Health New Knowledge | the world's first successful pig heart transplant, what is the meaning behind the "human face beast heart"?

【The world's first pig heart transplant was successful, what is the meaning behind the "human face beast heart"? 】

New source: Tencent News Knowledge Officer @ Hao Haohua

【How to survive the dangerous period after surgery?】 】

New knowledge source: Tencent News Knowledge Officer @ Beiwan Du Peng

【What is the feeling of the process of initial screening of AIDS antibodies positive and waiting for the results of the retest?】 】

Little A was a friend I met in the consultation clinic two years ago, and when I first saw him, he had an anxious expression, a furrowed brow, and a Sichuan character on his forehead. After sitting down, lean forward and keep rubbing your hands. The first sentence was: "Doctor, I initially screened positive, is it very likely that the diagnosis is very large?" What am I going to do? There was helplessness in his voice, and even a little crying.

Me: "Don't worry, a positive initial screening is not necessarily an infection, can you tell me about the specific situation?" If it is a chemiluminescent method, sometimes the sensitivity is too high, and there is a possibility of false positives. ”

Xiao A: "I had unsafe behavior two months ago, I didn't care at first, and I didn't think about AIDS at all, but a few days ago I suddenly saw the science propaganda about AIDS, I began to worry, and then I thought about going to the hospital to test it, and the result was a positive screening." What should I do if I am diagnosed? I'm only 25 years old, not long after graduating from college! ”

Me: "Don't worry, take your time, let's analyze the possibilities." What kind of group is the other side? Do you know the status of the infection? ”

Little A: "The other party is a stranger who met through the dating software, we talked very well on the software, after chatting for a while, we felt that we had a good feeling for each other, so we met offline." The other person looks healthy, sunny, and doesn't look like an infected person. I've always been more cautious and told them to test for re-occurrence, but they insisted they were healthy. Alas, at that time, there was obviously a voice telling himself that he could not, but when they really met, they had a good feeling for each other, so they couldn't hold on. An impulse, not only was there no detection, but condoms were not used. ”

ps: The safety awareness of using test strips to do rapid testing in advance is very good, but because of the existence of the window period, even if the test is negative, it cannot be said that the behavior is not risky. Because people who are in the window period after infection, the test strip cannot detect it, but it is also contagious. Therefore, the security measures must not be forgotten at any time.

Little A: "After a while, I didn't pay attention to this matter at all, nor did I think about the problem of AIDS, thinking that he looked so sunny and couldn't be an infected person, so I continued to live in peace and security." ”

"By chance, I saw an article about the probability of infection in an unprotected behavior, and suddenly the behavior flashed in my mind, and I began to be particularly worried. So, I went to a nearby hospital to do HIV antibody testing, waited with anxiety, and kept brushing the test results on my mobile phone until I saw that the test results were positive, and the psychological defense line completely collapsed. ”

"These days, I have been particularly remorseful, asking myself why there was no test beforehand? Why are no protective measures taken? There is also resentment, complaining about why he may know that he is infected and not tell me? But I still have a bit of luck in my heart, maybe the result is not accurate, it may be a false positive, so I still have hope to turn over. Because I knew that I would eventually go to the disease control to confirm, I wanted to know the result as soon as possible, so I ran over. ”

ps: Never try to judge whether a person is infected by appearance, this is not accurate. After being infected with HIV, except for a part of the population that has symptoms in the acute phase similar to a cold, most people are in the asymptomatic infection period thereafter, when there are no external symptoms that can be used to judge. Unless you progress to the AIDS phase, there will be opportunistic infections or tumors.

Me: "Well, got it. Sexual activity also doesn't necessarily infect, perhaps a false positive. For example, the chemiluminescence method, the reference value is 1, even if the result is 1.01, it will also be determined that there is a reaction, will this be the case? ”

He took out his phone and showed me the test report, which was a qualitative method that showed a positive antibody. Excessive sensitivity was ruled out.

Me: "Is there any special situation?" For example, are there any fractures? Or is there an autoimmune disease? ”

Little A: "None of this has happened recently. Doctor, is it very likely that I will be diagnosed? With that, the tears were about to flow.

ps: there are some special state of the group, there will be antibody false positive, I have personally experienced pregnant women, fracture patients, lung cancer patients, autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus patients, and a uremia patient, have had antibody false positive.

