the ground, with an east-west length of 600 meters, a north-south width of 500 meters, and an area of 300,000 square meters. In the late 1950s, in order to cooperate with the construction of the Jiaozhi Railway, the henan provincial cultural bureau team conducted a test excavation in parts of the site. The trial excavation covers an area of about 1600 square meters, found 3 house foundations and 57 tombs, and unearthed a wealth of various cultural relics, including pottery, bone tools, stone tools, jade and nearly 200 pieces. The excavations reflect the characteristics of Yangshao culture, both Qujialing and Longshan cultural nature, of which five stone tools have been identified by experts as Dushan jade products, which are the earliest jade products in the Central Plains, about 5000 to 6000 years old, and a jade shovel excavated is called "China's first shovel". Later, the Huangshan site was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit, and the archaeological excavation work was temporarily ended.
In 2018, with the approval of the national cultural relics, the Henan Institute of Archaeology and the Nanyang Cultural Relics Department jointly conducted the second archaeological excavation of the Huangshan site, and the archaeological excavation caused a sensation in the entire cultural relics circle. The archaeological excavation is more difficult, and the tomb spans from the pre-Qin period to the Neolithic era. Archaeologists found 24 tombs, dating from carbon 14 years ago to about 5,000 years ago, belonging to the Qujialing culture period, and these tombs are in a consistent direction and orderly arrangement. Experts said that the level of the site is quite high, and it is the earliest level of Qujialing culture period cemetery found in the Hanshui River Basin, of which M18 is the most important. Tomb M18 unearthed a skeleton, about 165 centimeters tall, holding a bow and arrow in his left hand, a Dushan jade jade jade in his right hand, and 18 adult pig mandibles on his feet. It should be known that in ancient times, pigs were an important sacrifice used for sacrifice, and the appearance of pig mandibles shows that the tomb owner had strong financial resources during his lifetime.
The most important artifact unearthed from Tomb M18 is the jade, which represents a symbol of power, which is polished by a single jade in the shape of a "wind", with a folding blade at the top and a circular drill hole at the top. The jade is an important ceremonial vessel in the Neolithic period and even the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and is also a ceremonial jade that combines royal power and military power. Combined with the posture of the tomb owner's remains when they were excavated, as well as the discovery of pig mandibles, it is proved that the tomb owner was the leader of the settlement at that time, and the local folk called "Great King" before the excavation of the tomb. The archaeological excavation found the remains of the workshop workshop, and unearthed a number of jade, pottery, bone and other cultural relics, filling the gap of the Neolithic jade workshop in the Central Plains. Tomb M18 is a site of a central Neolithic settlement with a unified burial and unified plan, and the owner of Tomb M18 has power, force and wealth in front of him, so experts speculate that he is the leader of the Huangshan settlement.
Around the Huangshan site, archaeologists have found a near-ring water system formed by the confluence of four ancient rivers and a wide white river beach, and experts have deduced that these rivers were likely to be trenches in the Yuan Dynasty, and in ancient times, trenches were defensive measures on the outskirts of the city. The Huangshan site is in a critical stage of the formation of the Chinese nation, and experts judge that this is most likely the "capital city" of the Yellow Emperor period, and some experts even speculate that the owner of the M18 tomb is the first generation of Tianzi Yellow Emperor. The excavation is rich in cultural relics, and the time span of the site is very long, from the Pei Ligang culture, Yangshao culture, Qujialing culture to Longshan culture. The Nanyang Huangshan Site, with its large area and deep cultural accumulation, is a large-scale site in the Nanyang Basin in the Neolithic Era, which is of great significance to the study of cultural exchanges between the north and south of the mainland and the origin of civilization.