In March 1937, after the teaching regiment was broken up, more than a dozen of our comrades formed a guerrilla group to fight guerrillas and find troops.
The enemy posted notices and wanted notices everywhere, and when they caught the Red Army soldiers, they were killed. We are hiding in the east and the west, exhausted and in unimaginable difficulties.
On the third day, our squad was finally dispersed by the enemy searching the mountain. I was alone in the wilderness and the wilderness against the enemy. As it grew dark, the horse bandits searching the mountain roared and left. I came out of the cave, looked at the vast sky, thought about this tragic journey, and then looked at the gloomy desert in front of me, and I couldn't help but fill my chest with hatred and grief.
This was the first time I had left the army alone, without comrades who fought side by side and shared hardships, which was worse than leaving my parents and leaving my homeland. The night wind struck, and the cold forced in. I suddenly felt that the harsh natural conditions and the fierce search and suppression of the enemy would put me in a desperate situation. If you want to find a way to find the troops, no matter how difficult it is, you must go back alive. I will continue to make a revolution with the Party!
The enemy searched like grate hair every day, and the situation was very sinister. One day at dawn, I climbed to the bottom of the mountain by a black river, creeping in the bushes by the big rock. At this time, the fog was very thick, and it was not very clear to see in a dozen steps. I felt that the terrain and the weather at this time were more favorable for my shade, close to the main road, and at the foot of the mountain, foggy, and the enemy was likely to neglect the past.
I was contemplating what to do next, when a Red Army soldier who was being chased by the enemy ran desperately toward the place where I was hiding. Although he ran past me, the horse bandits swept around me.
I was finally spotted by a bearded bandit in the midst of a scolding. He was startled at first, and then he shouted, "Here!" The enemy heard the sound and came at me with his gun.
"Haha, you Communist Party didn't run away in the end, hurry up and get me out!"
Obviously, the enemy regarded me as a Red Army soldier who had just run away from here. I hadn't eaten in three or four days, I was hungry and cold, and my whole body was weak.
But thinking that I could entangle the enemy for one more minute, I could make the comrade run farther, I bit my teeth, stood up suddenly, and glared at him. The enemy surrounded me and approached me step by step, and when he saw that I had no weapons on me, an old bandit soldier had the audacity to shout, "See where you are still running." search! ”
A few soldiers stepped forward in response, pushed and shoved, searched up and down all over their bodies, and turned out a little opium smoke that I used to change food. When the enemy saw this thing, he smiled happily, you smelled it, he licked it.
One of the bandits asked me, "What are you from?"
"Guizhou people." In fact, I am from Fujian, but in order not to reveal the identity of the Red Army, I did not say it directly.
"What's it for?"
"Pick up the burden for the Red Army."
"Do you recognize Xu Xiangqian?"
"I haven't seen it."
"Afraid of death?"
"From the battle on the high platform, we know the barbarism of the enemy. Red Army soldiers were caught and often killed after questioning. This time it was his turn.
In the face of the inhuman horse bandits, thinking that they died for the poor and fulfilled the responsibilities of a Communist Party member, they felt very calm in their hearts, so they widened their eyes and replied: "Casually." If it falls into your hands, sooner or later you will die anyway. ”
"You are not afraid of death, you must be a Communist Party!"
"The poor are not breeds either!" When I finished, I closed my eyes.
The enemy soldier poked the barrel of his gun at the back of my head a few times, but for a while the gun did not fire. Is it the enemy who deliberately creates terror, waiting for me to spare my life and beg for forgiveness, to make fun of me, and to shoot me to death with another shot?
I soon realized that the enemy's teasing was a test for me at a life-or-death juncture. As a Communist Party member, in the face of such a test, we must not become a soft egg, and we must be willing to give up our lives for the liberation of the toiling masses, as the Party organization taught.
There was a "ping-pong" sound, and the gun rang out. My heart skipped a beat and my train of thought was interrupted. However, there was no sense of pain in his body, and he only heard the teasing laughter of the horse bandits in his ears.
I opened my hateful eyes and stared at the enemy, and one of them said to me, the baby, stay and do things for us. The other said, "Count your luck and spare your life." I have not thanked the chief for not killing. "Say, come over and press my head."
I craned my neck and one side of my face, and I didn't pay any attention. I was trembling with rage, and I wished I had a shell gun in my hand and named them one by one.
I was locked up in a leaky mud house. There were already seven people locked up inside, all of whom looked like Red Army soldiers, probably like me, who had been left behind as long-term workers, and it was really angry.
The day passed, only two leftover meals to eat, not water to drink. After dark, sleep on cold, damp ground. The dark and heavy night was heavy, and the eight people were silent, probably thinking about their personal thoughts.
I fell into a confused meditation, did the enemy really leave me to be driven like an animal for them? Maybe they really think I'm just a porter. How could a five-foot-tall man, a Communist, suffer this humiliation! Escape, can you escape? Where to escape?
