Guo Rugui was originally a senior general of the Kuomintang. He participated in high-level military conferences personally presided over by Chiang Kai-shek, drew up battle plans, and won Chiang Kai-shek's trust.
However, in spite of this, Guo Ruzhi was discouraged, and finally risked his life to lead an uprising and left Chiang Kai-shek's clique.
After the founding of New China, there have been many theories about Guo Rugui's true identity. It was not until April 1980, when the 73-year-old Guo Rugui personally wrote a letter to the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, stating his entire history, that he finally confirmed his identity.
Guo Rujie
Lost contact with the organization, Guo Rujie gradually approached Chiang Kai-shek
Born in 1907, Guo Rugui was originally named Rugui, a native of Yinjia City, Tongliang County, Sichuan. He began to study at the age of 7 and was later admitted to Chengdu Union Middle School. In April 1926, Guo Rujie entered the 5th phase of the Whampoa Military Academy. During this period, he not only learned preliminary military knowledge, but also some revolutionary theories, and also had many contacts and contacts with the Communist Party.
In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched the April 12 coup. On the 14th, Wu Yuzhang, a member of the school council, summoned Guo Rujie and asked him to graduate early, and returned to Sichuan to try his best to get his cousin Guo Rudong (deputy commander of the Sichuan-Hubei Border Defense) to prevent Yang Sen (commander of the 20th Army and commander of the Sichuan-Hubei Border Defense) from leaving Sichuan and not to cooperate with Chiang Kai-shek's attack.
After Guo Rugui returned to Sichuan, he lost contact with Wu Yuzhang and had to stay in Guobu for three years. During this period, in May 1928, Guo Rugui was introduced by Yuan Jingming, deputy of the Major Regiment and head of the Communist Party branch, and joined the Communist Party of China. But later, due to the war, he lost organizational contact.
In 1930, Guo Rujie went to Japan to study, and the sound of the "918" gunshot woke him up from his nightmare. In November 1931, Guo Rugui angrily gave up his studies and returned to his motherland.
After returning to China, Guo Ruzhi was admitted to the Army University. In March 1932, he became the 10th batch of students of Lu University, with a semester of three years.
After graduating in 1935, Guo Rugui became an instructor in the history of European warfare. During his time at Lu University, he was received by Chiang Kai-shek. Because of Chiang Kai-shek's efforts to win him over, Guo Rujie was politically close to Chiang Kai-shek, and Chiang Kai-shek also regarded it as a force for his concubines.
In May 1937, Guo Rujie was transferred to the chief of staff of the 14th Division of the 18th Army, and later experienced the Battle of Songhu and the Battle of Wuhan.
Guo Rujie's military ability was greatly appreciated by Chen Cheng, and he looked at him differently. In 1939, he was transferred to the chief of staff of the Dongting Lake Garrison Command. The following year, he was promoted to Chief of Staff of the Twentieth Army.
Temporary
In mid-March, Chiang Kai-shek personally presided over a meeting of chiefs of staff. Attending the meeting were the chiefs of staff of various theaters, armies and armies. Guo Rujie attended the meeting as chief of staff of the Twentieth Group Army.
On October 1, 1941, Guo Rugui was appointed as the commander of the Provisional Fifth Division of the Army under the jurisdiction of the Seventy-third Army.
The Provisional Fifth Division was a unit of Long Yunfei, an indigenous native of western Hunan Province, with strong bandit habits, and was short of food and thirst, discipline was in ruins, and its combat effectiveness was extremely weak. For the time being, the soldiers received only half of the prescribed salary of the Fifth Division, and the other half was intercepted or deducted from it.
After Guo Rugui was transferred to office, he re-created the book, paid by name, put an end to all lies, and won the hearts of the army, and since then, the training and fighting of soldiers have been abnormal, and their morale has been extremely high.
In 1943, Guo Returned to chongqing to teach at the National Defense Research Institute. In 1944, he went to England as a deputy military attaché. In March 1945, he returned to China and became the deputy director of the Military Affairs Department of the Ministry of National Defense, and concurrently served as the vice president of the National Defense Research Institute.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, in order to stop the civil war and mediate in the United States, in January 1946, a three-person committee (Zhou Enlai, Zhang Qun, and Marshall) was formed by the Kuomintang, the Communist Party and the United States, and an Armistice Agreement was reached. The Military Mediation Executive Department was established for the implementation of the Armistice Agreement. Chiang Kai-shek designated Zhang Zhizhong to succeed Zhang Qun. Zhang Zhizhong asked the military and political departments and military order departments to send people as attachés. Therefore, he sent Guo Rujie and Lian Zhuangqiu, the first deputy director of the Military Command, to accompany him.
