Wu'an News, Hebei: Photo: Shen Licheng Zhang Haijiang Editor: Han Tongrui: The Magnetic Hill Cultural Site is the first early Neolithic cultural relic (compared with the Yangshao culture) found in North China at that time. Because the site revealed the Neolithic cultural outlook of the earliest period at that time, and obtained a number of world-wide major discoveries such as millet, domestic chicken, walnut, etc., it was called "a major breakthrough in the neolithic archaeological community of the mainland" by experts, which shocked the archaeological and historical circles at home and abroad.
Cishan cultural site from the discovery of 49 years to the present, after a number of archaeological trial excavations, in the neolithic early and late two cultural layers, a total of more than 5,000 pieces of stone tools, pottery, bone tools, mussels, animal bones, plant carbonides and other relics have been excavated, at the same time, there are a large area of ash pits, cellars and some sites, trenches, sacrifice sites (nature to be examined) and other relics, the content is very rich, covering the basic aspects of social life at that time, and there are many unprecedented major discoveries. In this earlier Neolithic site, a lot of direct evidence of the origin of primitive agriculture has been found: there are quite dense rectangular cellar walls vertically, four corners of neat grain storage cellars, and the bottom stores abundant grain, which has been identified as dryland crop millet. Directly related to these grains, a large number of regular stone grinding discs and stone grinding rods have been excavated, and these supporting stone tools are obviously used for the rubbing and peeling of grain, and stone axes, stone shovels, stone knives, stone sickles and other tools that can be used for agricultural production have also been found. These discoveries were of great value for the first time to show the people the basic appearance of primitive agriculture in the early Neolithic period and the level of production reached at that time.
From the large number of stone agricultural tools unearthed, it can be seen that the ancestors of Magnetic Mountain cut down the mountain forest and burned it out, and entered the stage of "fire farming" of "burning without ploughing", and entered the stage of "ploughing the soil". The grain storage cellar and the inventory of millet grain reached 140,000 catties, which shows that agriculture was quite developed at that time and had reached the point where there was more than enough for many years. It shows that agriculture had a considerable production capacity at that time, indicating that there was a perfect calendar in the Magnetic Mountain culture period to guide the sowing, planting and harvesting of millet, which is directly related to the pottery yarrow and guipan excavated by the Magnetic Mountain culture. At that time, the climate and geographical environment conditions, only by determining the appropriate planting season, millet could have such a large harvest. Growing crops has a good harvest, and mastering the agricultural season is the key.
The Gui Pan, the number of Guib's sun shadows, is a "maker" of the changes in yin and yang throughout the year. In the I Ching, it is recorded that "in the heavens into the image (referring to the day), in the earth into the shape (finger shadow)", "the image of the image is said to be dry (daylight), the imitation of the meaning of kun (sun shadow), the number of poles to know the meaning of the occupation (refers to the measurement) of the fixed knot, see is the image (refers to the day), the shape is said to be the instrument (referring to the measurement of the sun Gui pan), and the method of making and using the name (calendar, Gui Bu Gua calendar). These references are extremely relevant to the shadow of the sun. Gui, made of earth or stone, a disc with a central pole inserted, is divided into two parts (spring equinox, autumn equinox), two solstices (summer solstice, winter solstice), and four vertical (lichun, lixia, liqiu, lidong) all in it. All of the above refers to the Guibu Sun Shadow in the Nüwa Era, making calendars, dividing festivals, and fixing twelve hours, pushing the science of seasons, calendars, celestial phenomena, and phenology that agriculture must solve to a peak of applications such as gods.
Pottery yarrow, it is the base of the pole for "immediate effect" to measure the "day", that is to say, it is used to measure the length of the shadow of the sun in order to grasp the hour and the solar terms, so that sacrifices and divination can guide farming. Guipan and Pottery Yarrow were excavated at the Magnetic Mountain Cultural Site at the same time, indicating that the Fuxi era "as a calendar and the four hours" have been initially formed in the Magnetic Mountain Culture Period, and the twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar are derived from this, and the earliest birthplace of the Magnetic Mountain lunar calendar.
The twenty-four solar terms, which tell people the date when the sun moves to twenty-four positions of seasonal significance on the ecliptic, have played an important role in the development of agriculture and animal husbandry for thousands of years. In order to facilitate memory, people have compiled twenty-four solar terms and songs: spring rain shocks the spring valley days, summer is full of summer and summer are connected, autumn dew and autumn frost falls, winter snow and snow are small and cold in winter. With the spread of the Chinese calendar, the twenty-four solar terms spread to many parts of the world. The eight poles (i.e., the eight stanzas) of the twenty-four solar terms, the so-called eight knots, refer to the eight more important solar terms in the twenty-four solar terms, they are two points, two to four, which are the eight equal points of the cycle of yin and yang on Sunday, which is the natural and miraculous work of heaven, not man-made ability. The "Taiping Imperial Records" quotes the Prince Nian's "Collected Remains" as saying: "Fu Xi sat on the square altar and listened to the breath of the eight winds, but drew gossip." This shows that the purpose of Fuxi's bagua is to formulate a calendar. "Corpse": "Fu Xi began to draw a column of eight sections of bagua and transformed the world." The pottery pills used for counting divination were unearthed in the Magnetic Mountain culture, "The Laws of the Han Dynasty Chronicle": "Since Fu Xi painted gossip, from counting." The cultural relics excavated from the Magnetic Hill Cultural Site are completely consistent with the Fuxi culture. Magnetic Mountain, the place where the ancestor of China, Taihao Fuxi, once lived, when the Magnetic Mountain culture period has formed the most primitive number (pottery pills, stone balls), the twenty-four solar terms of the prototype eight sections have been initially formed, the specific facts show that magnetic mountain Fuxi began to paint the birthplace of Bagua.
Magnetic hill culture, the source of Fuxi culture, the root of Fuxi culture. Magnetic Hill 24 solar terms prototype, the earliest birthplace of the lunar calendar.