Searching for roots, ask the ancestors to explore Hedong
Thoughts and suggestions on "History and Culture of Hedong"
Li Zhaoyang, deputy secretary of the Hejin Municipal CPC Committee
Yuncheng was called "Hedong" in ancient times, named after the "City of Salt Transport", and is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization. The ancestors of the Chinese nation, the Yellow Emperor, Xuan You, Yao, Shun, and Yu, all successively moved on the land of Hedong. In Chinese history, the Hedong region has always been the core area of Chinese civilization. History is the carrier of culture, and culture is the bloodline of history. Chinese culture has accumulated the deepest spiritual pursuit of the Chinese nation, contains the most fundamental spiritual genes of the Chinese nation, represents the unique spiritual identity of the Chinese nation, and is the rich nourishment of the Chinese nation's endless development and growth.
Yuncheng has a profound historical and cultural heritage, a long history, and has made great contributions to the formation and development of Chinese civilization. In 2006, when it was rated as one of the top ten charming cities in China by CCTV, the famous scholar Yi Zhongtian wrote in the award speech: "Shungeng Lishan, Yu Chisel Longmen, Changzu Silkworm Breeding, Hou Ji Jia Yong." Chinese culture sways all the way from here, through the Han wind and Tang rain, experience the Song Yun Yuansheng, the Yongle Palace laughs about the past and the past, and the Stork Tower overlooks the Three Jin Dynasty. Here is the theme park of five thousand years of civilization, and the loyalty and integrity of Guan Gong is the city's long-standing humanistic spirit. The root of China, the state of integrity, the city of great luck - Shanxi Yuncheng. ”
In the new era, under the strong leadership of the municipal party committee and the municipal government, the people of the whole city have striven to start a new journey of comprehensive socialist modernization in Yuncheng, and have deeply excavated and studied, inherited and carried forward the excellent history and culture of Hedong, which still has very important practical significance and far-reaching historical significance. The author believes that the excellent history and culture of Yuncheng can be roughly divided into ancient human culture, farming source culture, Yellow River ancestral culture, religious belief culture, Hedong folk culture and Red Revolution culture. In order to be easy for everyone to understand and accept, it is briefly summarized as "one ape and one fire crown Huaxia, one lake, one ancestral hall, one Pei family, one river, one temple, two Simas, one mountain, one palace, ten temples, one floor, one courtyard, one saint, one cave and one city famous in the world".
First, the ancient culture of mankind
Ancient Hedong, rich in remains. The Hedong region, represented by Yuncheng, has undertaken the important tasks of many key links in the evolution of human civilization and participated in the development process of the gradual formation of early human social forms. From the "Century Dawn Ape" 45 million years ago, to the Xihoudu culture 1.8 million years ago, to the 600,000-year-old Huihe culture, and then to the Dongxiafeng culture 4,000 years ago, the ancient civilization of the Hedong region has continued continuously. Along the way, it can be said that this is the "straight root" of Chinese civilization.
The ancient culture of mankind, we use "one ape and one fire crown Huaxia" to summarize.
The so-called "one ape" refers to the fact that in 1994, Chinese and American scientists found many ape fossils with the characteristics of higher primates in Zhaili Village on the north bank of the Yellow River in Yuanqu County, and named it "Century Dawn Ape". The so-called Akebono means "the dawn of the suborder Apes". Scientists believe that the Yuanqu "Century Akebono" is the world's first ape-like animal, and is the common ancestor of all the advanced primates --- humans and their close relatives apes and monkeys that live on the earth in modern times. "Akebono" lived 45 million years ago and is the earliest primate ever discovered by humans. The discovery of the "Century Akebono" overturned the thesis that "humans originated in Africa" and pushed forward the emergence of great apes by more than 10 million years.
