Speaking of Gui Yongqing, many people may not know this name, he is one of the "Thirteen Taibao" of the Revival Society. Founded in 1931, the Fuxing Society is composed of officers of the Whampoa department, advocating "one political party, one doctrine, one leader", and the famous Hu Zongnan and Dai Kasa are all members of the Thirteen taibao of the Revival Society.
Hu Zongnan was in charge of hundreds of thousands of troops for Chiang Kai-shek, known as the "King of the Northwest", and was Chiang Kai-shek's most important general, who struggled all his life but only received the rank of second-class general, and was posthumously awarded the rank of first-class general of the army after his death.
As for Dai Kasa, he was the "heavy weapon" of Chiang Kai-shek's caretaker who ran the military command for Chiang Kai-shek, and was posthumously awarded the title of lieutenant general after he was killed in a plane crash.
Figure | Gui Yongqing (old photo)
Gui Yongqing, the chief of staff of the defense department of the Taiwan regional authorities, was a first-class admiral in the Navy before his death, and was posthumously awarded the rank of first-class general of the Army, which can be described as the highest rank in the "Thirteen Taibao".
Did he make any "great contribution" to Chiang Kai-shek by accepting Chiang Kai-shek's instrument in this way? Why did he return to the West after only 44 days as chief of staff? After his death, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the investigation of him to stop, and what was he investigating?
From this experience of the Thirteenth Taibao towards "glory", we can actually see a major reason for Chiang Kai-shek's failure.
Figure | Revival Society Thirteen Taibao (old photo)
Whampoa was almost shot just after graduation
Gui Yongqing and Hu Zongnan were both students of the first phase of the Whampoa Military Academy, which held an opening ceremony on June 16, 1924, and in November of the same year, students graduated and "took up their posts", which is a typical crash course.
In that kind of extraordinary period that urgently needs to employ people, there is no time to refine and refine, and if you want to learn the skill, you still have to rely on actual combat to hone.
Most of the Whampoa First Term students formed a student army as soon as they graduated and joined the First Crusade against Chen Jiongming, which began in January 1925. After Sun Yat-sen's death, at the end of September of the same year, Chiang Kai-shek began to carry out the Second Crusade against Chen Jiongming.
Pictured| group photo of the first batch of graduates of the Whampoa Military Academy
At that time, the Crusade Army still pursued Sun Yat-sen's three major policies of "uniting with Russia, uniting with the Communist Party, and supporting laborers.", with the help of our party, the military discipline of the contingent was strict, and there was no offense against the people, and it won the support of the people.
Chiang Kai-shek also attached great importance to military discipline during that period, and instructed the Whampoa student army:
"Anyone who harasses the people or violates military discipline will be shot from the principal to the soldiers."
But in this atmosphere of single-mindedly eradicating the vices of the old army, there are still people who dare to violate military discipline, and this person is Gui Yongqing.
Pictured| Sun Yat-sen
After the Eastern Expeditionary Army captured Tamsui, Guangdong, it searched and suppressed the remnants of the enemy in Tamsui City. Gui Yongqing searched into a pawnshop, but found some pawns instead of finding the enemy. So he saw that he was rich, took some cloth from the pawnshop, bracelets, and the ocean, and then mailed it back to his hometown of Jiangzang and hid it.
After Li Zhilong, a member of our party and a representative of the Huangpu Student Army, discovered Gui Yongqing's violation of discipline, he contacted several party deputies and found a pawnshop owner to report Gui Yongqing to Chiang Kai-shek.
When Chiang Kai-shek heard the news, he was furious and immediately decided to shoot Gui Yongqing to correct military discipline, and Gui Yongqing was about to become a ghost under the gun and disappeared from history.
But the captain's secretary who delivered the death order was a good friend of Gui Yongqing's, and he deliberately turned a corner on the road to move He Yingqin to intercede for Gui Yongqing.
Figure | Li Zhilong (old photo)
When He Yingqin studied in Japan, he was with Chiang Kai-shek at the Zhenwu School in Japan, and both joined Sun Yat-sen's Alliance during this period, and after returning to China, He Yingqin served as the principal of the Guizhou Daowu School founded by the warlords of the Qian clan.
