The Chinese nation has a history of more than 5,000 years, and generations of Chinese sons and daughters have grown up on the land of China, and have written historical stories from generation to generation on this land, and Premier Zhou Enlai once said: "We love our nation, which is the source of our self-confidence." It is enough to witness that our Chinese nation is a united and independent nation.
There are fifty-six ethnic groups in China, of which the Han Chinese account for nine-tenths of the total population, but in ancient China, the Han Chinese did not rule China for a long time. For a long time the right to rule was handed over to the ancient Huns.
So how did the Huns take the power of rule away from the hands of the han people with a large population, and which nation did they eventually evolve into now? Let's take a look at it by reading this article.
The formation of the Hun tribes
Human beings need to rely on water to survive, so in the Yangtze River, along the Yellow River, the earliest generation of Chinese people was born. As the number of human reproduction populations increases, some people have to find alternative shelters due to the limited number of people that can be inhabited along the river basin. Human behavior follows Darwin's famous saying: "The survival of the fittest, the demise of the unfit", eliminating the population that is weak and sick and cannot survive under harsh conditions.
Some of them, the "Xiongnu as people call them", went north to Mongolia, but due to the weather conditions and living resources in Mongolia, the survival factors were not as suitable as the Central Plains. Therefore, in order to survive, they had to improve their ability to survive and live a pastoral life there.
Due to the obvious mountainous characteristics of Mongolia, the altitude is above 1,000 meters, which belongs to the temperate continental monsoon climate and has little rain throughout the year, so there is no tall plant growth, and the vegetation is mainly grass. A large area of grassland became a favorite of cattle and sheep, and people built pastures and began a daily nomadic life.
Since there is no other food, people eat beef and mutton every day, and processed products such as cow and goat milk, so their physical fitness is very good. In the steppe, the main means of transportation was horseback, so in ancient times, when there was no modern weapon, the Mongols were brave and good at fighting compared to the Central Plains, which is why the Xiongnu could offend on the territory of the Central Plains many times.
Begin to rise and experience ups and downs
In the pre-Qin period, the Xiongnu existed in the form of scattered tribes, so they did not pose a threat to the Central Plains. However, a nation will eventually have a leader with outstanding ability and wisdom, and the Xiongnu will also establish a state "Xiongnu State". The Huns were founded by the union of small tribes.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Xiongnu began to constantly provoke the Central Plains, repeatedly provoking wars on the frontier and expanding their jurisdiction. Because they are physically strong and good at riding horses, and the Central Plains people live in a good environment, most people can not eat meat often, so without the influence of intellectual factors such as science and technology, the Central Plains people simply cannot defeat the Xiongnu. The Xiongnu extended their jurisdiction to what is now Beijing through war.
At the end of the Warring States period, the nemesis of the Xiongnu appeared. Li Mu, a famous general in the Warring States period, relied on his superior wisdom and extraordinary courage to line up the soldiers and eventually returned the Xiongnu to Mongolia. Another crucial reason for the victory in this battle is that we are several times more numerous than they are. After the Xiongnu returned to Mongolia, they were jealous of the Central Plains people in their hearts, and for a period of time they did not dare to raise troops to attack, but they still had a thief's heart and did not die.
By the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the strength of the Central Plains countries was obviously insufficient, and the Xiongnu found the right time to attack from the south, and most of the small countries that passed through surrendered, so the Xiongnu were arrogant for a while.
By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the economic, military and other national strength began to grow, and the Central Plains people were no longer afraid of the threat of the Xiongnu and began to attack the Xiongnu. Emperor Wu of han sent the famous generals Wei Qing, Huo Fuyi and others to attack the Xiongnu and defeat the Xiongnu. The Han Dynasty no longer adopted a tolerant attitude toward the Xiongnu, and continued to attack northward, led by Zhao Baonu with 50,000 soldiers and horses to attack Yanmen Pass, and the Xiongnu were defeated and retreated. In 97 BC, the general Li Guangli went out to mobei, but due to his unfamiliarity with the terrain and the bad weather conditions, the battle finally ended in failure, and the Xiongnu could be regarded as holding their final bottom line and protecting mobei.
Towards decay, civil unrest begins
After The Han Zhao Emperor ascended the throne, in order to stabilize the government and ease the relationship with the Xiongnu, after all, when the Xiongnu were at their peak, the Han Dynasty also gave up three points. The emperor adopted the method of peace and affinity, marrying Princess Jieyou to Mobei. However, peace and affinity could not fundamentally solve the hostile relationship between the Central Plains and the Xiongnu, and the Xiongnu would continue to provoke war against the Central Plains after they had recharged their strength.
After the Han Dynasty restored its national strength, it did not sit still, but directly attacked. The Han Dynasty sent 600,000 soldiers and horses to surround the Xiongnu from four directions, southeast, and northwest, and after a year of the great war, the Xiongnu were seriously injured and surrendered to the Han Dynasty. At this point, the Han Dynasty completely controlled the western region, and the Xiongnu did not have the strength to confront the Central Plains for a long time.
Due to the fierce temperament of the Xiongnu, the people could not bear the threat of the Central Plains and began to engage in infighting, hoping to elect capable people to be their emperor, but in the end it was to no avail, and they were suppressed by officers and soldiers.
In order to preserve the country, the Xiongnu sent their princes to the Central Plains to become the sons of the world, and paid tribute to the Central Plains every year with a large number of rare treasures. In this way the Huns temporarily preserved the country. A long period of friendly trade between Han and Hungary began, during which there was also the famous historical event "Zhaojun Into the Jam", which was widely circulated for future generations.
summary
At the time of the two Han Dynasties, and even the strength of the Xiongnu in later generations, it cannot be underestimated. They are still our fierce enemies, and in the face of them, we cannot ignore them and try to maintain a harmonious and mutually supportive relationship with them.
As an ethnic minority, the Xiongnu live in a geographical location that is not as superior as that of the Central Plains, and the climate is sometimes good and bad, which cannot guarantee the most basic life of the people, which is an important reason why the Xiongnu cannot become a big country. But their boldness and resourcefulness are worth learning, and we should not shrink in the face of enemies who are stronger than us.
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