The so-called "one fire" refers to the traces of human use of fire found on the Xihoudu cultural site in Ruicheng County, which is at least 1.8 million years old. In 1961 and 1962, the Shanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Working Committee conducted two excavations near xihoudu village, unearthing a large number of stone tools and animal fossils, and the paleomagnetism date is 1.8 million years ago. Ruicheng Xihoudu used the sacred flame to illuminate the long night of human evolution, created a precedent for human beings to use fire, and pushed forward the time of human use of fire for more than 1 million years, so far there is no precedent in the world. Therefore, the Site of Xihoudu is the earliest known place for human use of fire in the world, the source of the fire of human civilization, and the cradle of Chinese civilization. On March 28, 2019, the flame of the Second National Youth Games was successfully collected in the Xihoudu Ruins Sacred Flame Park. The Zorrib river site group, not far from Xihoudu, belongs to the early Pleistocene period, which is about 600,000 years old. A large number of stone tools unearthed here prove that humans at that time lived a life of equal emphasis on gathering and hunting. At the same time, the Kouhe culture was presented as a group, indicating that there was already a large primitive population at that time.
Why is it said to be "Guanhuaxia"? Of course, it is not arrogant, we have 102 state security units in Yuncheng, ranking first among all prefecture-level cities in the country. In recent years, famous archaeologists Mr. Su Bingqi and Mr. Liu Qimin have proposed that the word "China" originally referred to the area of Southern Jin, and they concluded that the ancient Xia was a Chinese person, and China was Jizhou, and Jizhou was China. These rich and detailed cultural relics, archaeological achievements, and expert judgments fully prove that Yuncheng is the birthplace of Chinese civilization with Yao Shunyu as the core and the important birthplace of "ancient Chinese" civilization, providing us with a scientific theoretical basis and factual basis for carrying forward the Yao Shunyu culture and building the ancient culture of mankind.
Second, the source culture of farming
Farming is the source of food and clothing, and the root of human civilization. Farming culture is one of the earliest cultures in the world, one of the cultures with the greatest influence on mankind, and the core of the local culture of traditional Farming Areas in China. As the birthplace of farming culture, Yuncheng has a rich connotation of farming culture. For example, "Spring rain shocks spring and clear valley days, summer is full of summer and summer are connected, autumn dew and autumn frost falls, winter snow and snow and winter are small and cold", which is a popular folk twenty-four solar terms song, which was first summarized and refined by the ancient Chinese Hedong ancestors in the Yellow River Basin in long-term production and life practice, and is also the earliest cultural symbol of the Chinese national farming civilization.
The source culture of farming, we use "one lake, one ancestral hall and one Pei family" to summarize.
"One lake" refers to the Yuncheng Salt Lake, also known as "Salt Pond", "Salt Salt" and "Silver Lake", formed 70 million years ago, about 30 kilometers long, about 3 kilometers wide - 5 kilometers, with a total area of 132 square kilometers, is one of the world's three largest sodium sulfate inland salt lakes. Hedong salt and Hedong pond salt culture, has a long history. Ancient Chinese civilization arose in The Salt Pond in Hedong, and the natural crystallization of Yuncheng Salt, or a little processing, is a finished product, so it has become the most important salt production area in ancient Chinese society. The wars of various primitive tribes for the resources of Yuncheng Salt Pond have been endless, and from the deep-seated reasons, the most famous battle between the Yellow Emperor and Xuan you in history is the battle for survival caused by the struggle for yuncheng salt resources. After the Yellow Emperor, Yao, Shun, and Yu all built capitals in the Hedong region, and the Yao capital Pingyang, the Shundu Pusaka, and the Yudu Anyi were all near the Yuncheng Yanchi. The Japanese scholar Miyazaki Ichisei pointed out after inspecting the Yuncheng Salt Pond: "The oldest civilization in China actually flourished near the Hedong Salt Pond. The role played by Hedong salt in the history of the development of Chinese civilization is of great importance and decisive importance.
Yuncheng is prosperous because of salt, and built because of salt. As a salt city, it is the only one in the country. "Salt", is the special name of Yuncheng salt pond, in the ancient times of low productivity, Hedong pond salt became people's daily food, sacrifice tribute, currency substitutes, military supplies, is an important source of national revenue. In the Tang Dynasty, the income of Yuncheng Salt once accounted for one-eighth of the country's tax revenue, and was regarded as the "great treasure of the country" by successive rulers, and was protected and valued. In the history of thousands of years, several emperors such as Emperor Hancheng, Emperor Zhang of Han, Emperor Taizong of Tang, and Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty have all visited in person, and bao Zheng, Ouyang Xiu, Nian Qianyao and other important eunuchs of the past dynasties have also been stationed and operated here, attracting endless tourists to visit.
