"Rain born a hundred valleys", get the rain to breastfeed, grass, spring wind green shore, twilight spring look back, willow flying down, cuckoo night crying, peony spit, cherry red ripe, everything around, instantly alive.
Shi Lixue, chairman of the Jilin Provincial Folklore Society and librarian of literature and history of the Jilin Provincial Government, introduced the "Guyu" solar term culture and related folk customs.
Valley rain has three seasons
"The willows dance with the wind, and the summer of the rain is coming." As the last festival of spring, gu rain has three seasons, one waiting for Ping to be born, the second waiting for the dove to whisk its feathers, and the third waiting for Dai Sheng to descend to Sang.
"Ping Shi Sheng", which means that after the valley rain, the rainfall increases, and the Ping Shui begins to meet. Ping, water weed, and water level, so called "duckweed"; Ping, drifting with the wind, so also known as "drifting Ping". After entering the valley rain, duckweed grows rapidly, and in just three or five days, people can enjoy the prosperity of duckweed in those ponds, rivers and lakes that usually lack greenery. Then the cuckoo (the great cuckoo, the songbird) also began to move, and it kept shaking its feathers, and finally it could not hold back its enthusiasm and let out a loud chirp.
"The song dove whisks its feathers", the dove is the eagle incarnation, the cuckoo. Ming Liu Bowen has a poem: "The sound of the dove is corresponding, and it is once again a spring in the world." "Turnips are weeds. But "the spring valley blows its wings at the end of the season", the dove's song heralds the end of spring, and at this time, the field echoes everywhere with its earnest call to "family planting grain", as if to remind people not to delay the planting of seeds when farming.
At this time, Dai Sheng fell on the mulberry tree, which was also the waiting for the silkworm to be born. Even more beautiful than the cuckoo is the Daisheng bird. As the sound of cuckoo reverberates through the mountains, the Dai Sheng bird flies to the branches of the mulberry tree. Dai Sheng Bird means peace, happiness and happiness. Its long, slender mouth, staggered feathers, alert and upright temperament, and loyal habits have made it one of the symbols of folklore since ancient times. As an auspicious ornament, the Daisheng bird pattern also often appears in various utensils. Not only the image of Dai Sheng appears in gold and silverware and paintings, but also the shadow of Dai Sheng bird is often seen on ceramics, silk fabrics and other utensils. For example, in the Qing Yongzheng period, there were pastel Dai Sheng green bamboo pattern washing.
The origin of "valley rain"
The origin of the Guyu Festival is derived from humanities, because Cangjie made characters.
Cangjie was a historical official of the Yellow Emperor. He was given the important task of creating a visual symbol to issue decrees, rule the people, and preach indoctrination. He waded through mountains and rivers, did not hesitate to ask, and expressed all kinds of things he saw according to their characteristics. So according to the pictogram, in the ravine of Yangwu Village in Baishui County, Shaanxi Province, no one began to create characters. It took three years to create as many words as a bucket of rapeseed. The Jade Emperor listened, was greatly moved, and decided to reward Cangjie heavily. That night, Cangjie was sleeping sweetly when he overheard someone shouting that Cangjie had accepted the award. Cangjie opened his eyes confusedly, and he saw a room full of bright lights, and a large golden man stood on the ground. He remembered the shouts he heard in his dream, and understood that this golden man was a prize given to him by heaven. Therefore, he prayed three times into the air, which was a thank you to the gods. The next day, he asked someone to carry the belt and push the Jin people to the Yellow Emperor's Palace. When the Yellow Emperor asked about the origin of the Jin people, he only said that he had picked it up by chance, and said that this was a thing under the heavens and should be shared by the people of the world. The Yellow Emperor knew that his personality was noble, and he accepted it with a smile.