Sun Yat-sen asked Chiang Kai-shek to establish the Whampoa Military Academy, and Chiang Kai-shek brought He Yingqin in as deputy chief instructor of the Whampoa Military Academy, and later acting director of the Academic Affairs Office, second only to Chiang Kai-shek in the Whampoa Military Academy.
He Yingqin also fought very hard during the Eastern Expedition, whether it was the First Crusade to lead the student teaching group, or the Second Eastern Crusade as the commander of one of the three major armies, they achieved excellent results and won a lot of praise in the Kuomintang.
He Yingqin came out to intercede with Gui Yongqing, and Chiang Kai-shek left Gui Yongqing with one life, only to demote him.
Photo | Sun Yat-sen's speech at the opening ceremony of the Whampoa Military Academy (old photo)
Li Zhilong, who let Gui Yongqing suffer this disaster, and Gui Yongqing were both born in huangpu. Li Zhilong was deeply appreciated by Soviet advisers, and as soon as he reported Gui Yongqing, he was promoted to director of the Political Department of the Naval Bureau and head of the Naval Staff Office, and was the first in the first life of Huangpu to be awarded the rank of major general.
A few months later, when the Soviet-appointed director of the Navy returned to China, Li Zhilong immediately acted as the director of the Navy, and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general and also served as the captain of the Zhongshan ship.
After the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Gui Yongqing served as the commander of the Kuomintang Navy for a period of time, which can also be regarded as an upgraded version of Li Zhilong's position. Did the Kuomintang kill Li Zhilong and later use the violators reported by Li Zhilong to lead the navy?
Figure| Zhongshan (Beiyang Government Navy Gunboat)
Disobedience and dismissal have a bright future
Although Gui Yongqing did not dare to openly seize the people's wealth again, when Chiang Kai-shek returned from the field to reorganize the army, he was dismissed by Chiang Kai-shek for disobeying Chiang Kai-shek's orders and arranging personnel without authorization.
In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" coup d'état to succeed Wang Jingwei, who claimed to inherit the mantle of Sun Yat-sen, announced the expulsion of Chiang Kai-shek from the party and wanted to arrest Chiang Kai-shek and bring him to justice.
"Chiang Kai-shek's anti-communism is just an excuse. His counter-revolutionary actions are so mad that they cut themselves off from the Party and the people, and discipline is so great that they cannot escape the great slaughter."
Figure | 412 Counter-Revolutionary Coup (old photo)
At this time, Wang Jingwei still maintained the image of the leader of the Kuomintang's leftists, and he sent a telegram to the whole country in the name of the Kuomintang Central Committee:
"Chiang Kai-shek is slaughtering the people, destroying the party department, willing to be reactionary, and committing crimes. The Central Executive Committee has decided to expel him from the Party and dismiss him from all the posts he holds. The generals and revolutionary groups throughout the country dismissed the Central Committee and punished them in accordance with the regulations on counter-revolutionary crimes. ”
Chiang Kai-shek, with his own Huangpu troops, did not take Wang Jingwei, the leader of the Kuomintang, seriously, and set up a National Government in Nanjing, moving the anti-communist Kuomintang elder Hu Hanmin out as chairman and confronting Wang Jingwei's Wuhan National Government.
Wang Jingwei's army was dominated by warlords of all factions, and it was not up to him to listen to him, so he had no way to take Chiang Kai-shek.
Figure | Wang Jingwei (old photo)
However, when Chiang Kai-shek continued the Northern Expedition, he suffered a major defeat in Xuzhou, and at this time, the Gui warlords who had been on the side with Chiang Kai-shek also took the opportunity to unite with Wang Jingwei to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek, and Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan in the northwest took advantage of the situation at the same time.
What Chiang Kai-shek did not expect was that He Yingqin felt that his general trend had gone, and actually secretly supported the Gui clan against him, and when Bai Chongxi forced him to go to the wilderness at the meeting, he looked at He Yingqin for support, He Yingqin did not say a word, and Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to hate the wilderness and go to Japan again.
"At that time, as long as he said a word, I could not leave."
Photo | Chiang Kai-shek (old photo)
Chiang Kai-shek did not go to Japan to become a duke, he wanted to marry the Soong family in order to get the full support of Britain and the United States.