"One Ancestral Hall" refers to the Wanrong Hou Tu Ancestral Hall, Hou Tu is also known as Hou Tu Huang Di Qi, Di Mu Yuan Jun, Hou Tu Niangniang, legend has it that she holds yin and yang, nourishes all things, and is known as the Mother earth. Houtu Ancestral Hall is a shrine built specifically for the worship of our lady of Houtu, and is known as the "ancestor of the Hainei Ancestral Temple". The Houtu Ancestral Hall contains the deepest roots and the most ancient source of the Chinese nation, is the link between the historical and cultural complexes of the Chinese people around the world, is an important genealogical basis for the cultural genes of the Chinese nation, and is also the reason for the establishment of the Temple of Earth in Beijing today. Although the existing Houtu Ancestral Hall is not as spectacular as it was in the Tang and Song dynasties, its layout is rigorous and complete, and it is still the crown of the largest Houtu Ancestral Temple in China. According to historical records, from the Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor "sweeping the ground here for the altar sacrifice" to the Song Zhenzong Emperor, there have been 8 Yellow Emperors who have sacrificed here 24 times. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made 8 visits to Hedong, and he came here 7 times to sacrifice, and left behind the ancient song "Autumn Wind Words". The Autumn Wind Tower, named after the "Autumn Wind Monument" of emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, still exists in the historical site, and the existing structure was built by the Ming Dynasty. The 2020 Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival Post-Soil Sacrifice Cultural Ceremony was held at the Houtu Ancestral Hall in Wanrong County, praying for the well-being of the people, the prosperity of the country, the security of the four seas, and the same world.
"Yi Pei Family" refers to the Wenxi Pei family, which is a long-standing family in the history of Chinese feudal society. From the Zhou Qin to the Ming and Qing dynasties, in the past two thousand years, the prosperity of its family figures and the prosperity of its moral articles have been unique in Chinese and foreign history, so there is a saying that "there is no two Pei in the world". According to the statistics of the "Pei Family Genealogy", there are more than 600 people in the Zhengshi Lichuan and the listers; there have been 59 prime ministers, 59 great generals, 14 Zhongshu Shilang, 55 Shangshu, 44 Shilang, 11 Chang Shi, 10 Yushi envoys, 25 Jiedu envoys, observation envoys, and defense envoys, 211 assassins, 77 Taishou people, and more than 3,000 officials above the seven pins. In various academic fields, the outstanding achievements of the Pei family are even more brilliant, shining in the past and the present, and the list goes on. For example, the Western Jin Dynasty scientist Pei Xiu, the "Three Pei of Historiography" - Pei Songzhi, Pei Xiao, Pei Ziye, the famous ministers of the early Tang Dynasty, Pei Xingjian, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, Pei Du, and so on, are still talked about by people today.
In addition, representative cultural holy places such as the Tomb of Emperor Shun, the Tomb of Emperor Shun, and the Ancestral Temple of Fu Shuo, which are entrusted to our ancestors' culture, and the beautiful legends closely related to agriculture such as "Silkworm Raising by Ancestors", "Hou Ji Jia", "Shun Geng Lishan", "Yellow Emperor Zhan Xuan You" and so on have occurred in Yuncheng. In 1926, presided over by archaeologist Li Ji, a Neolithic cultural site was found in a highland in Xiyin Village, Weiguo Township, Xia County, Yuncheng City, and the excavated cultural relics included "half a specimen of a silkworm cocoon cut down by hand", which was considered to be the old ancestor of silkworms after research and analysis. It is said that this half of the cocoon is now stored in the Palace Museum in Taiwan. Since then, the Yuncheng area has been considered to be the origin of artificial silkworm breeding in northern China before the Xia Dynasty. This excavation and discovery also confirms the legend of the ancestors raising silkworms.
