preface
Originally, I didn't know much about Liu Zhi, but after writing this article, I didn't understand this person even more. It feels like this person's behavior has been full of contradictions.
Liu Zhi (30 June 1892 – 5 January 1971) was a Native of Ji'an, Jiangxi. He was once the "General of the Five Tigers" of the Kuomintang, and when it comes to Liu Zhi, he has to say that he was not only a "Xiao General" in the Northern Expedition War, a "Fu General" in the warlord melee, a "long-distance running general" in the War of Resistance, and even more a "pig general" in the Liberation War.
Snapster
Liu Zhi was born in a peasant family in Ji'an, Jiangxi Province, when he was not yet one year old, his father was beaten to death by the bullies of a neighboring village, leaving him an orphan and widowed mother, and later his mother took him to remarry twice.
In 1914, Liu Zhi was admitted to the Baoding Military Academy, and in 1916 he went south to Guangdong to join the National Guard Army. In 1920, he was transferred to the Second Army, and Liu Zhi, who was hard-working and hard-working, left a deep impression on Chiang Kai-shek, who was then the chief of staff of the Second Army, when Chiang Kai-shek urgently needed to expand his own forces, thinking of attracting some promising people to expand their strength, Liu Zhi became one of them, paving the way for later entering the Whampoa Military Academy.
After the establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy, Liu Zhi served as the chief of the General Staff Office, and in September Liu Zhi became the commander of the second battalion of the newly established first regiment of the newly established teaching regiment, Gu Zhutong and Qian Dajun were the commanders of the regiment, and He Yingqin was the regimental commander.
In February 1925, during the First Crusade, Liu Zhi accompanied his troops in the Northern Expedition, and in the Battle of Mianhu Lake, the First Regiment alone resisted Chen Jiongming's 20,000 or 20,000 xinrui. The first regiment and Chen Jiongming's troops fought extremely hard, the first regiment suffered heavy losses, and just when the two sides were fighting each other, the enemy had enemy reinforcements, and Liu Zhi immediately led the second battalion across the river, and after a hard hand-to-hand combat, he repelled the enemy. At noon, the enemy began a new attack, Liu Zhi again led the troops to resist, seeing that the defensive line was about to collapse, Liu Zhi made a clever move, suddenly raised his arms and roared, and led his troops to violently rush towards the enemy, the enemy could not reach the defense, defeated and retreated. Finally, when the reinforcements of the second regiment arrived, they defeated Chen Jiongming, and Liu Zhi made a great contribution with this. Since then, Liu Zhi has made many military achievements in quelling rebellions in various places. After that, the unit was reorganized into the First Division of the National Revolutionary Army, and Liu Zhi served as the commander of the First Regiment.
In September 1925, during the Second Eastern Expedition, Liu Zhi led his troops to attack instead of defending, leading his men to rampage and kill the enemy bravely, finally disrupting the enemy's deployment and winning the battles of Huayang and Hebo.
During the two crusades, Liu Zhi led his troops to kill the enemy bravely, and repeatedly made strange moves to turn the tide of the war, making him stand out and was quite valued by Chiang Kai-shek.
In March 1926, in the Zhongshan ship incident created by Chiang Kai-shek, Liu Zhi was the executor, the thug, and the main force. On the 20th, when Bao Huisheng, a member of the Communist Party, questioned him, Liu Zhi replied: "I don't know anything, I mean what the principal means, and the principal orders me to do what I want." ”
On July 9, 1926, during the Northern Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army, Liu Zhi led the Second Division to participate in the siege of Wuchang and Nanchang, defeated Sun Chuanfang, and cooperated with friendly forces to capture Nanchang. In February 1927, it defeated the Zhilu Army and captured Kunshan, Taicang, Liuhe and other important places near Shanghai.
In April 1928, the Second Northern Expedition, Gu Zhutong and Liu Zhi attacked Sun Chuanfang at the same time, because He Yingqin believed in Gu Zhutong, planned that the two troops would be under the command of Gu Zhutong, before the order was issued, Gu Zhutong was worried that his troops had too much loss and fought extremely conservatively, but Liu Zhi did not contact other troops, nor did he know the order, and still marched to Bengbu, and as a result, Liu Zhi achieved the first merit.
Blessings will
In March 1929, after the outbreak of the Jiang-Gui War, Liu Zhi served as the commander of the First Army and the commander-in-chief of the Second Route Army, and because Li Zongren's troops were about to defect, on April 5, Liu Zhibing occupied Wuhan without bloodshed, and concurrently served as the commander of the Wuhan garrison.
In the anti-Chiang Kai-shek war at the end of the year, Tang Shengzhi wanted to lead 100,000 people to take Wuhan directly, and the surrounding areas of Wuhan were enemies, and Wuhan was full of noise, and Chiang Kai-shek hurriedly sent a telegram: "My brother can abide by the rules in Wuhan, otherwise he will surrender jiujiang." After analyzing the situation, Liu Zhi decided to preemptively attack, Liu Zhi led his troops to the north, and after capturing Qishan, he adopted the operational policy of waiting for work with ease, but Tang Shengzhi was eager to win, and after seven days of fierce fighting, Liu Zhi won a great victory, Lian Ke was stationed in Madian and Luohe, and the Tang army surrendered its weapons and surrendered.
