On April 24 (June 10) of the third year of Zhang Wu's reign (223), Liu Bei died of illness at the Age of Sixty-three at the Age of Sixty-Three. For Liu Bei's death, people are more impressed by Yong'an Tuoguo, liu Bei's last words, and it is easy to ignore what kind of predicament the Shu kingdom experienced after Liu Bei's death, and how much challenge Zhuge Liang faced!
Internal rebellions have erupted
Liu Bei declared himself emperor in 221 AD, and in the same year he sent an army almost with the strength of the whole country to attack Wu, but suffered a crushing defeat at Yiling in 222 AD. The defeat of Yiling almost caused the loss of the second generation of outstanding generals of the Mesozoic generation of the Shu kingdom and the elite soldiers of the Shu state, although Liu Bei had a great reputation, but when Liu Bei was gone, all parts of the Shu state began to stir.
Han Jia taishou huang element was not good for Zhuge Liang, who heard of the disease of the first lord, feared that there would be a future problem, raised the county to rebel, and burned the city of Qiong. - "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Biography of Yang Hong"
The first person to jump back was not the Nanzhong region, but Han Jia Taishou Huang Yuan, and when Huang Yuanju rebelled, Liu Bei was not even dead, but he was seriously ill. And Huang Yuan's reason for rebellion is also very interesting, because Zhuge Liang did not like him. In Huang Yuan's view, after Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang must have controlled the military and politics, afraid that Zhuge Liang would liquidate himself, so he reversed in advance, at that time Zhuge Liang was in the White Emperor, fortunately Yang Hong responded in time and extinguished this rebellion near Chengdu.
The first lord Xue, Gao Ding rebelled against Yue Wei, Yong Min rebelled against Jianning, and Zhu Bao rebelled against Mu Mu. - "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"
Then there was the large-scale rebellion that occurred in the southern central region after Liu Bei's death. The rebellions in various places are recorded in detail in the "Biography of Li Hui", and it is not as simple as the barbarian Meng Yue described in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". At that time, the main force of the rebellion in the southern central region was also the local Han nationality, and then instigated the barbarians to rebel together, and there was also the figure of Eastern Wu behind it.
Liu Bei died of illness in April, and around June, the Han Chinese haoqiang Yongmin of Yizhou County instigated a rebellion together with Zhu Bao, the Taishou Zhu Of Mu County, Gao Ding the Prince of Yue County, and Meng Yu, the leader of the ethnic minorities in Yizhou County. They killed Taishou Zheng'ang of Yizhou County, and then captured the successor Taishou Zhang and sent them to Eastern Wu, yue yue county killed the county general Jiao Huang, and Mu Ke county killed Chang Yi to oppose the Shu Han regime.
Due to the great defeat of Shu Hanxin, the huge loss of troops, and the fact that Liu Bei had just died, the domestic situation needed to be rectified, so Zhuge Liang did not immediately take military action to suppress the rebellion, but took measures to appease, but did not achieve any results, and the entire southern central region was in chaos.
Wu Guohu stared at it
After the Battle of Yiling, in order to avoid two-front combat and deal with Cao Pi's army, Sun Quan once sent envoys to Liu Bei to ask for peace, and Liu Bei also agreed, but the Wu-Shu alliance had not yet fully recovered. Now that Liu Bei is dead, Wu Guo's attitude has changed, Liu Bei has died, and the lord Shao Guo is suspicious, it is difficult to say that Sun Quan did not take the opportunity to attack the Shu state, and the facts have proved so.
According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Biography of Lü Kai, after Yong Min instigated a rebellion in Nanzhong, he and Sun Quan contacted each other, and later simply surrendered to Sun Quan, and Sun Quan was also happy to see the civil unrest in Shu and appointed Yong Min as Yongchang Taishou (Wu Yao as Yongchang Taishou).
In addition to supporting the rebels within the Shu state, Sun Quan also ignored the emissaries sent by the Shu state and showed hesitation about re-forming the alliance. According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Biography of Deng Zhi, Zhuge Liang sent Deng Zhi to reconcile with Eastern Wu, but Sun Quan was very suspicious and did not immediately receive Deng Zhi at first (Quan Guo fox doubted, from time to time to see Zhi). Deng Zhi then sent a message to Sun Quan and said, "I have come not only for the sake of the Shu Kingdom, but also for the Sake of the State of Wu, and Sun Quan has only received Deng Zhi.
Wei Guo clapped his hands and said fast
Although Cao Wei could not directly send troops to attack the Shu state, they could be described as "clapping their hands and saying that they were happy" about Liu Bei's death. According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Biography of Huang Quan, when the news of Liu Bei's death reached the State of Wei, the Wei state's courtiers rushed to celebrate each other, but Huang Quan did not show a happy look. (And the first lord asked, Wei Qunchen Xianhe and quan alone)
At that age, Wei Situ Huaxin, Sikong Wang Lang, Shang Shu Ling Chen Qun, Tai Shi Ling Xu Zhi, Gurudwara Servant Zhuge Zhang each had a book and a bright, Chen Tianfeng personnel affairs, in order to make the whole country famous. - "Zhuge Liang's Collection"
In addition to celebrating, Cao Wei also took measures to persuade him to surrender, and the famous scholars of the State of Wei at that time, such as Hua Xin, Wang Lang, Chen Qun, Xu Zhi, and others, wrote letters to Zhuge Liang, who was entrusted by Liu Bei, hoping that he would be able to "claim the title of the whole country" and directly take Shu Han to join Cao Wei.
In short, the fiasco of Yiling and the death of Liu Bei had a profound impact on the Shu Han Dynasty, with internal rebellions and external tigers looking at them. Zhuge Liang judged the situation and first sent Deng Zhi to repair Eastern Wu and stabilize the Wu-Shu alliance; the north made defensive arrangements against Cao Wei; and used two years of preparation to quickly quell the rebellion in southern and central China in 225. When the internal and external troubles were completely eliminated, The Minister finally began his northern expedition...
References: Notes on Pei Songzhi in romance of the Three Kingdoms, And Lu Simian in History of the Three Kingdoms