Me: "Don't worry, all we can do now is wait for the confirmatory result, maybe a false positive." Even if we are really positive, no matter how anxious we are now, we can't change that fact, and at this moment, all we can do is think about how to deal with the rest of our lives. ”

Hearing this, he looked at me with a pair of distracted eyes, and it was very uncomfortable for me. I reassured him that the probability of a behavioral infection was not high. On the one hand, he encouraged him, even if he is positive, to adhere to antiviral treatment, life expectancy will not be greatly affected, AIDS has become the same disease as diabetes and hypertension, although it can not be cured, but adhere to the regular medication can survive for a long time.

He finally let out a loud cry after a long time of patience, and I stood up and gently patted him on the shoulder, trying to give him some strength and comfort, to let him know that there were people who were willing to listen to him, and that someone would allow him to be vulnerable.

After crying, he asked, Dr. Wang, can you really live to a normal life? Will he die soon? I'm still young, I still have parents to take care of, and there are still a lot of wishes that haven't been fulfilled, and I don't want to die soon. As he spoke, he cried again.

I explained to him again, if infected, take the medicine well and regularly, the virus is effectively suppressed, maintain CD4 above 500, and do not affect life expectancy. At the same time, let go of the psychological burden, do not need to worry about the eyes of others, because no one can see that he is infected, as usual life and work.

That afternoon, he was in the office for a long time, and we kept talking about how to deal with AIDS physically and psychologically in the future. After listening to my explanation, he seemed to relax a little, but still with a sad face. In the end, I finally watched him leave in a panic, and perhaps his heart was still full of trepidation. In fact, my heart is also very regretful, very struggling, a 25-year-old child, when he first stepped into society, may face a heavy blow from life to him. But the next road, no one can walk for him, we have to encourage him, comfort him, he still needs to bear alone.

As me, I hope he can slowly get out of the haze and face it positively and calmly.

New source: Tencent News Knowledge Officer@CDC Dr. Wang Lijuan

【Will grapefruit affect the contraceptive pill?】 This is true! 】

New knowledge source: Tencent News Knowledge Officer @ Six Floors

【When is the baby food supplement added?】 Are there any food supplement signals? 】

As the baby grows, it slowly reaches the age of eating complementary foods. However, the first time to do complementary food, feeding complementary food, parents will inevitably be busy. In fact, as long as we are willing to learn, we will find that the addition of baby complementary foods is a time law to follow, and careful observation can also find that babies who eat complementary foods will "emit signals" Oh ~ ~

Today we will talk about the addition of baby food supplements.

When is the time for the addition of supplementary foods for babies?

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends feeding complementary foods to infants 4-6 months of age. In China, it is generally recommended to start adding complementary foods after the baby is 6 months old, that is, after 180 days of birth.

Of course, some parents will add complementary foods in advance according to the baby's physical condition, but it is recommended that the earliest is not earlier than 4 months old, and the latest is not later than 8 months old.

Because, this period is the best time for the baby to add complementary foods. If you add complementary foods too early, the baby's body does not have the conditions to eat complementary foods, and the supplementary food affects the amount of milk, which may cause the baby to be malnourished; and if the baby waits until 8-9 months later to start adding complementary foods, it will become very difficult for the baby to be interested in complementary foods.

What signals do you mean that your baby is going to add complementary foods?

If parents can capture the following food supplement signals from their babies, they can add complementary foods.

The head can be raised and upright

Learn to sit alone/sit firmly

Interested in food, open mouth/drooling

・The tongue-like reaction disappears, and the food is pushed outward without the tongue

Daddy Tips:

The tongue-raising reaction is a tongue squeeze (tongue push) reflex phenomenon in which he pushes food outward with his tongue when he delivers food into a baby's mouth.

This reflex fades away when the baby is 4 months old. They slowly learn to put food anywhere in their mouths with their tongues and swallow it.

What are the number of supplementary foods and precautions?

For babies who have just added complementary foods, the main purpose is to adapt to the taste of complementary foods, and there is no need to consider the specific amount of complementary foods or the time of complementary foods.

In general, you can feed complementary foods half an hour before your baby feeds, and don't wait until your baby is particularly hungry, which may make your baby very irritable.

Parents can also adjust the amount of complementary food at any time according to the baby's appetite, as long as the growth and development is normal, do not worry about whether the baby eats too much or too little.

Babies who have just added complementary foods may not like to eat because the taste is something they have never tasted before, which is normal. Coupled with the baby's original appetite is small, sometimes may only eat one or two bites, parents must not expect the baby to eat the complementary foods in the bowl, not to force the baby to eat more, eat more and eat less by the baby herself to decide

New source: Tencent News Knowledge Officer @ White Daddy

Note: The opinion of the knowledge officer is not recommended for treatment, if you need to obtain an individual disease treatment plan, please go to a regular hospital.