Secondly, more than 200 idiomatic allusions such as cold lips and dead teeth, thinking of danger in peace, knotting grass rings, cutting strands and fengjun, respecting each other, scraping bones and curing poisons all occurred in Yuncheng. In Yuncheng, there are Jishan Jiwang Temple, silkworm mulberry silk has the ruins of Xia County's ancestors; Zhishui Xingli has Nüwa, Dayu, Ximen Leopard, Li Bing, etc.; Pujin ruins have yellow river iron cattle; the founding of the city has Pusaka City; and the origin of Jin Shang has Yidun City. Historical and cultural celebrities include one of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Wengong, Jin GuoxianChen Jiezi Tui, Confucius Gaozu Bu Zixia, Wei Wenhou, the head of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, Zhang Yi, the thinker Xun Quan of the Warring States period, Guan Yu, a famous general of the Three Kingdoms, Lady Wei, a famous female calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a famous female calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Jianwu Shangshulang of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Guo Pu, a literary scholar, Xue Daoheng, an educator and thinker of the Sui Dynasty, Wang Tong, a literary scholar of the Early Tang Dynasty, Wang Ji and Wang Bo, a famous poet of the Sheng Tang Dynasty, Wang Zhizhuo and Wang Wei, a politician and writer of the Middle Tang Dynasty, And One of the "Four Beauties", Yang Yuhuan, The famous Tang Dynasty generals Zhang Shoujue, Xue Rengui, the Northern Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang, the Southern Song Dynasty painter Yan Yuanming, the Yuan Dynasty opera composer Guan Hanqing, the ancestor of the Shape Yi Fist Ji Jike, the founder of the Hedong School Xue Xuan, Yang Shenxiu, one of the "Six Gentlemen of Pengshu", Pei Du of Pinghuaixi, Zhao Ding, the nemesis of Qin Juniper, Pei Xingjian, who was loyal to the country and guarded the border, li Yukui, a national hero, and so on, all of whom added more agricultural culture to Yuncheng.
In the history of thousands of years, the endless outstanding figures of Hedong have made extraordinary achievements in Chinese history, and together with the talents of all parts of the country, they have made great contributions to the development of Chinese civilization. Looking back at history, so many Hedong celebrities and famous events have left a deep mark on Chinese history.
Third, the yellow river roots of ancestral culture
Li Bai has a poem "The water of the Yellow River rises from the sky, rushing to the sea and never returning", which has become the symbol of our Chinese nation, and has also bred the deep heritage of the ancestors of Yuncheng Huaxia, the roots of Yanhuang, and the foundation of China, and has become an important genealogical basis for Chinese cultural genes. In the land of Yuncheng, we can most intuitively understand Chinese culture, perceive the origin of Chinese civilization, and touch the cultural relics of life and reproduction and the establishment of the capital left by the ancestors of Chinese humanities, such as Fuxi, Nuwa, Yandi, Huangdi, Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Xia Yu, etc.
The ancestral culture of the Yellow River, we use "one river, one temple and two Sima to summarize" to summarize.
"Yihe" refers to the Yellow River, as well as its tributaries, the Fenhe and Shuishui rivers. The Yellow River flows through 8 counties (cities) in Yuncheng, and from the map, it is in the embrace of the Mother River, which nourishes this treasure of feng shui and gives birth to a thick Yellow River ancestral culture. As a mother river, it gives us Hedong a broad mind, thick quality, and tenacious perseverance. With her unremitting spirit for thousands of years, she not only brought yuncheng historical legends and cultural heritages such as Yuyue Longmen, Bole Soma, Qin and Jinzhihao, but also preserved famous ferries such as Yumen gate, Pujindu, Fenglingdu, Dayudu, Maojindu and other famous ferries for Yuncheng, and gave birth to the largest wetland nature reserve in North China, Shengtian Lake, covering an area of 1.197 million mu, known as "the paradise where white swans inhabit".
"One Temple" refers to the Salt Lake Pond Temple, which is an important Chinese folk belief. The Pond Temple is a shrine dedicated to the Pond God Sect, which worships the god of nature, and is a temple that praises and worships nature. Legend has it that when Emperor Shun traveled around the country to inspect the people's feelings, he came to this place, saw this vast silver sea, and the scene of lishui falling beads, and sighed with great emotion, so he sat here, stroked the five-stringed violin in his hand, and sang affectionately: The south wind of the lavender, can fu the people's sorrow; when the south wind is blowing, it can fu the wealth of the people. The world's Mingde began with Yu Shun. Therefore, "Shun is the son of heaven, plays the sound of the five pianos, sings the poem of "South Wind" and the great rule of the world" is the source of the pre-Qin people's original thought. There are 17 existing Yuan, Ming and Qing stele in the temple, which record the construction of the temple at that time. In the pond temple, the "three gods" (sun god, wind god, and pool god) are enshrined, which fully demonstrates the origin of "ancient China", Chinese ancestors and earth.
