Not long ago, in the lecture of the general education course of Fudan University, Yan Shiyun, the first national famous Chinese medicine doctor and former president of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, comprehensively introduced the theory, value orientation and care for life of Chinese medicine with the title of "The Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine under the Perspective of Traditional Chinese Philosophy - Neutralization Thought". The following is the main content of the lecture.
"Harmony" is the core concept of traditional Chinese culture.
The so-called neutralization of thought, in layman's terms, is the study of two things, such as the best state of contact between people, water and salt, and intervention. The pre-Qin philosophers believed that the interaction and collision between things should be carried out in a state of "harmony", that is, "neutralization".
The concept of "and" was first used in music, where different instruments had to be coordinated to sound good when playing music. As early as the Chinese Yin Shang era, chimes appeared, chimes are a large musical equipment, made of many different scales of bells in groups, when playing music need to cooperate with each other, the music can be coordinated. The concept of "harmony" was born from this, and later extended to all things in the universe, social life, and even the spiritual and moral level.
In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the thinker Shi Bo proposed "harmonious living things", which means that harmony can be achieved so that all things can grow and develop. The Book of Verses mentions "harmony and harmony," that is, happiness and harmony. In the Book of Shang, it is proposed that "the government is only peaceful", and in order to govern the country, the people, and the hundred officials, it is important to follow the law of "peace".
The Tao Te Ching is even more explicit: "The Tao gives birth to one, one life to two, two to three, and three to all things." All things bear the yin and embrace the yang, and the breath thinks that it is harmonious. "One is yin, two is yang, and the third is yin and yang contact. All things are negative yin and yang, negative yin is back yin, and yang is combined with yang. The breath of the qi thinks that the sum, that is, the two yin and yang qi meet, and the state of harmony is reached, so that "the Tao gives birth to one, one life to two, two to three, and three to all things." This is the principle of the sum of changes proposed in the Tao Te Ching.
The Book of Rites and The Middle Way records a sentence said by Confucius's grandson Zi Si: "The one who is in the middle, the great benefactor of the world; and the one who is also the one who is also the one who reaches the tao of the world." Huang Zongxi of the Ming Dynasty commented on this sentence: "Separation and no middle, no big book away from the Tao." In the pre-Qin era, "and" and "zhong" have always been used together, but here it is necessary to divide the priority, "Zhong" is the great ben of the world, "and" is the world's Da Dao, da Dao is the most important law. Without "Da Dao", there is no "Big Ben"; without "He", there is no "Zhong".
Confucianism advocated the institutionalization of the moral principle of "harmony" as the main principle, making it a "ritual" that could be observed. Therefore, the Book of Rites proposes, "The musician, the sum of heaven and earth, and the liturgy, the order of heaven and earth." It is to use the idea of "peace" to form a system to govern the country in order to achieve social stability. Confucius said: "The use of etiquette is precious." "The function of the ceremony is to enable the people to achieve a harmonious state and to maintain the peace of the country. These ideas had an important and far-reaching impact on ancient Chinese political and philosophical thought, and were revered by successive feudal dynasties.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, two important theorists, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, proposed that "to neutralize is to reach the heavenly principle", that is, if a person can neutralize, he has already conformed to the law of heaven and earth. The concept of "harmony" has become an important principle of mainland traditional philosophy and the value pursuit of traditional culture.
Zhonghe thought penetrated into All aspects of Chinese philosophy, politics, ethics, religion, education, literature, and art, and profoundly affected the lives of Chinese.
The first national famous Chinese medicine doctor Yan Shiyun (photo provided by the author)
"Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traditional Neutralization Ideas Are in the Same Vein"
The historian of science Needham once concluded that ancient Chinese sought order and harmony throughout nature and regarded this as the ideal of all human beings. When the ancient Chinese philosophers talked about "neutralization", they placed people in the space between heaven and earth to measure their state. Needham also said that no matter how people describe it, this is the basic attitude of Chinese culture for a long time, man is not the center of the universe, but man has a certain role in the universe, that is, to assist nature, Chinese connect man and the universe to think about the state of the whole thing.
