"Li" has been in exchange for hundreds of millions of years
Liyang Plain, located in the yin of the Yangtze River and the west coast of Dongting, is the largest impact plain in Hunan Province; Pingsha is vast and boundless; the lake is full of light and beautiful "ancient" rhymes. The beauty of the plain lies in the harmony between man and nature, the beauty in the symbiosis of civilization and ecology, and the mutual promotion of beauty in cultural heritage and economic development; the rhyme of the plain lies in its thick "ancient" meaning of going with nature, a bumpy hill, an orange and yellow full of rice grains, a rice field with a strange longitudinal landscape, and a long-standing city wall, all of which carry a thick prehistoric cultural atmosphere. The chronological yardstick that shines with dazzling light will show the excellent Chinese civilization to the world...
LiXian occupies most of the Liyang Plain. Since the 1970s, Neolithic archaeological discoveries have emerged in the Liyang Plain, and about 340 sites of this era have been found. A total of 413 cultural relics sites of various types have been discovered in Lixian County, including 16 national key cultural relics protection units. The prehistoric cultural sites of the Liyang Plain, with Chengtou Mountain, Pengtou Mountain, Jimingcheng, Bashidang, Shiligang and Dingjiagang as the core, have been applied by the state to the United Nations for World Cultural Heritage. The strong atmosphere of ancient civilization is spread throughout the fertile plains of the Liyang Plain, hidden between the villages and villages. What is particularly important is that the development of prehistoric culture in Lixian is self-contained, inherited sooner or later, has little influence from the outside world, and the timing is highly consistent, such as the transition from the Paleolithic age to the Neolithic era; in the middle of the Neolithic Age, the ChengtouShan site is the transition from clan to ancient country, etc., which sets a complete yardstick for the prehistoric cultural staging and social development sequence of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and even the whole country. In particular, the ancient cultural site of Chengtou Mountain, which is rated as one of the 100 major archaeological discoveries in China in the twentieth century, has discovered the earliest ancient city site, ancient altar and ancient rice field in China, dating back 6,000 years, and pushed forward the history of Chinese civilization by 1,000 years. Comrade Jiang Zemin personally inscribed "Chengtou Mountain Ancient Cultural Site" when inspecting Lixian County in 1995, and Mr. Jiang Weiguo's inscription in Taiwan reads: "Chinese Civilization Has Lived for Hundreds of Millions of Years, And the Ancient City of Lizhou Lasts for Seven Thousand Years."
From 1965 to 2002, the Archaeological Research Department of Hunan Province has carried out 32 archaeological excavations of 14 cultural relics sites in Lixian County, and with the discovery of some important sites and new archaeological cultures, the important position of Liyang Plain has gradually been recognized by domestic archaeologists. After 1988, an archaeological culture with distinct regional characteristics was found in the early Neolithic sites such as Pengtou Mountain, Lijiagang and Bashiyuan in Lixian County, which was different from the Daxi culture that had a major influence in the local area, and was defined by archaeology as "Pengtou Mountain Culture". The Shiligang fine stone tool point discovered in 1998 is about 15,000 years old, which is the first discovery in China, and relevant scholars have put forward the view of "Shiligang culture". The Crow Mountain culture is the pre-Paleolithic stage, while the Shiligang culture is the latter stage of the late Paleolithic period, and the Shiligang culture means that the dawn of the agricultural revolution is approaching.
Humans have been groping in the long darkness for more than 2 million years, and when the first stone tools appeared, it already marked that humans became the masters of the earth, which archaeology calls the "Paleolithic Age". In 1987, Feng Jianping, an archaeologist in Lixian County, discovered the first paleolithic tool in The Liyang Plain, thus unveiling the prelude to the Paleolithic archaeology of the Liyang Plain.
Let's slowly expand the new and Paleolithic cultural genealogy of the Liyang Plain——
Paleolithic: Tiger Claw Mountain Culture, more than 500,000 years ago; Jigongya Culture, 150,000-100,000 years ago; Crow Mountain Culture, 30,000-20,000 years ago; Shiligang Culture, 18,000-16,000 years ago. Neolithic: Pengtoushan culture, about 9600-7800 years ago; lower-class culture of Soap City, about 7800-7000 years ago; Tangjiagang culture, about 7000-6300 years ago; Daxi culture, about 6300-5500 years ago; Qujialing culture, about 5500-4600 years ago; Shijiahe culture, about 4600-3800 years ago.
These cultures are continuous, clearly and completely showing the historical development of the original society in the Yangtze River Basin, and their rich connotations, coherence of timing, and great value are rare in China. As far as the entire Yangtze River Basin and even the whole country are concerned, in such a relatively narrow range as the Liyang Plain, the density of ancient cultural sites, the concentration of historical information, and the high degree of coherence of the times may also be the only ones in China. This is an excellent "physical proof" for the study of the origin of Chinese civilization and the origin of rice farming, two cutting-edge topics in the history of world civilization, and has an irreplaceable important position. At the same time, many of its important relics provide outstanding materials for major historical research topics such as human development, and can be called an enlarged museum of natural prehistory culture.