The "two Simas" refer to the two Simas of the Han and Song Dynasties in the field of historiography, one is Sima Qian, who was awarded the title of "Father of World History" by the United Nations by the United Nations for compiling the "Records of History"; the other is Sima Guang, a Northern Song Dynasty politician who presided over the compilation of the "Zizhi Tongjian" in Xia County. The "History" is the first systematic large-scale document collation in the history of the mainland, with a total of 130 volumes, and the historical limits recorded are broken, from the legendary Yellow Emperor to the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Mr. Lu Xun once commented that "Shi Ji" is "the best song of historians, the departure of rhyme without rhyme", which has completed the high degree of unity between historiography and literature. The Zizhi Tongjian is a 294-volume book, about 3 million words, and the historical gap is 23 years from king Weilie of Zhou to six years after Zhou Xiande, spanning 16 dynasties in China, recording the history of 1362 years. Since its writing, successive emperors and generals, literati and dignitaries from all walks of life have been competing to read it. Two masterpieces of historiography have provided valuable assets for mainland historiography.
4. Religious beliefs and customs culture
The core of the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism is the essence of traditional Chinese culture. The Confucian culture of Yuncheng has a long history, from Yao Shun Zen Rang to Buzi Xiaxi River To Wang Tonghe Fen, and Xue Xuan to found the Hedong School. Taoist culture, on the other hand, is represented by Lü Dongbin, and all of this is distributed around this area.
Religion, belief and culture, we use "one mountain, one palace and ten temples" to summarize.
"Yishan" refers to Zhongtiao Mountain, located in the south of Shanxi Province, spanning the three cities of Linfen, Yuncheng and Jincheng, between the Taihang Mountains and Huashan Mountains, the mountain is narrow and long, so it is called Zhongtiao. Distributed in Wulaofeng, Shouyang Mountain, Xuehua Mountain, Alexandria, Jiufeng Mountain, Baiti Mountain and other natural scenic spots, it is the early spread of Heluo culture and one of the birthplaces of the Northern Taoist Quanzhen School, and Yao, Shun, Yu and Tang were all active here in history. Northern Wei Li Daoyuan wrote in the "Notes on the Water Classics": "Qifeng Xiaju, lone peak marked, cover the table of springs, cuibai shade peak, Qingquan empowerment". Known as the "Shanxi Natural Botanical Garden", the temperature is suitable, the rainfall is abundant, and the natural conditions are superior. Historians call it: "Nine points of salt under the world", who can occupy here, means who can grasp the lifeblood of the world. The beautiful natural environment, the jungle landscape of Xiujia, and the rich variety of animals and plants have always been known as the "treasure house of animal and plant resources in North China". Zhongtiao Mountain Forest Park is an ideal cultural tourism resort with beautiful landscapes, dense jungles, layers of mountains and strange landscapes.
"Yigong" refers to the Yongle Palace of the Yuan Dynasty in Ruicheng County, because one of the Eight Immortals, Lü Dongbin's hometown, is in the present-day Yongle Town of Ruicheng County. The Quanzhen Daoist built the famous Dachunyang Wanshou Palace here, commonly known as the Yongle Palace, which belongs to the beginning of Chinese neo-Taoism and is one of the three ancestral courts of Quanzhen Sect. On the occasion of the Golden Yuan, the head of the Quanzhen Sect, Qiu, traveled thousands of miles west to befriend Genghis Khan and was honored by the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty murals in Yongle Palace are grand in scale, with many figures, different shapes and exquisite painting methods, and are a treasure in the history of Chinese painting. The Yongle Palace, together with its surrounding Pure Yang Temple and Jiufeng Mountain, as well as the Wulao Peak in Yongji, the HanguGuan in Lingbao, Henan, and the Huashan In Shaanxi, constitute a Chinese Taoist cultural circle that is increasingly valued by people.
There are many Buddhist cultural relics in Yuncheng, among which the "Ten Temples Brake" is the main representative, which refers to the Yongji Pushou Temple, which is famous for the story of the "West Chamber" and the magical Yingying Pagoda, the Yongji Wangu Temple in the Zhongjiao First Zen Forest, and the Taiyin Temple in Daixian County, which is famous for carving the "Zhao Cheng Jinzang". The Jishan Great Buddha Temple preserves a huge earth Buddha, and the Qinglong Temple preserves murals that predate the Yongle Palace. The new Dailongxing Temple not only has a pagoda that can smoke, but also has the famous Biluo Monument of the Tang Dynasty, and Fusheng Temple is also famous for its precious cultural relics, as well as the Jinglin Mountain --- Tianning Temple in the Salt Lake District, the Panzhou Zen Master Pagoda, the Shousheng Temple in Ruicheng and so on.