"Neutralization" emphasizes the coexistence, change, and harmony of the opposites of things, and pays attention to the synergy between the various elements of difference and diversity of different things in the constant movement and change. The idea of neutralization also profoundly affects chinese medicine.
The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic is a comprehensive medical book and a collection of pre-Qin medical culture, involving 13 disciplines such as astronomy, geography, agriculture, smelting, humanities, and philosophy. It starts from the word "he" and carries out the idea of neutralization throughout. The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classics include two parts, suqin and lingshu, with 81 articles each, for a total of 162 articles. The word "he" appears 79 times in the Su Qing and 74 times in the Lingshu, involving various aspects of human physiology, pathology, and the law of regulation. Another classic work, Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases, mentions the word "he" 81 times. The key to the treatment of diseases in Chinese medicine is to adjust the human body to a neutral state – that is, a normal human body state.
I oppose the description of Traditional Chinese medicine as the culture of Traditional Chinese medicine, which is a medicine and a medicine with a deep Chinese cultural heritage, which is different from Western medicine. Chinese medicine believes that the human life process is always in uninterrupted change, and maintaining the coordination, harmony and relationship between the internal environment and the external environment is the foundation of human life and health. This is the value that TCM always pursues in the treatment process. TCM treatment aims to restore the coordinated state of the human body, so TCM tends to treat holistically.
Traditional Chinese medicine, which was born out of traditional Chinese culture, runs through the idea of "he" from theory to practice, which is the cornerstone of understanding and understanding of traditional Chinese medicine. The idea of "and" in Chinese medicine includes the following two aspects.
The first is the "harmony" between man and the nature of heaven and earth. Lao Tzu said, "Man's law, earth's law, heaven's law, heaven's law, and dao's nature." Heaven, earth, and man are subordinated to nature, and nature is the greatest law and phenomenon. Therefore, Chinese medicine observes people and heaven and earth together, believing that people should obey the laws of nature.
It is mentioned in the Su Qing that "man is born of the qi of heaven and earth, the law of the four hours is completed, the lady is born on the earth, the life is suspended in the heavens, the heavens and the earth are angry, and the fate of man is known." To judge a person's state of life, we must first look at the operation of the yin and yang at four o'clock, which is called the old age, that is, spring, summer, autumn and winter. Smooth coordination with the age qi, life is very harmonious, healthy, otherwise it is easy to get sick. Therefore, to live a long and healthy life, you cannot violate the laws of nature.
The second is the "harmony" of the spirit and spirit in the process of life. Only when the spirit of heaven and earth is harmonious can life be conceived. Guan Zi was a famous philosopher of the Warring States period, who proposed that "mortals are born of their essence, the earth out of their form, and they are considered to be human beings, and they are born, and discord is not born." The generation of man requires the harmony of the spirit and God. Therefore, Jingqi is a very important concept in Chinese medicine, and a person's change from birth to death is related to the change of Jingqi.
"Health care is to nurture and care for people's lives"
Chinese medicine pays great attention to health care, and health care is to nurture and care for human life under the guidance of Chinese medicine theory.
Now we often talk about "treating diseases before they occur", that is, paying attention to the prevention of diseases. If the disease is in the near future, it needs to be immediately saved from germination; if it is already sick, it must be prevented from continuing to change and not spread throughout the body; and for the disease that has been cured, it must be prevented from recurring. Therefore, there are four concepts of TCM health maintenance: prevention before illness, desire to save the disease, prevention of disease, prevention of disease, and prevention of recovery. Health science is from the beginning of life, to the long, old, has been, the whole process is within the scope of health. Therefore, health care can cover the treatment of diseases, but the treatment of diseases cannot cover health.