With the support of Kong Xiangxi and Song Xialing, Chiang Kai-shek married Song Meiling as he wished, and he later treated Kong Xiangxi kindly, in addition to his relatives, but also because he was grateful for Kong Xiangxi's vital assistance this time.
After the Gui clan sent a difficult alliance with Wang Jingwei and others to force Chiang Kai-shek to go to the wilderness, they fought with the Wang Jingwei faction to the point of breaking the net, and had no choice but to ask Chiang Kai-shek, who had a deeper background, to come out of the mountains to preside over the overall situation of the Kuomintang.
Picture | Kong Xiangxi and Song Xialing (old photo)
The first thing Chiang Kai-shek did when he came back was to regain control of the Whampoa army.
In February 1928, Chiang Kai-shek took advantage of He Yingqin's absence to remove He Yingqin from his post at the headquarters of He Yingqin's First Route Army, and then reorganized the troops into four group armies and made himself commander-in-chief.
Later, considering the continuous severed personal relationship between He Yingqin and the Huangpu clan, he gave the interlocutor a face and made He Yingqin the chief of staff of the General Headquarters.
Pictured| Whampoa Military Academy
In August 1928, Chiang Kai-shek reorganized the First Army into six divisions, which Chiang Kai-shek originally wanted to serve as instructors of the Whampoa Department, but He Yingqin did not agree with Chen Cheng as the commander of the 11th Division, feeling that he was not qualified enough.
Hindered by He Yingqin's influence, Chiang Kai-shek had to make a Min rebel general the commander of the 11th Division, and Chen Cheng as the deputy commander.
In order to firmly control the 11th Division, Chiang Kai-shek reorganized the two guard regiments of the General Headquarters led by Chen Cheng into the 31st Brigade and joined the 11th Division, with Gui Yongqing as the brigade commander and the deputy brigade commander temporarily vacant.
Figure | He Yingqin (old photo)
As soon as Gui Yongqing took office, he recommended to Chiang Kai-shek that Qiu Qingquan be his deputy brigade commander, but Chiang Kai-shek did not accept it and sent Li Mo'an to the 31st Brigade as deputy brigade commander.
Li Mo'an went to see Gui Yongqing, who was playing mahjong and was very impatient with Li Mo'an, telling Li Mo'an that he had recommended a deputy brigade commander to Chiang Kai-shek, as if his recommendation was greater than Chiang Kai-shek's military order.
Li Mo'an went back to complain to Chiang Kai-shek, and Chiang Kai-shek immediately removed Gui Yongqing from his post, and which superior could not tolerate Gui Yongqing's own personnel arrangements.
Photo | Li Mo'an (left) taking a photo with Huangpu classmates in his later years (old photo)
Gui Yongqing saw that he had angered Chiang Kai-shek, and then ran to Nanjing to beg He Yingqin to help him intercede, and it seemed that he was very pleasing to He Yingqin when he was in Huangpu.
However, even if He Yingqin wanted to help him reinstate his official this time, he could not do it, after all, he had committed Chiang Kai-shek's big taboo, so it was better to avoid the limelight first. So He Yingqin showed him a way to study in Germany, and Gui Yongqing had no choice but to agree.
After He Yingqin interceded, Chiang Kai-shek agreed to give Gui Yongqing 30,000 yuan to study in Germany, asking him to understand the organization of the Nazi Party in addition to studying the military. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek already had a great interest in fascism.
In 1931, as soon as Gui Yongqing returned to China, the Revival Society was established, which had the secret agent function of the "Gestapo" and uniformly wore blue clothes, so it was also known as the "Blue Clothing Society".
In that year, Gui Yongqing became one of the thirteen Taibao of the Revival Society.
Gui Yongqing's ability to incite after returning from Germany also greatly improved, and when he gave a speech to the Boy Scouts in Northeast China, he burst into tears and was passionate, which not only touched the Boy Scouts but also touched Chiang Kai-shek, who greatly praised his emotional speech, and his market rose again.
Photo | Chinese Boy Scouts (old photo)
He was the head of the training department of the Revival Society, and he also served as the chief of the teaching corps at the Central Army School, using fascism to cultivate the power of Chiang Kai-shek.
After the outbreak of the Xi'an Incident, he led the first column of the Fifth Route Army to Tongguan to "save the car" and fought a victorious battle, which was a rare victory in his life.