In May 1930, after the outbreak of the Central Plains War, Liu Zhi served as the commander-in-chief of the Second Army. Joining forces with Gu Zhu and others to force the combined forces of Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan to retreat, in early October, Zhang Xueliang sent a telegram to support Jiang and led his troops into the pass, and Liu Zhi easily captured Xinzheng and Zhengzhou.
In 1932, in the fourth anti-encirclement and suppression campaign, Liu Zhi served as the deputy commander of the Zhonglu Army, and due to the "left-leaning" wrong leadership of Zhang Guotao and others, Liu Zhi provided an opportunity for Liu Zhi to take advantage of it, and Liu Zhi led his army to occupy the Eyu-Anhui Soviet region.
Because in the warlord melee, Liu Zhi was always able to make a surprise move at the moment of life and death, so as to achieve victory, so as to obtain "
The title of ", I am also deeply trusted by Chiang Kai-shek, and it is smooth sailing.
In the Xi'an Incident, he took the wrong side and lost Chiang Kai-shek's trust
There were two major factions in Chiang Kai-shek's army, one was the Huangpu Shaozhuang faction headed by Chen Cheng, and the other was the loose alliance headed by He Yingqin, to which Liu Zhi belonged.
After the Xi'an Incident in 1936, the minister of military affairs He Yingqin ordered him to return to Luoyang to gather troops, and Liu Zhi immediately made arrangements and prepared to go.
On December 16, He Yingqin appointed Liu Zhi as the commander-in-chief of the rebel Army's East Road Group Army, and Liu Zhi immediately divided his troops into six routes and marched into Xi'an.
On their way to Xi'an, Song Ziwen and Song Meiling begged Liu Zhi not to bomb Xi'an, but Liu Zhi said: "
I listen to the National Government, and you can't control it
。 ”
After Chiang Kai-shek returned, Liu Zhi was very worried. Hurriedly greeted, and waved small banners with the words "Welcome to the Principal's Victorious Return", "Long Live Chairman Jiang", "Down with Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng", and so on. He was reprimanded by Chiang Kai-shek.
Because of this wrong choice, Chiang Kai-shek was suspicious of him, and he lost Chiang Kai-shek's trust and grace.
Long-distance running general
In 1937, after the outbreak of the All-out War of Resistance, Liu Zhi served as the commander of the Second Army of the First Theater and began to defend Baoding, but due to command errors, he has been retreating, and has been retreating out of North China, and has been ridiculed by the world as a "long-distance running general".
Chiang Kai-shek was the elder of Huangpu, in order to take care of his face, he was soon transferred to the director of the Appeasement Office of the Qianbian District of Exiangchuan, and after the fall of Wuhan, he was transferred to Chongqing to defend the "escort capital", in 1939 Liu Zhi was appointed commander of the Chongqing garrison and commander of air defense, in 1942 he was dismissed because of the tragedy of Liu Zhi in Chongqing, in 1945, Chiang Kai-shek re-activated Liu Zhi for the purpose of overhead Li Zongren, until Japan surrendered, the entire anti-Japanese battlefield, although the Kuomintang has been defeated, However, there was still fierce resistance on the anti-Japanese battlefield, and some victories were still won, but Liu Zhi had indeed been running away on the anti-Japanese battlefield, and he was not a "long-distance running general".
At this time, Liu Zhi was a leather ball, kicked around by Chiang Kai-shek, which was the result of losing Chiang Kai-shek's trust, but this was not his final result.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Chiang Kai-shek had been preparing to launch a civil war, and Liu Zhi was once again appointed as the director of the Zhengzhou Appeasement Office, but Liu Zhi did not want to go, because the commander of the First Theater was Hu Zongnan, who had been a student and subordinate of Liu Zhi, and at Chiang Kai-shek's insistence, Liu Zhi had to take up his post.
In June 1946, Liu Zhi besieged the Liberated Areas, taking advantage of the idleness in Henan, Liu Deng's army forcibly crossed the Yellow River and went straight to the Central Plains, Liu Zhi rushed back to intercept after hearing the news, and as a result, the Third Division was surrounded by Liu Deng's army and the whole army was destroyed. Upon hearing the news, Chiang Kai-shek immediately dismissed all his duties.
This revocation of Liu Zhi was idle for two years.
Pigs will
In the summer of 1948, when the strategically prominent Xuzhou "Suppression General" was not in charge, Chiang Kai-shek looked around at his trusted generals, and there was not a single one who was not a defeated general of the People's Liberation Army. He Yingqin mentioned Liu Zhi again, and Chiang Kai-shek believed that although Liu Zhi had lost battles, he was still reliable, and with du Yuming and other tiger generals, he could still be used.