The Tang Dynasty physician Wang Bing has such a commentary on the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic: "If you follow the yin and yang method and follow the health path, then the muscles and bones of the bone marrow will be appropriate, so the qi and blood can be in accordance with the times and the qi." Although Chinese medicine talks about the meridians, qi and blood, etc., in the end, it still settles on "Shunshi and Qiye", that is, to be consistent with heaven and earth.
The sum of people as a whole pays attention to "excessive harm, inheritance is the system, and the system is biochemical." This means that two different things are connected, such as yin and yang, and if the yang is hyperactive, more or more, the yin can return to a harmonious state if it is balanced. Therefore, Zhang Jingyue, a famous medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty, proposed in the "Analogy of Scriptures", "The opportunity to cover the creation of creation must not be lifeless, nor can it be uncontrolled, and if there is no birth, it will develop without reason, and if there is no system, it will be harmful." The system of harm is also "the sum of his peace", which is the overall view of Chinese medicine.
If a person's internal organs, qi and blood are very healthy, the facial features will behave better in the form of the outside, the so-called "lung qi through the nose, lungs and nose can know the smell", this is the meaning. In addition, in the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic, it is said, "Those who are willing to do so, so the spirit of the Emperor, the soul of the soul, the cold and warm, and the moody are also" "The spirit of the spirit is straight, the soul is not scattered, the remorse is not uplifted, and the five viscera are not subject to evil." People's mental state has a very important significance for people's health, so people's spirit should always remain healthy.
"How to use the law of "and" to guide health care"
The following describes how to use the law of "and" to guide health.
First, heaven and man means that the Tao fa is natural and conforms to the four hours. "Humanity and the Heavenly Dao are harmonious and auspicious, and the contradiction is fierce", and the personnel are consistent with the natural affairs, that is, harmony and neutralization.
The biochemistry of all things has its own natural way, and health care should grasp the time of self-recovery of the human body's righteous qi from the natural laws of biochemistry to carry out appropriate maintenance. For example, the disease in the spring is more likely to invade the lungs, and in the summer it will recover step by step, which is the time for recovery. In the field of view of Chinese medicine, the process of treating diseases should be combined with changes in the climate of heaven and earth, which is called "tuning at four o'clock". The "Lingshu" mentions: "Because of the sum of the years, and the few thieves are less sick, the people are less sick and less dead; the years are more thieves and evil, and the cold and temperature are not harmonious, then the people are sick and die." "There is also a precaution, that is, spring and summer yang, autumn and winter yin. Health maintenance, longevity, adoption, and storage are all put forward according to the principle of the four heavenly people. In spring and summer, the yang qi leaks out, the yang tends to the surface, and the yang weakens, so the yang should be raised in the spring and summer; the yang should be adducted in the autumn and winter, and the yin and yang should be raised with the yang, so the yin and yang should be coordinated, so the autumn and winter should be nourished. That is to say, according to the seasons, to adjust the relationship between yin and yang.
Chinese medicine also emphasizes the sunrise and sunset, which is also heavenly and human. It is necessary to arrange work and rest according to the season, lie down early in the spring and summer, and get up early in the autumn and winter, which is in line with the operation law of the sun and the moon.
Second, the form and spirit are harmonious, that is, the body and mind should be harmonious. In Chinese medicine, the heart is not only the main bloodline, but also the main god. Only by having peace of mind and flowing with qi and blood can we achieve self-physical and mental harmony. The main god of the heart has a lot to do with emotions, so we must pay attention to adjusting emotions when maintaining health. For example, some elderly people are overwhelmed, do not do anything satisfactory, and lose their temper when they are not satisfied, which will affect their health. The elderly still have to serve the old first, and then find something suitable for themselves to do, and then they will be happy.
In addition, in the pursuit of inner harmony, it is necessary to "lead to the virtual pole and keep quiet.". To attain the void is to minimize desire; to be quiet, to calm the mind. We must "see the simplicity and embrace simplicity, less selfishness", maintain their true colors, and do not have too many unrealistic desires. We must have a good attitude towards the world, people should be a little indifferent, open-minded, magnanimous, generous, mentality determines the quality of life, affect the level of health. This is the health concept of Chinese medicine.