5. Hedong folk culture
Yuncheng people go all over the country to experience folk culture, why is it always familiar. This is because the vast majority of the prototype of folk culture originated from Furukawato. Hedong folk culture generally includes: folk activities represented by crowns, marriages, funerals, birthdays, sacrifices, ceremonies, etc.; custom activities represented by fertility and folk beliefs; festival activities represented by the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Chongyang, etc.; traditional performance activities represented by folk social fires (especially in the Hejin area), including gongs and drums, pavilions, dry boats, turning lamps, icebergs and other forms; craft skills represented by mud bricks, woodblock prints, paper cutting, famous food production, and flower buns; and craft skills represented by Hejin dry board cavity, blind commentary, small songs, Folk music and art represented by small flower opera, legends and stories represented by the Three Emperors and Five Emperors to sages and sages, sacrifice activities represented by guan gong and Yu Shun, and traditional temple fairs in various places have radiated to all parts of the country.
Hedong folk culture, we use "one floor, one courtyard and one saint" to summarize.
"First Floor" refers to the Stork Tower, one of the four famous buildings in China, which people call "the first floor of the Yellow River in Puzhou City". The famous sentence left by the famous poet Wang Zhizhuo, "Want to be poor and go to a higher level", is even more popular throughout the ages, becoming the "inspirational building" for modern people to pursue progress and excellence. The Stork Tower, originally built in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, was originally a military observation deck built to defend the city. In the first year of jin yuanguang, the Mongol army attacked Puzhou. The Jin defenders delayed the enemy's siege and ordered the burning of the Stork Tower and the surrounding pontoon bridges. The existing Stork Tower was rebuilt in the 1990s with a total construction area of 33,000 square meters, and is the only imitation Tang Dynasty building in China that has been restored using Tang Dynasty painting art. Stork Tower is located in Yongji City, Yuncheng Territory, Yongji City has many places of interest and historical sites, in addition to the Wangu Temple, Pushou Temple, it is worth mentioning that the Pujindu site to Tang Kaiyuan twelfth year (724) cast four iron bull four iron men, according to the history books, casting pontoon bridge anchors and iron cables, a total of 1.6 million pounds of pig iron, accounting for four-fifths of the national pig iron that year. This was an extremely huge project construction in that year, which was the contribution of the Working People of China to the world's bridges, metallurgy and sculpture, and was an eternal and priceless treasure in the history of the world's bridges
"Yiyuan" refers to the Wanrong Li Family Compound, and wanrong Joke Expo Park is known as the "Hedong Folk Museum", which is grand in scale, simple and elegant, cleverly conceived, and exudes the spirit, temperament and charm of the traditional culture of the Han people. It is the family home of the richest plum in southern Jinnan during the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, which was built in the light years of the Qing Dynasty, located in Yanjing Village, Wanrong County, and is called "Jinshang Santillian" together with the Qiao Family Compound and the Wang Family Compound, known as "the Qiao family looks at the name, the Wang family looks at the courtyard, and the Li family looks at the good". Some of its courtyards are "Gothic" buildings, which are jinshang compounds that integrate north and south, combine East and West, and have unparalleled three Jin Dynasties, condensing the profound heritage of Han traditional culture and having high cultural and artistic value. The Li family is based on agriculture, shang Jiaxing, honesty, and charity, and has deduced a story of jin merchants who started from scratch, did business in good faith, was rich in party, and did good deeds in the world. In July 2006, the Yuncheng Municipal Party Committee and the Yuncheng Municipal Government proposed to focus on the protection of a number of local Han traditional residential buildings based on the Lijia Compound, build the Yuncheng Folk Customs Museum, and build the Lijia Courtyard into a well-known cultural relics and tourist attraction.