During the Battle of Songhu and the Defense of Nanjing, he led the General Teaching Corps to participate in the battle, but achieved little success, and he was already the commander of the 27th Army at the Battle of Lanfeng in 1938.
The Battle of Lanfeng was commanded by Xue Yue, intending to annihilate the Japanese army's lonely Toihara Division. In this battle, the Kuomintang army invested more than 100,000 troops against the Japanese army of more than 20,000 people, while the Japanese army trapped in the Lanfeng area was only 6,000 or 7,000 people, and the situation of gathering and annihilating was very good.
Photo | Chiang Kai-shek and Zhang Xueliang (old photo)
In this battle, Chiang Kai-shek paid a lot of money and gave the first mechanized division, the 200th Division, which imported German armored vehicles with huge funds, to Qiu Qingquan, deputy division commander, and put it into the battlefield.
Gui Yongqing instructed the reorganized 27th Army to march to Lanfeng as the main force, and together with Qiu Qingquan, replaced Song Xilian's 71st Army to guard Lanfeng. The commander-in-chief, Xue Yue, was deeply worried about the command ability of these two men, but he could not disobey Chiang Kai-shek's arrangement.
Before Song Xilian could finish his words when he was explaining the defense, Qiu and Gui arrogantly declared that they would undoubtedly win against the Japanese army.
"It is difficult to win more with less, and what is so difficult to win more than less?"
Gui Qingquan's words made it difficult to believe that he was a general at the level of a military commander, and Qiu Qingquan also felt that the Japanese army that fought LanFeng was completely swept away by the autumn wind.
Picture | Battle of Lanfeng (old photo)
Song Xilian and Gui Yongqing were also born in the first term of Huangpu, but they could not afford these two German returnees wearing pantyhose, so they had to say the opposite to wish the two German generals a great victory.
In Lanfeng, Qiu Qingquan actually fought a victorious battle.
One day he personally drove tanks, led several tanks, and patrolled the outskirts of Lanfeng City with the coordination of dozens of infantrymen, and encountered a group of Japanese cavalry of more than a hundred people, and Qiu Qingquan immediately led the attack, almost completely annihilating this small group of Japanese troops.
Figure | Qiu Qingquan (old photo)
At this time, Qiu and Gui were even more inflated, and immediately reported a great victory to Chiang Kai-shek, expanding the results of the battle by more than ten times, so happy that Chiang Kai-shek felt that they could prepare for the celebration of the total annihilation of the Feiyuan Division.
As a result, the next day Tufei was originally revenge, a reinforcement brigade, two or three hours to fight Qiu and Gui two people collapsed, Qiu Qingquan's mechanized troops ran fast, the first disappeared, Gui Yongqing quickly let the 88th Division die, with the 27th Army also fell into the wilderness and fled.
The main force has run, what is the 88th Division still defending? So he withdrew from the fighting.
Picture | Qiu Qingquan (right) and Chiang Kai-shek (old photo)
Lanfeng was related to the entire war situation, Chiang Kai-shek quickly mobilized heavy troops to besiege Lanfeng, and with the cooperation of friendly forces, Lanfeng was recaptured by Song Xilian's 71st Army. The Japanese army that occupied Lanfeng suffered heavy losses, and the Toihara Division shrank its defensive line and was completely encircled by the Kuomintang army.
At the crucial time, Gui Yongqing cleared the chain again, and the Tufeiyuan Division counterattacked toward the position of the 27th Army, and Gui Yongqing once again escaped from the battlefield, so that the opportunity to completely annihilate the Tufeiyuan Division was once again lost.
"The enemy near Lanfeng is no more than five or six thousand at most, and I besieged buke with the strength of the 12th Division, not only is the troops complex, but they blame each other and are defeated; even if they are conquered, they are still the laughing stock of a thousand years in the history of war..."
Chiang Kai-shek's warrant was full of helplessness, these twelve divisions were all his Huangpu concubines, and the battle was fought like this, and his principal's face did not know where to put it.
Picture | Song Xilian (old photo)
At this time, the supporting troops also began to waver, resulting in the loss of Shangqiu and the threat of Xue Yue's flank.