Who knows, within four or five days, a sudden flash of light flew in, and the golden man disappeared. The Yellow Emperor then sent someone to report to Cangjie. At that time, Cangjie was in a dream, and then he heard someone shouting: "Cangjie, you don't want the golden man who the Jade Emperor gave you the prize, what do you want?" Cangjie said in his dream, "I want to have abundant grains, so that the people of the world can have food to eat." "The next day, the weather was clear and cloudless. Suddenly, the sky was full of grains falling downwards. The grain fell denser than the raindrops, and it rained for half an hour, and the grain covered the earth and the mountains. Therefore, Cangjie named the day of the rain in the valley rain as the Valley Rain Festival. Because of his meritorious writing, he touched the Heavenly Emperor, and at that time the world was suffering from famine, so he ordered the Heavenly Soldier Heavenly General to open the granary of the Heavenly Palace, and there was a rain of millet, and all the people of the world were saved.
Later, in cangjie's hometown of Shiguan Town, Baishui County, in the north of Shiguan Town, Cangjie's tomb door carved a couplet: Yusu felt the Heavenly Emperor in that year, and Tongwen Yongshi was paired with a bridge mausoleum, which is the highest praise for Cangjie. On the day of the Guyu Festival, a temple fair to worship Cangjie is held in the area of Shiguan Town, Baishui County.
Folk customs
Tea pan-fried valley rain spring
"Poetry write plum blossom moon, tea pan valley rain spring". Xu Cishu of the Ming Dynasty said of the tea picking season in the "Tea Shu" that "the Qingming Dynasty is too early, the summer is too late, and before and after the valley rains, the timing is moderate." Zhu Quan talked about the method of drinking tea from four items in the "Tea Recipe": tea tasting, water tasting, decoction, and tea ordering, and believed that tea tasting should be tasted Guyu tea.
Guyu tea is a spring tea picked during the rainy season of the valley, also known as erchun tea. The spring temperature is moderate, the rainfall is abundant, and the tea plant recuperates after half a year of winter, so that the spring buds are fat, the color is emerald green, the leaves are soft, rich in a variety of vitamins and amino acids, making the spring tea taste fresh and pleasant.
In addition to the young buds, Gu Yu tea also has one bud and one young leaf or one bud and two young leaves; the tea leaves of one bud and one young leaf are soaked in water, like the ancient spear that unfolds the flag, known as the flag gun; one bud and two young leaves are like the tongue of a finch, known as the finch tongue; the same as the Qingming tea is the best product of the year. The China Tea Society and other relevant departments have proposed to make the annual lunar calendar "Gu Rain" as the "National Tea Drinking Day" and hold various tea-related activities. Legend has it that Gu Yu tea, drinking it will clear the fire, ward off evil spirits, and blind the eyes. So no matter what the weather is on this day, people will go to the tea mountain and pick some new tea to drink back.
The river water of Guyu is also very precious, called "peach blossom water", peach blossom water is peach blossom flood, referring to the water that swells in the river when the peach blossoms are in full bloom. Legend has it that bathing with it can eliminate disasters and avoid disasters, which is called "bathing peach blossom water and eliminating disasters for a whole year". People bathe with "peach blossom water" and celebrate by shooting and dancing. On the day of the valley rain, young women have the custom of "walking the valley rain", walking to the village to visit relatives, and some go to the wild to walk around and come back. The meaning is integrated with nature to strengthen the body.
Gu Yu looked at the peony three times
Song Ouyang Xiu's "Luoyang Peony Record": "Luo Hua, with the grain rain as the opening of the weather." "In history, the peony of Luoyang is the most, the flower color is gorgeous, the jade smile is fragrant, the style is elegant, the palatial, known as the "king of flowers" reputation, but also known as "the national color of heavenly fragrance".
Bai Juyi's poem "Peony" says, "The only western son of the absolute generation, the only peony." In the middle of the moon, there is a laurel in the sky", Zou Hao said, "I am in Luoyang City this spring", "The strange flowers of heaven shine brightly". Liu Yuxi has a poem: "The peony medicine demon in front of the court has no qualifications, and the pond hibiscus is pure and less affectionate." Only the peony is the true national color, and the flowers move the capital during the blossom season. ”。
Depending on the color of the flowers, peonies can be divided into hundreds of varieties. Yellow, green, flesh red, dark red, silver red as the top product, especially yellow and green are expensive. Yao Huang, who blooms yellow flowers, and Wei Zi, who blooms purple flowers, is famous for its large and gorgeous flowers, elegance and luxury.