I flipped around, thought about it, and gradually sorted out a clue from the chaotic thinking: as long as the enemy does not kill me, I will live tenaciously. No matter where I go to the end of the world, as long as I have the opportunity, I will run away, go to the party, go to the army. Whether it's a long worker or a cow or a horse, I'm going to grit my teeth and survive this disaster.
The next day, I took off a torn gown and changed into a full meal. Two days later, the enemy took us to Zhangye County in Gansu Province.
After we were transferred to Zhangye County, we were not asked to perform any hard labor, but there were often bad news that horse bandits had killed our Brothers of the Red Army class. This kind of mental torture puts people in a state of extreme tension in their hearts. Once again, I feel that this time the days of the revolution are not far away.
Since death is inevitable, there is no need to be greedy for life and afraid of death. Just waiting to die like this, it is really too unjust to die. I just think that if I catch a horse bandit and die before I die, I will make one last contribution to the revolution.
One night the enemy called us out. I thought it was my turn. Judging from the faces of the victims, although the expressions are not the same, they are probably aware of this.
Everyone was silent, walking slowly on the dark street. We were strung together by a rope and could not escape. On the road, in the corners of the walls, there are not even large stones that can smash the enemy to death. It seems that only bare-handedness is desperate.
I was thinking that the horse bandits had taken us into a large courtyard. A man who looked like an officer shouted at us: "Our commander is injured, and you honestly carry a stretcher and send the commander to Xining with Lao Tzu." Whoever doesn't lift it will shoot, and if he's not honest, he'll smoke you! ”
Hearing this, the tense nerves relaxed. Oh! This time, instead of being pulled out and beheaded, the leader of the horse bandits was wounded by our army, which shows that the Red Army is still fighting, has not been destroyed, and may be operating in this area.
Thinking of this, the thought of running away to find the troops arose in my heart, and I couldn't help but breathe a long sigh of relief.
Heavy stretchers pressed against our shoulders, and we lined up in single rows to walk laboriously on the main road to Qinghai Province, and if we didn't pay attention, the leather whips and butts fell on our backs.
A sick friend, unable to withstand the torture of a long journey, fainted and fell to the ground. The inhumane horse bandit did not say a word, swung a knife and slashed, brutally killing him.
Looking at the martyrs who fell in a pool of blood, hatred filled my chest. The strong desire to take revenge has strengthened my belief in living. The key for a communist who is not afraid of falling into the clutches of the devil is to maintain the integrity of the revolution and not to shake his will to fight for communism all his life.
From Zhangye through Folk Music, into the territory of Qinghai Province, on the way to Obo, I had abdominal pain and made. At first, it was a faint pain, but later, the pain intensified, the stomach was like a knife, the feet became weaker and weaker, and the stretcher on the shoulder seemed to suddenly increase by a thousand pounds.
I was just about to stop when the enemy rushed over and was a rifle butt. Immediately before my eyes, I saw the savage killing of the friend who had fallen a few days ago. I can't repeat this senseless sacrifice, I want to save myself. I struggled with unbearable pain and staggered to the accommodation.
When we arrived in Xining, we were locked up for five or six days, and the enemy escorted us to Lanzhou with a string of ropes. At this time, although it is April, there is no spring in sight.
The city of Lanzhou, the ruins of the broken wall, full of devastation, the cold wind raging, a withering. The Nationalist Ninety-ninth Division was stationed here. Only later did we gradually learn that the enemy had gathered the captured Red Army here to screen, check the Party members, check the cadres, and behead them and bury them alive when they found out.
I am well aware that yet another severe test of life and death lies ahead.
The enemy's coercion and inducement appeared so powerless in the red army soldiers. The soft bones of greed for fear of death are not absent, but the oil and water that the enemy has obtained from this limited traitor are also extremely limited after all.
They were poor in their skills, and finally had to decide to repatriate a large number of Red Army prisoners to their places of origin. The enemy's butcher knives and money failed to reveal my identity, so they also photographed me, paid for the journey, and escorted me on the way back home.
At the same time as me, more than 90 people were repatriated, mostly from Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, and Hubei. As soon as I left Lanzhou, I began to calculate in my heart and send it back to my hometown, is this not leaving the tiger's mouth and entering the wolf's den? Can the landlords there, the "shoveling communists", spare me, the "red molecule"? Moreover, the road is dangerous and obstructive, and it is a long way, and I am afraid that if I can't get out of this northwest plateau, I will freeze and starve to death.
If you want to live, there is only one way: escape. Only by returning to the ranks of the Party can we talk about killing the enemy and taking revenge and making a revolution.
I made up my mind to escape, and every day I looked for opportunities, while also looking for a partner.
