In China's history, the mainland has experienced many periods of division. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were the first Great Schism, lasting more than 450 years. Later, after Qin Shi Huang unified China, it ended the first great division.
After the Han Dynasty, the mainland experienced a second division that lasted for more than three hundred years, that is, the Wei and Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties, which ended with Li Yuan's establishment of the Tang Dynasty. After the Tang Dynasty, war once again swept the country, and the third great split of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period gradually took shape.
Among them, the Three Kingdoms period was in the period of the division of the Southern and Northern Dynasties of Wei and Jin, and Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan were in a three-legged position, dividing China into three pieces of cake and forming a confrontational situation in the Eastern Han Court. At that time, there were wars in various places, and several forces competed with each other to win more than they did.
During the Three Kingdoms period, the regime was divided
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to the young age of Emperor Xian of Han, the power of the dynasty fell into the hands of Dong Zhuo, resulting in continuous internal turmoil in the entire court. The famous Yellow Turban Uprising broke out under the circumstances of foreign monopoly and political corruption, and forces from all sides also rose up, forming a situation of political chaos.
After the Yellow Turban Rebellion was suppressed, Dong Zhuo single-handedly covered the sky in the court, and forces from all over the country launched a campaign against Dong Zhuo. Later, Dong Zhuo was beheaded by his righteous son Lü Bu, and various forces also developed and grew during this period.
Cao Cao raised the banner of defending the world for the Son of Heaven and raised troops everywhere, successively eliminating Lü Bu and Yuan Shu and other separatist forces, and occupying Yuzhou and Xuzhou. Later, he defeated Yuan Shao and pacified Liaodong and unified the northern region.
After Liu Biao's death, Cao Cao xing's troops captured the Jingzhou region, and Liu Bei, who was in Jingzhou, was forced to retreat to Xiakou. In order to defeat Cao Cao, at Zhuge Liang's suggestion, Liu Bei and Sun Quan allied themselves to garrison Chibi and defeat Cao's army, retaking Jingzhou, and Cao Cao also retreated to the north.
Eight years later, Liu Bei wanted to capture the Hanzhong region, and Cao Cao also had this idea, and after the two sides fought, Cao Cao returned from Hanzhong to Chang'an. Guan Yu took advantage of the situation to take Fancheng, and the area south of Xuchang responded one after another, once threatening Huaxia.
After Cao Cao returned to Luoyang, Sun Quanqian recommended that he go on a crusade against Guan Yu, but before his army reached Fancheng, Guan Yu was repulsed by Xu Huang. Sun Quan's general Lü Meng took the opportunity to sneak into Jingzhou, kill Guan Yu, and take the city of Jingzhou.
Soon after, Cao Pi forced Emperor Xian of Han to abdicate, established himself as Emperor Wen of Wei, changed the name of the country to "Cao Wei", and the Eastern Han Dynasty collapsed. A year later, Liu Bei also established political power in Chengdu and changed the name of the country to "Shu Han". Sun Quan was made the King of Wu by Emperor Wen of Wei, who declared himself emperor in Wuchang, Hubei, and changed the name of the country to "Eastern Wu".
At this point, the situation of the three countries was officially determined. Subsequently, in order to avenge Sun Quan's killing of Guan Yu, Liu Bei repeatedly sent troops to attack Sun Quan, but all of them were defeated, making Shu Han the weakest small state among the three kingdoms.
During the period of the Establishment of the Three Kingdoms, civil wars and civil strife continued, but it was strange that no foreign tribes came to harass during this period. Such a situation is rare in history, and as for the reason, it is necessary to mention the warlord Gongsun Zhan at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Threatening to shake the border outside the plug
History records the date of Gongsun Zhan's birth are unknown, only that he was born into an aristocratic family, but because of his low maternal status, he did not receive much attention. When he grew up, he could only work as a small official in the county, and the turning point in his life was Zhuo County.
According to historical records, Gongsun Zhan was tall and handsome, and he could speak eloquently, which was deeply liked by Zhuo Jun's Taishou, so he gave him his daughter Xu. With this layer of identity, Gongsun Zhan's official road has also been very smooth, and he has always been from a lieutenant to a lieutenant.
During the Guanghe period, Bian Zhang and Han Sui rebelled, and Gongsun Zhan led 3,000 men and horses to Youzhou to quell the rebellion. Later, Zhang Chun instigated the rebellion of Qiu Liju, the leader of Wuhuan in western Liaoning, and Gongsun Zhan went to Youbeiping Commandery and successfully captured the city of Liaoxi County.
Subsequently, he was given the title of Marquis of Duting and stationed at Youbeiping Commandery. During his tenure in the border cities, the nomadic peoples of the north invaded many times, and wars of all sizes were fought for five or six years.