As early as the end of the Qing Dynasty, peony was recognized as the national flower of China. Qing Gu Lu "Qing Jia Lu" "Peony flowers, commonly known as the valley rain flowers, with its opening in the valley rain festival also. Proverb: 'Gu Yu Three Dynasties Look at Peonies'. "It means that it is time to watch the peonies in full bloom three days after the valley rain. Therefore, peony flowers are also known as "valley rain flowers". Yuan Wang Yun 'Magnolia Slow'" "Ask Dongcheng Spring Color, Zhenggu Rain, Peony Period." Think of the previous day's fang buds, recently brilliant, red rotten light branches. Liu Lang is heavy for flowers, about Liu Bian and Waguan drunk Wu Ji. "Gu Yu Three Dynasties Look at Peonies", peony appreciation has become an important entertainment activity for people during the rainy season of the valley. So far, Shandong, Henan, Sichuan and other places have also held peony flower parties during the rainy season of the valley for people to play and gather. The Mudanjiang River in northeast China has the name of "peony", but there is no "peony". Mudanjiang is a Manchu place name, manchu pronounced "Mudan Ula", meaning "the river of the bay", and has nothing to do with peony flowers.
Changchun has a peony garden, founded in 1998, rebuilt in 2013, planted more than 11,000 peonies, peonies, every year must wait for the valley rain after three dynasties, three dynasties, three dynasties, until the thirty dynasties, small full season, to watch the blossoming period. As a traditional famous flower in the mainland, peony has been endowed with grace, elegance, wealth, auspiciousness, perfection, affection, happiness, good luck, prosperity, prosperity and other meanings and symbols since ancient times.
"Grand Festival" sacrifice to the sea
When the sea warms up during the rainy season, hundreds of fish travel to the shallow sea, which is a good day for fishermen to go out to sea to catch fish, that is, the "Zhuangxing Festival". As the saying goes: "Ride the valley rain to the internet", in order to go out to sea safely and return with a full load, fishermen will hold a sea festival on the day of the valley rain and pray for the blessing of the sea god. In the old days, by the sea, villages and villages had a sea temple or a niangniang temple, and when the sacrifice time came, the fishermen would carry the offerings to the temple to make offerings, and some would carry the offerings to the seaside, beat gongs and drums, set off firecrackers, and face the sea sacrifice, the scene was very solemn.
As the saying goes, "cattle and valley rain people rest stoves", valley rain has the custom of avoiding starting work and moving the soil, generally not working on the ground; avoid not raining, "valley rain is rare to rain, qingming is rare to be sunny", folk believe that if the valley rain has no rain, it is a sign of a famine year, afraid of a bad harvest; taboo picnic, because it is hoping for a rainy festival, so it is forbidden to raise fire in the wild.
Diet regimen
Due to the increase in rainfall after the valley rain festival, the humidity in the air gradually increases, at this time, the health should follow the changes of the natural solar terms and be regulated according to its climatic characteristics. The diet should reduce the intake of high-protein, high-calorie foods. Choose to eat some low-fat, high-vitamin, high-mineral foods, such as fresh vegetables, including cabbage, spinach, marlan head, toon head, dandelion, etc., which can play a role in clearing heat, detoxification, cool blood and eyesight, clear stool, wake up the spleen and appetizer.
In terms of emotions and sports, we should keep a comfortable mood and a broad mind, listen to music, fishing, spring excursions, tai chi, walking, etc. to cultivate temperament, and avoid worrying and anxiety in case of trouble, and even move the liver fire.
Soil paste pulsates to plant fields
"The Seventy-two Seasons of the Moon Order": "In the middle of March, since the rain, the earth has pulsated, and now it is raining in the valley of water." The valley rains during the rainy season, like the rain of my public land. Gaigu sows seeds at this time, from top to bottom also. "At this time, the weather was mild, and the rain was full of grains, moisturizing everything. The rain has increased significantly, which has a great relationship with the growth and development of cereal crops.