Among the prisoners sent was a soldier I knew in the teaching regiment, he was a native of Xingguo, Jiangxi, who had been a technical secretary, whose feet had frozen off eight toes, and who had a hard time walking, so I helped him, and when he was sharpened and stayed, I also took care of him as much as possible. He saw that I cared for and helped him in difficulties, thanked me very much, and gradually showed his trust in me and was willing to talk to me.
Once, when I consciously touched on the topic of the future, he revealed the idea that it was better to go home than to go to the Red Army again. It seems that he is desperate for the revolution. This was also inevitable under the harsh conditions at that time. After two more conversations, there was no change in his understanding, and I had to dismiss the original idea of him.
One day, our ragged and disheveled captives came to Huining. When passing through the center of the county town, I saw the opportunity again, and when the bandits escorting us were not paying attention, I pulled Comrade Zhu Liangcai, who was wandering in the streets of Huining, into the repatriation team.
The enemy was transferred from county to county, and the handover was not serious, which gave me an inspiration, and it seems that when the opportunity to escape, the enemy will not soon find out.
Although hunger and exhaustion haunted me like a devil, the conviction of trying to return to the army alive and return to the embrace of the Party supported me and enabled me to withstand all the hardships along the way.
The technical secretary, perhaps out of good intentions, or perhaps mocking my whimsy, always said: "Don't be a fool, haven't you eaten enough?" You want to find the troops and the party, but where is the party? When and when will the revolution be victorious? ”
Comrade Zhu Liangcai and I answered categorically: The party is in my heart, and as long as I think of the party in my heart and do not leave the party, I will certainly be able to find the party. As long as the Party remains, the soldiers of the Red Army will not be able to kill them, and the revolution will certainly be able to achieve final victory.
One day in late May, we came to the artemisia shop in Xipingliang County, more than 20 miles. It's a small town, surrounded by mountains on all sides, and the main road runs through the town. The enemy locked us up in a country house on the north side of town.
After a day of walking, exhausted and having eaten something, everyone curled up against the wall and lay down, some of them moaning in pain from time to time in their sleep. Although I was tired and sleepy, I had trouble sleeping for a while because I was worried about escaping, and I was looking forward to the opportunity to escape from the cage.
I will never forget this day. Just as we were eating breakfast, the four of us took the opportunity to go to the toilet and ran out of the town and ran north... This is where new twists and turns, new hopes, new life of struggle begin.
We finally got our wish and returned to the ranks of the soldiers of the Red Army and to the embrace of the Party. When we arrived at the headquarters of the Western Aid Army and met Comrade Ren Bishi, Commander Liu Bocheng, Political Commissar Zhang Hao, and other relatives, in the face of the enemy's cruel torture and humiliation, we never shed a single tear, and we could not even snatch out our own eyes.
From being captured to escaping from death, I have experienced bitterness and bitterness in two months, and it is only because the party is like a ray of sunshine illuminating my heart that I have survived many hardships, and now that I am back with my relatives, I have accumulated a thousand words in my heart, and I have only picked the most important sentence to pour out: The party seeks liberation for the toiling masses, and I will make a revolution with the party forever.
Li Kuanhe (1913-2001) was a native of Qingliu County, Fujian Province, who joined the Red Army in June 1930 and the Communist Party of China in 1931. During the agrarian revolutionary war, he served as a soldier in the Adjutant Office of the Second Column of the Red Fourth Army, a propagandist in the Political Department of the Second Column of the Red Fourth Army, the secretary of the general branch of a certain department of the Central Red Army, the leader of the Party Group of the Party School of the Central Soviet District, a battalion instructor, a regiment organization officer, and the director of the Club of the Special Agent Regiment of the Western Route Army of the Red Army. He participated in the long march and the hard work of the Western Route Army. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he served as the commander of the Yongxing Detachment of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, the political commissar of the Pingjin Detachment of the First Army of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Army, the political commissar of the Fifth Regiment of the 5th Detachment of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army's Eastward Advance Column, the leader of the Jinnan Detachment, the director of the Working Group of the 115th Division, the member of the Military and Political Committee of the Jilu Border Region, the political commissar and deputy commander of a military sub-district of the Jilu Border Military Region, and the political commissar of the division's health department. During the Liberation War, he served as the political commissar of Tonghua Municipal Hospital in Liaoning Province, the political commissar of China Medical University, the mayor of Xingshan City, and the secretary of the Municipal Party Committee of the CPC. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as the political commissar of the Third Bureau of the Quartermaster Department of the Central and Southern Military Region and the deputy director of the Political Department of the Guangdong Provincial Military Region. He was awarded the rank of colonel in 1955. He was promoted to the rank of colonel in 1962. In 1957, he was awarded the Order of August 1, Second Class, the Order of Independence and Freedom, Second Class, and the Order of Liberation, Second Class. In 1988, he was awarded the Medal of Merit of the Red Star, Second Class. He died in Changsha on May 28, 2001 at the age of 88.
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