There was much discussion within the Kuomintang about appointing Liu Zhi as the "commander-in-chief" of Xuzhou, and some people said: "Xuzhou is the gate of Nanjing, and a tiger general should be sent to guard it." If you don't send a tiger, you should also send a dog to guard the door. Now send a pig, seeing that the gate will not be able to be guarded. ”
As a result, the Battle of Huaihai broke out. 550,000 people in 22 armies under Liu Zhi were completely annihilated. Only then did Chiang Kai-shek understand that Liu Zhi was not a tiger or a dog, but a pig.
Chiang Kai-shek hated Liu Zhi's incompetence and again dismissed all his duties, this time fleeing to Hong Kong with his family.
Robbed by his subordinates, he drifted back to Taiwan
After Liu Zhi fled to Hong Kong, he lived a life of spending time and drinking, but Liu Zhi's former subordinates lived in poverty and could not live a life. Liu Zhi's squandering of money provoked their dissatisfaction and vicious intentions, they got together, with a large number of people, and robbed Liu Zhi's goalkeeper of everything of value, but it was a pity that he was robbed by his own people, and the reason why Liu Zhi was so rich was indeed because Liu Zhi was greedy wherever he went, and collecting wealth became his most important life.
This is not the first time he has lost money.
In September 1950, liu zhi, who had been robbed, did not dare to stay in Hong Kong, so he took a boat to Indonesia, but unfortunately he was robbed while staying in Singapore, and he lost a lot of money. After arriving in Indonesia, he was asked for bribes, and by the time he arrived at his destination, Liu Zhi had very little money left.
For the sake of money, Liu Zhi planned to do business and tried to turn around, but he was not the material of doing business, but he lost all his money.
In desperation, Liu Zhi and his wife could only live by teaching, and the generals who used to command the 100,000-strong army were now left behind to teach in other countries.
If teaching made him uncomfortable, then the content of his teaching made him even more uncomfortable, at that time, the textbooks used by overseas Chinese in Indonesia were mostly purchased from the mainland, and Liu Zhi taught these contents every day, and the uncomfortable expression was really indescribable. He made many representations to let Indonesia import textbooks from Taiwan, but this became a chip and capital for him to ask Chiang Kai-shek for credit.
In 1953, after the establishment of diplomatic relations between Indonesia and China, Chiang Kai-shek was afraid that Liu Zhi would do something to embarrass the Kuomintang and himself, and was even more afraid of his return to China, so he decided to let Liu Zhi return to Taiwan, and Liu Zhi, who received the news, was very happy and immediately rushed to Taiwan with his family, and after returning to Taiwan, Liu Zhi immediately went to see Chiang Kai-shek, and was scolded by Chiang Kai-shek, and Liu Zhi bowed his head and waited for Chiang Kai-shek to finish scolding, because he knew Chiang Kai-shek's disposition, and after scolding, the wind and waves were calm, and all the previous things were written off in insults. Sure enough, within a few days, Liu Zhi was appointed to a fictitious post such as "National Policy Adviser to the Presidential Office", although there was no real power, but the "car and horse fee" was considerable, which played a role in improving Liu Zhi's economic situation, which made Liu Zhi very satisfied.
Liu Zhi has always had a dream is to travel abroad, but in the 8 years in Taiwan there is nothing, want to go out to see, but his own economic conditions are not allowed, but this time his diabetes worsened, the doctor suggested that he go to the United States for treatment, which is in line with his heart, after getting some old friends to fund his dream finally came true.
Only one of the three objectives is accomplished
It is hard to imagine that such a timid and fearful general has set himself three great goals since childhood.
First, to create a school from primary school to university to cultivate talents for the country in the best way of education. Second, set up a large library to collect ancient and modern Chinese and foreign books to enhance knowledge for the public. Third, large hospitals should be opened to relieve the suffering of the poor and unsuaded.
It is ridiculous to say that an kuomintang general who was greedy for money and an executioner who had created the Chongqing bomb shelter massacre regardless of the lives of the people had such a great goal in life, still when he was young.
Unfortunately, he only did the first of these three goals, in 1931, Liu Zhi founded the "Fuyuan" school (including primary and secondary schools) in Ji'an, which lasted more than 20 years after liberation. When he was in Kaifeng and Chongqing, he also founded a number of schools, which were funded by himself and trained no less than 10,000 students.
On January 15, 1971, Liu Zhi died of illness at the age of 79.
At the end of the writing, even I don't know what kind of person Liu Zhi is, saying that he is a corrupt official, but he is also a person who wants to run a school, build a hospital and a library, and has great ambitions. During the Northern Expedition War, he was brave and good at war, and he always won victory when the opportunity came, but in the period of the War of Resistance and the War of Liberation, he became a person who cowered and only knew how to escape. How can a person have such a big difference between before and after, is it because during the Northern Expedition War he did not want to have a future, but during the War of Resistance, he had everything and did not want to struggle anymore?