Moreover, the encirclement and annihilation of Theo Hihara has been delayed for a long time, more units of the Japanese army have gathered, the entire battlefield form is becoming more and more unfavorable to the Kuomintang army, and if it continues to fight, it may be annihilated by the counter-encirclement, so Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to issue an order to transfer.
The Japanese base camp had originally ordered the battle to be stopped at Lanfeng, but the North China Japanese Command ordered the 14th Division in Tufeiyuan, together with the Sixth Division, to continue to pursue westward.
The Japanese army had a maximum of 40,000 people, but it beat hundreds of thousands of people from 30 divisions of Chiang Kai-shek's family to no end, and finally could only dig up the garden mouth and release water to block the Japanese army, causing the death of more than 800,000 civilians and more than tens of millions of people who lost their homes.
Figure | Officers and men holding their positions at the Battle of Lanfeng (old photo)
This historical responsibility must first be counted on Gui Yongqing's head, but after the war, the commander of the 88th Division became the first general of the concubine line to be executed by Chiang Kai-shek, and Gui Yongqing was protected by He Yingqin, who was already He Yingqin's niece and son-in-law at this time, and Chiang Kai-shek wanted to give He Yingqin a face.
During the first anti-communist upsurge in 1940, he created the "Qijiang War Cadre Massacre" in Qijiang that shocked the whole country, killing more than 200 students and maiming more than 40 people.
The War Cadre Regiment is an organization of the Kuomintang to train young cadres during wartime, and there are four regiments, all of which are headed by Chiang Kai-shek, and the specific affairs are responsible for the education chiefs of each regiment, and Gui Yongqing is the chief education officer of the first war cadre regiment.
At the end of 1939, the Group of Zhan Cadres moved to Qijiang, Sichuan (present-day Chongqing), and the drama club composed of trainees rehearsed a drama "The Death of Li Xiucheng". This drama not only has the consent of Gui Yongqing, Gui Yongqing also likes this drama.
Picture | Lee So-sung (stills)
When this drama was staged in Chongqing, it was very popular with the masses, but the agents of the war cadre regiment secretly reported to Gui Yongqing that the drama was propagating our party's ideology and that there were our party personnel in the drama club.
Regardless of whether it was true or not, Gui Yongqing took the secret report of the secret agent as an opportunity to ask for credit, and he reported it to Chen Cheng, and after obtaining his consent, he arrested all more than fifty practitioners of the drama club and tortured them for interrogation. The trainees could not withstand the torture and began to bite indiscriminately, not only biting their classmates but also biting acquaintances in the circle of friends, and the impact was getting bigger and bigger.
Later, torture forced out the case of "Han traitors", and everyone in the war gang was in danger, and even dozens of ordinary people in Qijiang were slandered as communists or traitors by the trainees who could not stand the torture.
Figure | Chen Cheng (old photo)
Some trainees were tortured and committed suicide by jumping off a building while disarming their hands, and later the trainees who were tried to untie their hands had to be held by someone with a rope to prevent them from seeking death, and they were not even allowed to ask for death without making up some guilt for themselves.
For the convicted students, Gui Yongqing ordered them to be buried alive as much as possible so as not to alarm the local people with gunshots, and some students had to punch and beat them half to death before being executed, so as to intimidate and incite other students.
In order to confirm the "criminal evidence" of our party's sabotage of the war cadres, Gui Yongqing's men secretly printed many slogans similar to our party's slogans and posted them everywhere, declaring that our party was going to carry out riots.
In addition, Gui Yongqing and his gang also embezzled the property of the victimized students, and even forced the victimized students to ask for money from their families to satisfy their greed.
Picture | Patriotic Students Propagating The Anti-Japanese Resistance (Old Photo)
It was not until some of the victimized students escaped to expose the truth to Xinhua Daily that the tragedy was revealed to the world.
However, the Kuomintang only secretly quelled the case, Gui Yongqing was transferred to the military attaché stationed in Germany, and after Zhang Zhizhong succeeded Chen Cheng as director of the political department of the Military Commission of the Nationalist Government, Zhang Zhizhong fought against the aftermath of a massacre, and the persecutors of the students escaped and arrested, but this had nothing to do with Gui Yongqing.