"One Sage" refers to Guan Yu, a famous general of the Three Kingdoms. Although it has been dead for more than 1,800 years, the Guangong culture with the spirit of Guan Gongzhong filial piety, benevolence, wisdom, faith, faith, and courage as the core content has spanned thousands of years, endured for a long time, and has become an ivy that represents the national spirit of traditional Chinese culture. As the hometown of Guangong, Yuncheng is the birthplace and distribution center of Guan gong's faith, and Guan Gong's spirit of loyalty, benevolence, courage and integrity is one of the humanistic spirits of Yuncheng City. Not only that, Guan Gong has also become the only deity that is respected by the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and is a cross-class, cross-ethnic, cross-generational, cross-position spiritual idol, whose influence has spread to countries and regions with Chinese in the world, and has become a bridge connecting the chinese blood in the world. The image of Guangong and the spirit of Guangong have been integrated with "loyalty, righteousness, benevolence and courage", which is a concentrated display of the spirit of the Chinese nation. Xiezhou Guandi Temple was built to commemorate Guan Yu, known as the Guandi Temple of Wusheng Guan Gong, and is also a concentrated display of Yuncheng folk customs. A statue of Guan Gong is a moral model and spiritual sustenance for tens of millions of people; an ancient bluestone stele is a loyal teaching case that moves the world.
Hedong folk customs, the connotation is very rich. Taking Hedong's ancient and modern famous specialties as an example, jishan ban jujube, Yuncheng xiang jujube, Ruicheng Tun tun jujube, etc. are still quite famous, and Puzhou sangluo wine has also long enjoyed a high reputation. The quality of Yuncheng wheat flour is superior, which extends a series of noodle products such as steamed buns, baked cakes, twist flowers, noodles, etc., which have their own characteristics and rich shapes, and gradually form a unique food culture and art style and a complete creative system, with rich cultural taste and strong local characteristics. In addition, Fu Tong Hui moon cake, Wenxi boiled cake, lamb hub, Jishan twist flower, Ruicheng hemp slices, Hejin sesame candy, etc., are all famous delicacies; Yuncheng apple, Daixian hawthorn, Pinglu lily, Yuanqu monkey head, Puzhou green persimmon, etc. are also famous specialties. In terms of handicrafts, there are Hejin "gray pottery glass", new Daiyun carving, Jishan snail, Daizhou Cheng mudstone, Daizhou woodblock Prints and so on. The city has 29 national intangible cultural heritage projects and 153 provincial-level intangible cultural heritage projects, ranking first in the province, which is gorgeous and colorful, brilliant and charming, which is not only the pride of Yuncheng's history, but also the future wealth of Yuncheng.
6. The culture of the Red Revolution
Yuncheng has been a place of heroes and heroes since ancient times, especially during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, many people with lofty ideals have become famous in China, staining the sand with blood, establishing a rock-solid red revolutionary base area and becoming a hot land of the motherland. Successively, revolutionary warrior Jia Kangjie and patriotic general Fu Zuoyi emerged, Li Xuefeng, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the Third National People's Congress, Ji Pengfei, third foreign minister, Cheng Zihua, former vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, thirteen founding generals Dong Qiwu, Chang Qiankun, Wang Lanlin, Che Minyao, Niu Zhizhi, Li Wenyi, Yang Wen'an, Gu Jingsheng, Zhang Shizhen, Hu Shangli, Ru Fuyi, He Ming, and Chai Qikun, the first ambassador to the United States, Chai Zemin, former president and general of the National Defense University, Pei Huailiang, former president of the National Defense University, and Zhang Zhijian, former political commissar and general of the Chengdu Military Region. Zheng Weiping, former political commissar and general of the Plaster's Strategic Support Force, Jing Haipeng, a "space hero" who flew three times, and other heroic figures have left many red revolutionary cultural sites to commemorate the martyrs, pay respects to the relics, and cultivate revolutionary descendants to preserve a complete education base.