On February 14, 1946, Guo Rugui participated in a meeting of the military trio. On the first day of the meeting, issues such as the right of commander-in-chief were discussed and passed smoothly. The next day, when discussing the demobilization and deployment of the army, the two sides could not reach an agreement, so the meeting was adjourned.
After the meeting, Zhang Zhizhong wrote to Chiang Kai-shek and asked Guo Rujie to fly to Nanjing to present him. On the 16th, Guo Rujing flew to Nanjing and immediately met Chiang Kai-shek.
After reading the letter, Chiang Kai-shek asked Guo Rugui about the talks, and Guo Rugui answered them one by one and asked Chiang Kai-shek how to deal with them.
Chiang Kai-shek immediately said: "If Marshall advocates that the Nationalist and Communist armies be mixed up after twelve months and six months, he can agree." ”
Guo Rugui asked Chiang Kai-shek to give written instructions so that they could be conveyed for implementation. Chiang Kai-shek immediately wrote a letter.
Chiang Kai-shek
On the 17th, Guo Rugui flew back to Chongqing and first met Vice President Lin Wei. After Lin Wei read the letter, he sealed it as usual and asked Guo Ruzhi to hand it over to Zhang Zhizhong. It was not until the 21st that an agreement was reached on the issue of "unified organization and allocation" and the "Basic Plan for the Reorganization of the Armed Forces and the Unified Organization of the Chinese Communist Army for the National Army" was signed.
An agreement was reached on the integration and unification of the armies, and an armistice order was issued, but the fighting did not stop.
On February 26, Marshall asked Zhang Zhizhong and Zhou Enlai to inspect North China together, and Guo Rugui and Lian Zhuangqiu also accompanied him on the tour. The team inspected Zhangjiakou, Jinan, Xuzhou, Taiyuan and other places, and arrived in Yan'an on March 4.
After the plane arrived, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Lin Zuhan, and other senior CPC leaders greeted them at the airport.
Disappointed with Chiang Kai-shek, Guo re-contacted the organization
In 1946, the Kuomintang Ministry of National Defense made adjustments, and Chiang Kai-shek's family was deeply trusted, so Guo Rugui moved three times a year.
On October 26, Guo Rugui, then deputy director of the Fifth Department of the Ministry of National Defense, was transferred to the deputy director of the General Office of the General Director. A few days later, he was promoted to the head of the Fifth Hall.
It just so happened that Chiang Kai-shek's all-out attack on the Liberated Areas was met with resolute resistance from the People's Liberation Army, and he suffered defeats everywhere. In particular, the war situation on the Xuzhou side was not good, and Chiang Kai-shek was extremely angry. In order to strengthen the Shandong offensive, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the abolition of the Xuzhou Sui Bureau, the establishment of the Xuzhou Headquarters of the Army General Headquarters, the assignment of Gu Zhutong to command, and the appointment of Zhang Bingjun, director of the Third Department, to be made chief of the Xuzhou General Staff to assist Gu Zhutong.
On March 5, 1947, Chiang Kai-shek, under the sponsorship of Chen Cheng, appointed Guo Rugui as the director of the third department, who held a more important position.
In May 1947, Gu Zhutong, the commander-in-chief of the army who commanded the Xuzhou operation, resigned after the defeat of the Tai'an and Menglianggu operations. Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek transferred Guo Rujie to be the chief of staff of the Xuzhou Headquarters of the Army General Headquarters. In one year, Guo Rugui's position changed three times, and one was more important than the other.
During this period, Guo Rugui participated in some important battles and military conferences in the Liberation War, and drew up some important operational plans and action plans, which won chiang Kai-shek's trust. In Chiang Kai-shek's eyes, Guo Ruzhen was simply red and purple.
Although Chiang Kai-shek attached great importance to Guo Rugui, in fact, in the face of Chiang Kai-shek's perverse behavior over the years and the dirty corruption within the Kuomintang, Guo Rugui had long been dissatisfied. He has never advocated "suppressing the Communists," and at present, when the country is in trouble, Chiang Kai-shek does not concentrate on defending against foreign enemies, but instead points his gun at his own people, and Guo Rugui feels very angry and disappointed. Recalling the socialist education he received in his youth, Guo Rugui felt more and more that China's hope was still on the side of the Communist Party. So over the years, he's also been looking for opportunities to reconnect with the organization.
Kung Fu paid off, and Guo Rujie met his classmate Ren Yiyi, who had once been in the Whampoa Military Academy. Under the guidance of Ren Tiyou, he finally won the trust of Dong Biwu, head of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, after several tests. Since then, he has begun to provide some important military intelligence to the Ccp.