After leaving Qijiang Gui Yongqing successively became a military attaché in Germany and a military attaché in Britain, and after returning from the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he directly became the acting commander-in-chief of the Navy.
He was able to obtain this position because during that period, Chen Cheng succeeded He Yingqin as the head of the Military and Political Department and took over as the commander-in-chief of the Navy, so he pulled him, a close confidant, to be the deputy commander-in-chief and act as the commander-in-chief.
Photo | Xinhua Daily
Chen Cheng and He Yingqin do not deal with it, but Gui Yongqing can become a close confidant of these two people, which is Gui Yongqing's "true talent and practical learning".
Although Chiang Kai-shek knew that Gui Yongqing was incompetent, Chen Shaokuan, former commander-in-chief of the Navy and a navy elder of the Nationalist government, was reluctant to get involved in the civil war, and Chiang Kai-shek had to accept this Huangpu "dry duck" to take charge of the navy, after all, his loyalty to Gui Yongqing was still relatively assured.
Gui Yongqing was a fanatical civil war activist, but he used his own people with no experience in the navy to exclude the original naval officers, which made the naval army feel distracted.
Chiang Kai-shek often received complaints of inadequate naval cooperation, and admirals joined forces to accuse him, but his position was not secure, but he officially became the commander-in-chief of the navy in July 1948.
Figure | the order of appointment of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy
Does Chiang Kai-shek really not take the Navy seriously? No, under the situation at that time, he was already inseparable from the Navy, the situation in the northeast was already defeated, and Chiang Kai-shek had the consideration of leaving a way back.
Only three months after Gui Yongqing officially became the commander of the Shanghai Army, Chen Cheng was sent by Chiang Kai-shek to pass through Taiwan and let himself and Chen Cheng's cronies take control of the navy and serve as a bridge between Taiwan and the mainland, so that Chiang Kai-shek could rest assured.
When Chiang Kai-shek withdrew from the mainland, Gui Yongqing did his best to help Chiang Kai-shek transfer the country's family to Taiwan, but his factional evil deeds still brought disastrous consequences to the Kuomintang Navy.
Naval warships surrendered to our army one after another without being attacked by our army, and even the flagship "Chongqing" declared an uprising and abandoned the Kuomintang.
Figure | Chongqing at the dock (old photo)
More than seventy warships "defected," and there were only about fifty warships left in the Kuomintang navy, and the Kuomintang attacked Gui Yongqing en masse, plus he regarded the navy as his own territory and sent "prince" Chiang Ching-kuo to the navy
The political and war personnel did not cooperate, so that Chiang Kai-shek finally could not bear it anymore and drove him out of the navy.
Fortunately, At that time, Chiang Kai-shek's first red man, Chen Cheng, was still willing to cover him and make him the general of the presidential palace, although this position was a fictitious post, but the good villains also allowed Gui Yongqing to maintain his dignity.
However, Gui Yongqing had just been a Qing idle official for a few years, and he heard that Zhou Zhirou was going to replace him as a military commander, and now he felt that he was going to be completely cold.
Unexpectedly, after he stepped down as chief of staff, in 1954, he was appointed chief of staff by Chiang Kai-shek and awarded him the rank of admiral of the navy, which made him overjoyed and began to express his "ambition" to counterattack the mainland everywhere.
Photo | Chiang Ching-kuo, 1948 (old photo)
In the same year, Taiwan's first provincial chairman, Wei Daoming, returned to Taiwan, and one day set up a family banquet to gather friends and invited Gui Yongqing and his wife to participate.
He died suddenly in the early hours of the next morning, at the time of his death he had been chief of staff for only forty-four days.
Before his death, he had been reported for serious corruption when he was commander of the Navy, and Chiang Kai-shek was secretly investigating him. However, when the news of his death came, Chiang Kai-shek immediately ordered the investigation of him to be stopped, and the investigation of him should not be publicized, and he was posthumously awarded the rank of general of the army.
It is not known whether Chiang Kai-shek's practice was to take into account the face of the Kuomintang or whether he wanted to give his students a decent ending.
There are also rumors that Chiang Kai-shek ordered him to be assassinated with poison needles, but in any case, Chiang Kai-shek's perseverance towards a concubine like Gui Yongqing can only show that his way of employing people is a big pit that he himself dug for himself.
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