"One hole" refers to the Duiyun Cave in Xia County. Duiyun Cave is located in the Xia County, 25 kilometers west of the city of Jiwang Mountain Niucun Tugang, because after the rain on the hill cumulus clouds, fog persists, the cave gate cloud seal, so called "Duiyun Cave"; and because of its appearance similar to the Tibetan Potala Palace, also known as "Little Potala Palace". In 1922, the revolutionary martyr Jia Kangjie founded the "Civilian Middle School" in this Taoist Temple, which is the predecessor of today's Kangjie Middle School. He used this place as a forum for spreading new ideas and new cultures, recruiting more than 1,200 students from the nine northern provinces, most of whom became the backbone of revolutionary activities; in 1928, the Hedong Special Committee of the Communist Party of China was established here, and secretly operated for ten years, thus radiating to the surrounding Zhongtiao Mountains and Jiwang Mountains, which can be called the cradle of the revolution in southern Jin. In 1985, Duiyun Cave was identified by the provincial government as a provincial key revolutionary cultural relics protection unit, and became a revolutionary traditional education base and a red tourist resort in Yuncheng.
"One city" refers to the city where the municipal government is located. Here, we should remember the "Hedong Academy", which is located on the outskirts of the city and experienced the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, and is known as the Three Dynasties Academy. For hundreds of years, Hedong Academy has been full of humanities and heroes, and since the Xinhai Revolution, it has organized a student movement, welcomed the Red Army's crusade, publicized the Xi'an Incident, and launched an anti-Japanese student tide. In 1947, the North China Field Army's three dozen Yuncheng provided a model for the People's Liberation War to attack the city, and at the same time left red tourist attractions such as the Heroes' Park in the city, the Pinglu Duma Martyrs' Cemetery, the Yumen Anti-Japanese Martyrs Monument, and the Red Army's Dongdu Temple Qiandu, Liu Deng's army forcibly crossing the Yellow River during the Liberation War, and advancing into Maojindu and Sundu in Dabie Mountain.
Conclusion
Yuncheng is the birthplace of ancient human civilization, the discovery place of the fossil of "Century Dawn Ape", the birthplace of farming culture and the ancestral culture of the Yellow River, and has a rich and profound accumulation of religious belief and custom culture, Hedong folk culture and Red Revolutionary culture. It is this place of historical interest and historical sites, the historical celebrities who are as splendid as the galaxy, and the long-standing cultural river that have jointly nurtured the Yuncheng folk style of "cultivating and reading heirlooms, advocating literature and etiquette, bearing hardships and standing hard work, being diligent and thrifty, being tolerant and friendly, and being diligent and enterprising". Inheriting, cultivating, practicing and carrying forward Hedong culture is our unshirkable duty and mission, and it is also an inevitable requirement for strengthening cultural self-confidence, and it is also the source of strength and spiritual pillar for entering a new era, showing new responsibilities and making new contributions.
Self-confidence is not generated out of thin air, and self-confidence is strong. We must deeply excavate the ideological concepts and humanistic spirit contained in Hedong's excellent traditional culture, develop and make good use of the historical relics and excellent traditional culture buried under the loess soil and recorded in books, make them flexible and vivid, fully display the permanent charm of the excellent traditional culture and the style of the times, and infect, educate, and inspire people to work hard. Combined with the cultivation and practice of the core socialist values, the inheritance and innovation of the excellent traditional culture and revolutionary culture are integrated into the education of ideals and beliefs, patriotism and party members and cadres, and into the hearts and minds of the broad masses of the people, and internalized into the moral and cultural qualities of 4.7 million sons and daughters of Hedong, so as to better provide strong ideological motivation and intellectual support for the "one district, two cities, three strong cities, three highlands".
About the Author:
Li Zhaoyang, graduate student of the Central Party School, deputy secretary of the Hejin Municipal Party Committee of the Communist Party of China. He once served as the head of the lecturer group of the Yuncheng City Committee of the Communist Party of China and the director of the Cyberspace Office of the Yuncheng City Committee, and has published more than 70 papers of more than 400,000 words in the central, provincial and municipal party newspapers and party periodicals. He was invited to give more than 350 lectures in the province, and gave special counseling for the central group of the Yuncheng City Committee more than 30 times. In 2013, he was awarded the first batch of "four batches" talents of Shanxi Provincial Propaganda and Culture System, in 2015 he was awarded the "National Advanced Individual of Propaganda" by the Central Propaganda Department, he was identified by the Organization Department of the Provincial Party Committee as the first batch of part-time teachers in the province's cadre education and training teacher database, in 2018 he was awarded the special professor of Shanxi University of Finance, in 2019 he was awarded the provincial advanced individual of propaganda, in 2020 he was awarded the special professor of Yuncheng College, and in 2021 he was awarded the visiting professor of Shanxi Water Institute.
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