Third, diet and diet should be "respectful and five tastes, take care of the spleen and stomach." It is to nourish our spleen and stomach and carefully adjust our diet. What is the "Five Tastes of Caution and Harmony"? "Five grains for nourishment, five fruits for help, five livestock for benefit, five vegetables for filling", cereals, fruits, meat, vegetables and other nutrition should be comprehensive. Chinese medicine has never emphasized vegetarianism. According to statistics, the life expectancy of vegetarian people is more than ten years less than that of people with normal diets. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful and five flavors in order to eat a healthy diet.
Diet can not be too much, the taste is too sour, too salty, too bitter, too sweet is not good, to emphasize neutralization. The damage caused by inappropriate five tastes will cause the partial prosperity and decline of the corresponding organs, so that the functions of the organs will be lost, resulting in the occurrence of various diseases. The medication of Traditional Chinese medicine treatment is to use the bias of the five tastes to adjust the bias of the internal organs, make up for the deviation and save the shortcomings, and enable the five organs to return to the normal state of coordination. Moderate hunger and fullness, not eating and drinking, is also a very important point in the diet, "those who do not know how to eat well, not enough to survive."
There is also a concept in healthy diet called personalized dining, that is, choosing food according to your own physical condition. For example, eat more beef and mutton in winter, drink more sour plum soup and mung bean soup in summer, and eat more spicy things in a humid environment. For example, turtles, white fungus, bird's nest can raise yin and jin, mutton, venison can warm the kidneys and aphrodisiacs, etc. Therefore, people with weak yang qi, people with yin deficiency, and people with more phlegm and wet phlegm choose to choose, there is a certain amount of attention.
Fourth, dynamic and static, that is, the combination of work and leisure. Chinese medicine has a lot of guidance on the method of exercise, such as the "Su Qing" proposed, "do not work in vain, can be shaped and divine", do not carry out labor beyond the range of physical strength, in order to "form and work tirelessly". Not being overworked physically and mentally is an important law of health, and working tirelessly is moderation of work and leisure, that is, movement and stillness. Proper exercise can lead to longevity. There are many health sports in China, the most famous of which are four, namely Five Birds Play, Tai Chi, Yi Jian Jing, and Baduan Jin, and people can choose different exercise methods according to their physical condition.
Chinese medicine believes that everything should be moderate, for example, "long-term sight wounds blood, long-lying wounds, long-term sitting wounds, long standing wounds bones, long walking wounds tendons, is said to be the five labors injured." Too much has a negative impact, young people exercise a little more, the problem is not big; but if the old age does not pay attention, there will be a problem. There is a sentence in the "Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic": "Spring, summer, autumn and winter, four hours of yin and yang, illness arises from excessive use." "Overuse is the root cause of illness.
All in all, the rules of health include heaven and man, essence and spirit, form and spirit, diet and, living and living, emotion and mind, movement and stillness, and so on. Loss of harmony can lead to unhealthy body, illness, and even death. The Western Han Dynasty thinker Dong Zhongshu said in "Spring and Autumn Prosperity": "Those who can neutralize and nourish their bodies will have a great lifespan." "If a person wants to live to a high age in good health, he must be neutralized and nourished.
Today, with the development of the times, the causative factors are becoming more and more complex, and the treatment methods are gradually becoming more personalized. Traditional Chinese medicine based on the idea of neutralization cannot be replaced by modern medicine, whether it is its academic theory or therapeutic principles, it will have a wide range of application value and development prospects in the future.
Column Editor-in-Chief: Gong Danyun Text Editor: Xu Bei Title Image Source: Visual China Image Editor: Yong Kai
Source: Author: Yan Shiyun
![What did the Jia family get raided for? The answer lies in Wang Xifeng's story, and many details have been exposed[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)