Once, Zhang Chun and Qiu Liju xing attacked Gongsun Zhan, and the two sides fought against Shimen in the Shu state of Liaodong. After Zhang Chun was defeated by Gongsun Zan, he abandoned his wife and daughter and fled to the territory of the Xianbei State. Gongsun Zhan took advantage of the victory to pursue, but did not expect that the soldiers and horses could not keep up with the grain and grass, and was besieged by Qiu Liju in Guanzi City for more than two hundred days.
After the grain and grass in the city were exhausted, the soldiers suffered countless casualties, but Gongsun Zhan survived until Qiu Liju compromised and won without a fight. The imperial court praised him and gave him the title of Marquis of Worship. He has been kept guarding this side of the fortress area.
It is said that Gongsun Zhan was very careful about the rebellion of the nomadic peoples in the north, and every time there was a wind and grass, he immediately dispatched, from dawn to night, so that Qiu Liju and others were afraid to rush into the attack.
The Yellow Turban rebel army rebelled in the Bohai Sea, and Gongsun Zhan broke the Yellow Turban with 20,000 troops and beheaded 30,000 people.
As the Yellow Turbans prepared to cross the river to escape, Gongsun Zhan suddenly attacked halfway through the river, beheading tens of thousands of people and capturing more than 70,000 people. This battle made Gongsun Zhan famous.
Because he guarded the border pass, many foreign forces did not dare to invade, which can also reasonably explain why the country was chaotic during the Three Kingdoms period, and the border was still very calm.
Defeated and self-immolated
Gongsun Zhan was instrumental in suppressing the Yellow Turban rebellion, and when he returned to the border city of Youzhou, the imperial court sent The Prince Liu Yu to serve as the pastor of Youzhou, and as soon as he took office, he sent emissaries to the nomadic region to make up for the benefits and let them sacrifice Zhang Chun's first rank to make up for it.
Gongsun Zhan was afraid of Liu Yu's meritorious service, so he sent someone to assassinate the emissaries. Subsequently, Liu Yu went to the imperial court to weaken the garrison army, leaving only 20,000 horses for Gongsun Zhan and letting him continue to garrison Youbeiping County.
In the process of getting along with Liu Yu, Gongsun Zhan and Liu Yu had constant friction because of many disagreements. Once Emperor Xian of Han wanted to return to Luoyang, he sent Liu Yu's son Liu He to secretly run out of Chang'an to find Liu Yu.
However, Liu He told him about this matter when he passed through Yuan Shu's garrison, but unexpectedly did not get help, but was detained by Yuan Shu, and asked him to write a letter to Liu Yu, asking him to promise to lead troops to help.
Liu Yu was forced to agree in order to save himself, and Gongsun Zhan was afraid that Yuan Shu would defect and remind Liu Yu not to go, but Liu Yu did not listen to his advice. Later, Gongsun Zhan was afraid that Yuan Shu would hate him after knowing it, so he preemptively asked his younger brother Gongsun to go to Yuan Shu to make friends.
Yuan Shu then sent Gongsun Yue to attack Zhou Ang, but he was killed by Zhou Ang. Gongsun Zhan was overwhelmed with grief and attributed his brother's death to Yuan Shu. In this way, Gongsun Zhan formed an indissoluble vendetta with Liu Yu and Yuan Shu.
Soon after, Gongsun Zhan and Yuan Shu competed for Jizhou, and the two sides fought a draw. Liu Yu, dissatisfied with Gongsun Zhan's connivance with his men's plundering of the people's property, sent troops to attack Gongsun Zhan. After several days of fighting, Liu Yu and his family were captured alive by Gongsun Zhan.
Gongsun Zhan said that Emperor Xian of Han said that Liu Yu intended to usurp the throne with Yuan Shao, and that Liu Yu's clan should be beheaded in the street. At this point, Youzhou and other places all fell into the hands of Gongsun Zhan.
After Liu Yu's death, in order to avenge him, his old subordinates entangled Yan Rou of Karasuma and tens of thousands of soldiers and horses of Xian Xian to fight against Gongsun Zhan. Later, together with Liu He and Yuan Shao, they fought against Gongsun Zhan, and eventually Gongsun Zhan was repeatedly defeated because he was outnumbered.
Subsequently, Gongsun Zhan was ambushed by yuan shao's ambush and could only retreat to the city. Yuan Shao's soldiers approached the city, let people dig tunnels at the foot of the city wall to infiltrate the city, and also destroyed the watchtower. In the end, Gongsun Zhan had no way to retreat, and finally set himself on fire on a high-rise building, ending his tragic life.