The so-called "rain and hundred valleys" reflects the modern agricultural climate significance of "valley rain". Most of the weather proverbs of the Valley Rain Festival also revolve around the center of rain and no rain, such as "the valley rain is gloomy and heavy, the summer rain is drenched", "the valley rains rain, forty-five days there is no dry soil" and so on.
"Qingming is busy planting wheat, valley rain planting field", in the northeast, due to the strong wind in the valley rainy season, the temperature rises, the surface water evaporates rapidly, and it is very important to rush the sowing as soon as possible. During the rainy season of the valley, there are still unstable temperatures in the early spring in the northeast. There is even a cold spring. However, in the pair of contradictions between grabbing early seeds and preventing spring cold, grabbing seeds is still the main task, because in the rainy season of the valley, it has been seen that "the sting is stupid, and all things breed." Yi Yang Liu. Dancing duckweed. The peach is dying, burning its glory. The magpie nests in the tall tree, and the swallow nests in the guangting..."
Entering the valley rain The temperature in the central and western parts of our province can meet the heat demand of corn and other field crops.
Liu Haifeng, director of the Jilin Meteorological Observatory, introduced that after entering the valley rain, the general temperature has risen significantly, and the precipitation has increased significantly, just as the so-called "spring rain is as expensive as oil", and the abundant rain is beneficial to the sowing, emergence and growth of grains. Valley rain, like rain, small fullness, light snow, heavy snow and other solar terms, are all solar terms that reflect the phenomenon of precipitation, and are the reflection of the festivals in ancient Chinese farming culture. Because the 24 solar terms originate from the Yellow River Basin of the mainland, more reflect the climatic characteristics of the region, for the northeast, there are often some lags, such as spring, sting, spring equinox and other solar terms, our province is basically still at the end of winter, can not see the relevant phenology, to be later.
As far as the current thaw depth, soil moisture, ground temperature and other conditions of the cultivated layer in our province are concerned, after entering the valley rain (April 20) this year, the temperature in the central and western regions of our province can be stabilized through 8 degrees Celsius, which can meet the heat demand of corn and other field crops, but the rainfall in the western region may be small, and it is necessary to pay attention to the changes in soil moisture to make preparations for drought-resistant sowing and artificial rain increase operations to ensure the smooth progress of spring sowing.
It is understood that taking into account the current agricultural meteorological conditions and future weather and climate trends, it is expected that most of the central and western parts of our province will enter the suitable sowing period of corn around April 23 and most of the eastern part around April 30.
Recommendations for spring sowing
Wang Dongni, director of the Agricultural Meteorological Office of the Jilin Meteorological Science Research Institute, said that at present, most of the soil moisture in the province is more suitable, and from the end of April, the temperature will continue to meet the needs of corn sowing from west to east. Here are some suggestions:
1. All localities should seize the favorable weather conditions of less rain and complete the preparation of dry land as soon as possible, so that the farmland is in a state of being sown. Overly wet farmland should be ploughed in a timely manner, drained and scattered, and ensure that spring ploughing and spring sowing are carried out on schedule.
2. There has been a local shortage of moisture in the west, there is no obvious effective precipitation in the west in the next ten days, and the scope of soil shortage may be further expanded.
3. The central and western regions should take advantage of the recent better warm and humid conditions to sow seeds in a timely manner, and the drought-prone areas should make use of the better bottom conditions to sow seeds in a timely manner.
4. The spring weather is changeable, and all localities should pay close attention to weather changes to prevent the adverse effects of phased cooling, strong winds, rain and other weather on the preparation of ploughing and sowing and the growth of crop seedlings.
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Source 丨East Asia Economic and Trade News Reporter Wang Lu, Zhou Dongkui Hand-painted: Meng Meiqing Poster Design: Liu Chunjiao
Edited by Luna
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