Dong Biwu
Guo Rugui followed Chiang Kai-shek to Beiping to take command
After Guo Rugui became chief of staff of the Xuzhou Headquarters, Chiang Kai-shek hyped up the "Great Victory in Shandong" and the "Great Victory in Nanma and Linqu," and was particularly fond of Guo Rugui's "active implementation" of the key offensive. Chiang Kai-shek called Guo Rujing every day. Once, Guo Rugui called Chiang Kai-shek President on the phone, and Chiang Kai-shek actually motioned for Guo Rugui to call him president. It can be seen that Guo Rujie was indeed a "red man" under President Jiang at this time.
In July 1948, Guo Rugui re-served as the director of the Third Department and experienced three major battles. In the Liaoshen Campaign, Chiang Kai-shek asked Guo Rugui and others to accompany him to Beiping to take command. On September 30, Guo Rugui flew with Chiang Kai-shek to Beiping.
The first thing Chiang Kai-shek did when he arrived in Beiping was to airdrop his handwritten letter to Jinzhou, and Fan Hanjie, according to the circumstances at the time and according to the three codes prescribed by Chiang Kai-shek, answered that he had "decided to break through," "stubbornly waiting for help," or "unable to defend."
Fan Hanjie's secret code was "sticking to the rescue," and Chiang Kai-shek was very happy, and asked Guo Rujie to immediately consult with Fu Zuoyi and study the specific battle plan.
After arranging for the beiping eastward march, Chiang Kai-shek went to Shenyang at 11 o'clock on October 2, and Guo Rugui and others still accompanied him. At 15:00, Chiang Kai-shek convened a meeting of officers at or above the commander level of all the armies in the northeast. At the meeting, Guo Rujie first conveyed the battle plan. Then Chiang Kai-shek spoke, encouraging the generals to have confidence in victory and strive to complete their tasks. After dinner, Chiang Kai-shek again lectured officers at or above the division level.
At 8 o'clock on October 3, Chiang Kai-shek summoned Guo Rugui and asked him to review the written battle plan to Wei Lihuang. After Wei Lihuang ordered the attack on Xinlitun, Chiang Kai-shek flew back to Beiping at 11:00.
At 9 o'clock on October 4, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Guo Rujie to fly to Yantai by plane. At 19:00, Guo Ruzhi flew back to Beiping and reported the situation in Yantai to Chiang Kai-shek.
At 10 o'clock on October 5, Guo Rugui flew to Tianjin with Chiang Kai-shek, then took a car to Dagu, then took a minesweeper out to sea and boarded the cruiser "Chongqing" to Huludao.
At 11 o'clock on October 7, Guo Rugui and others arrived in Tanggu with Chiang Kai-shek and returned to Beiping at 16:00.
It can be said that the Liaoshen Campaign was always carried out under the personal command of Chiang Kai-shek, and Guo Rujie, as Chiang Kai-shek's confidant, has always been highly valued.
Guo Rugui (right)
When Chiang Kai-shek learned of Guo Rujie's uprising, he beat his chest in anger
Chinese the People's Liberation Army won three major battles, the Chiang Dynasty was already in a state of turmoil. Chiang Kai-shek's defeat in battle often angered people, and Guo Rugui decided to resign as director of the Third Department and strive to lead his troops to the southwest, preparing to risk breaking away from Chiang Kai-shek.
On January 6, 1949, Gu Zhutong agreed to appoint Guo Rugui as the commander of the Tenth Army. Chiang Kai-shek disagreed, and replaced Guo Rugui with the commander of the Seventy-second Army, and ordered that this unit be immediately rebuilt and marched to Sichuan.
Guo Rugui returned to Sichuan and garrisoned Luzhou, serving as commander of the Seventy-second Army and commander of the Xulu Garrison District. After that, Guo Rugui quickly got in touch with the CCP and decided to use the situation to force the troops to revolt when the People's Liberation Army entered Chengdu to fight Chiang Kai-shek.
Guo Ruzhen and granddaughter
In October 1949, Chiang Kai-shek flew to Chongqing and held a combat conference at the Southwest Chief Executive's Office, which Guo Rugui attended.
At the meeting, Chiang Kai-shek said that we must be determined to hold on to the southwest, and today I invite you to study how to hold on to the southwest, where the main force of the communist army will attack the southwest, and how our army will be equipped with troops.
After study, Chiang Kai-shek decided to place the main force in northwest Sichuan, organize the three armies of Luo Guangyuan and Chen Chunlin into fifteen corps, and march to Guangyuan; Yang Hanlie's troops to hold Daba Mountain; Sun Zhen's troops to guard the Three Gorges; Song Xilian's troops to guard western Hubei and Youyang and Qianjiang; and He Shaozhou's troops to guard the eastern front of Guizhou.
When Guo Rugui saw that Chiang Kai-shek was focusing on northern Sichuan, Guo Rugui's troops did not need to move, so they sat there secretly happy and did not say a word.
Shortly after the meeting, Chiang Kai-shek suddenly called Luzhou and said that he wanted to summon Guo Rugui, but Guo Rugui did not know why, and his heart was very nervous, and he felt that he was more fierce and less auspicious. When Guo Ruzhi drove to Chongqing, he realized that Chiang Kai-shek was not alone in summoning himself, and he was relieved.
Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling
Chiang Kai-shek summoned Guo Rugui and others to the Forest Garden. He said to Guo Rujie, "Commander Guo, how has your troops been trained?" Are you sure that your troops will fight? ”
Guo Ruzhen hurriedly replied:
"Rest assured, president! The Southwest Campaign was promising, not to mention the other units, I alone, the latest-established army, had three regiments in intensive training, and the other three regiments were veterans I had gathered from the hospital along the way and could fight immediately. The newly allocated Fu Bingxun First Division was established very early and is estimated to be able to fight. I think it's safe to fight a war. ”
After Chiang Kai-shek listened, he said "Uh-huh, uh-huh."
After Chiang Kai-shek summoned him, Guo Rugui hurried back to Luzhou and never dared to go to Chongqing again. In fact, it is not safe to hide in Luzhou. It was not until after the liberation that Guo Rugui learned that Guo Rugui's chief of staff, Xu Yayin, was a secret agent sent by Chiang Kai-shek to his side, who also had a radio station and often had secret contact with the military command.
When Liu and Deng's army invaded Guizhou and approached Chongqing, Chiang Kai-shek was shocked to determine the main direction of the PLA's attack. However, at this time, Chiang Kai-shek could not doubt Guo Rugui, and in order to let Guo Rugui block the outpost of the People's Liberation Army and buy time in order to concentrate the main force on a decisive battle in Chengdu, he could only ask the Ministry of National Defense to order Guo Rugui to be the commander of the Twenty-second Corps.
As the People's Liberation Army marched into the southwest, Guo accelerated preparations for the uprising.
Report on the Guo Rugui uprising
On November 30, Chongqing was liberated, and the People's Liberation Army advanced towards Chengdu. The Kuomintang army retreated along the Chengdu-Chongqing Highway and retreated to Chengdu.
In the early morning of December 3, the People's Liberation Army called Guo Rugui from LuohanChang, downstream of Luzhou, and asked him to send someone to contact him. Guo Replied, "Act according to plan." On the evening of the 3rd, Guo Rugui led his troops to Set out for Yibin. On the 6th, we arrived in Yibin by boat first. On the 8th, the troops also arrived in Yibin.
On the morning of December 9, Guo Rugui held a meeting of officers above the regimental level to mobilize the uprising, and sent Xu Kongjia, as senior chief of staff, to bring Guo Rugui's handwritten letter to the PLA to contact the PLA.
On December 10, the 16th Army of the People's Liberation Army sent Political Commissar Hui and Xu Kongjia to Yibin.
On December 11, Guo Rujie's uprising was electrified.
Guo Rugui's uprising was electrified
At that time, after the telegram of guo rugui's uprising was published, it had a great impact. Fu Zuoyi's chief of staff, Guo Zongfen, saw the report and said excitedly: "Soon, soon, Chiang Kai-shek's concubine troops have revolted!" ”
After Chiang Kai-shek got the news in Taiwan, he beat his chest in anger and immediately burst out scolding: "Niang Xipi, this Guo Rujie..."
Subsequently, Deng Xihou and Liu Wenhui also revolted one after another. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek's army, which was preparing for a bloody battle with the People's Liberation Army in the Chengdu Plain, had fled in all directions, and only a few had gone to Taiwan. Soon after, Chengdu was completely liberated.
At the age of 73, Guo Ruzhen finally fulfilled his wish
After the founding of New China, under the premise that confidentiality was still required, the central authorities did not directly disclose the identity of Comrade Guo Rugui, and could only deal with it as a surrendered official for the time being.
In this way, Guo Rugui hid his true identity until 31 years later, when he personally wrote to the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, telling all his experiences and revealing his true identity that he had kept secret for many years - a CCP agent.
In 1980, after a solemn review, the organization clearly issued instructions: Guo Rujie was allowed to rejoin the party. This is also Guo Rujie's wish all along, he can finally be a communist with honor and integrity!
Statue of Guo Rujing
On October 23, 1997, Guo Rugui was tragically involved in a car accident on the way to the airport to take her daughter to the airport, and she died at the age of 90. At the funeral held by the Central Military Commission, Guo Rugui received a very high evaluation, and his life was enough to be summarized by "legend"!