Portrait of Han Gaozu's Liu Bang
In the history of history, a confusing record.
01
In December of the seventh year of Han Gaozu (200 BC), Liu Bang passed through the Zhao Kingdom and encountered the assassination incident at the home of his son-in-law Zhang Ao, the King of Zhao, and finally Zhang Ao, the King of Zhao, was deposed as the Marquis of Xuanping, and Liu Bang's beloved son Liu Ruyi was made the King of Zhao.
Liu Ruyi was only seven years old at the time, and it was impossible for a small child to have the ability to manage a fiefdom well, so Liu Bang made Chen Feng the Minister of State of Zhao and unified management of the armies of Zhao and Dai, which was equivalent to handing over most of the northern border defense to him alone.
"History of Han (Wang) Letter Lu Qilie Biography": And in the winter of the seventh year of Gaozu, King Han rebelled, entered the Xiongnu, and went up to Pingcheng, and was fengfeng as a marquis, with Zhao Xiangguo as the general Zhao and the border soldiers, and the border soldiers all belonged to Yan.
Before leaving for the Zhao Kingdom, Chen Feng went to say goodbye to the old leader Marquis Han Xin of Huaiyin.
Han Xin took Chen Feng's hand, avoiding the left and right followers, and the two of them strolled in the courtyard.
Suddenly, Han Xintian sighed, "Are you a person who can push your heart?" I have something to say to you. ”
Chen Feng said, "Everything is at the command of the general." ”
Han Xin said, "The place you want to govern this time is where the elite soldiers of the world gather." You are a favored courtier of Your Majesty's cronies, and if anyone says that you have rebelled, Your Majesty will certainly not believe it; but the second time someone denounces you, Your Majesty will be suspicious; and the third time, Your Majesty will certainly personally lead an army against you. At that time, I will raise an army to respond to you, and I can take the world. ”
Hearing Han Xin say this, Chen Feng, as Liu Bang's favorite courtier, did not get angry, but solemnly said three words to Han Xin: "Respectfully follow the teachings!" ”
"History of the Marquis of Huaiyin": Chen Fengbai was appointed as a giant deer guard and resigned from the Marquis of Huaiyin. The Marquis of Huaiyin took his hand and walked with him left and right, looking up at the sky and sighing: "Can the son be with the words?" Desire to have a word with the Son. "Only the general ordered it." Marquis of Huaiyin said: "Where the Gong dwells, the elite soldiers of the world are also in the place; and the Gong, The Faith of His Majesty is also a fortunate subject." His Majesty will not believe what he says, and his majesty will not believe it; then his majesty will be suspicious; and he will be angry and will be angry. I am from the middle of the public, and the world can also be figured out. Chen Fengsu knew his ability and believed in it, saying, "Sincerely follow the teachings!" ”
This is confusing.
What is Chen Feng?
As a close minister of Liu Bang, why did he plot rebellion?
Regarding Chen Feng, the historical records are recorded in two places, and the Book of Han and other historical materials are also a few sentences.
In terms of length, Chen Feng is simply a passerby.
But this buddy is already very good at playing.
Let's pick up the historical materials a little bit.
02
Regarding Chen Feng's origin, the "History of Han Xin Lu Qilie" only says:
Chen Feng, Wanqu Ren also, do not know the beginning and so from.
The translation is that I don't know who he was following.
However, in the Chronology of the Heroes and Princes of the Chronicle of The Great Ancestors of the Emperor Gaozu, it is clearly written:
The general Ezmann died five hundred, and the first year of the previous year was from the beginning of the reign. Supremacy. For Hou. Substituted as a guerrilla general.
The first year here is the first year of Qin II, that is, 209 BC.
At that time, Liu Bang had just raised an army from Mount Mangzhong, and there were only more than a thousand people and horses around him, that is, when he was in Pei County, Liu Bang only had three thousand people.
But Chen Feng was already the boss of 500 people, and this volume was already enough to be the old qualification from Long Yuanchen.
Then look at it again, Chen Feng's hometown is in Wanqu, which inadvertently points us out the direction.
Wanqu, southwest of present-day Heze, Shandong.
In the first year of Qin II, the old brothers under Liu Bang's account were basically Feng and Pei people, and there was only one big guy from Shandong.
He was Liu Bang's brother-in-law, Lü Ze.
Lü Ze's family is in a single father, and now it also belongs to Shandong Heze.
It is conceivable that Chen Feng is Lu Ze's person, and he is also a backbone!
Han Xin
03
When Chen Feng went to visit Han Xin, Han Xin had already been promoted by Liu Bang from the King of Chu to the Marquis of Huaiyin.
However, the tiger does not fall to the shelf when it dies.
Although he was placed under house arrest in Chang'an, Bing Xian had a sense of pride of his own.
Like what
He was ashamed that he was listed as having the same status as Zhou Bo and Dou Bao.
Shame on irrigation, daisy and so on.
He laughed at himself: "In my life, I have actually mixed up with Fan Duo." ”
The letter went out and smiled: "Sheng Nai is in the company of Oh and so on!" ”
But such a Han Xin, after seeing Chen Feng, pulled Chen Feng's small hand and pushed his heart to his stomach.
What does such a big contrast represent?
We know that at that time, that is, in the eighth year of Han Gaozu, Lü Ze died in the northern "border affairs".
At this time, Liu Bang had already planned to replace the crown prince Liu Ying, and Chen Feng, as Lü Ze's old brother, felt that he was afraid that sooner or later he would have to be cleaned up.
Therefore, Chen Feng would be deeply impressed by what Han Xin told him;
And Han Xin, what he liked was that Chen Feng was about to control the power of the northern frontier soldiers of the Han Empire.
04
Chen Feng was indeed the opposite.
In the tenth year of Han Gaozu (197 BC), Zhou Chang, the new minister of state of Zhao, reported to Liu Bang, saying:
Chen Feng returned to his hometown on vacation, and the battle he used was particularly large, and the accompanying guests had more than a thousand cars, filling all the official buildings in Handan. Moreover, Chen Feng treats guests with humility and respect, and has been treated with humility.
I don't know why he did it or what he wanted to do. However, there are many guests, and they will also win people's hearts, and they will hold the military power alone outside, I am afraid that there will be changes.
Liu Bang ordered someone to track down Chen Feng's guests for violating the law and discipline, and many of these things implicated Chen Feng.
Chen Feng was scared.
Soon, Liu Bang's father, Emperor Liu Xuan, died, and Liu Bang sent someone to summon Chen Feng to Beijing.
But Chen Feng claimed that he was seriously ill and could not make the trip.
In September, he rebelled.
Zhao Xiang Zhou Chang saw that the guests were followed by more than a thousand passengers, and the official houses of Handan were full. So the guests are clothed and handed over, and they are all out of the guests. On behalf of the return of the pig, Zhou Changnai asked to enter the meeting. Seeing the above, the guests are very prosperous, and they are good at soldiers for several years, and I am afraid that there will be changes. The Lord is to make people complain about the illegal deeds of the property of the pig dweller, and many of them are cited. Fearful, Yin Lingke sent envoys Wang Huang and Man qiuchen. In July of the tenth year of Gaozu, the Emperor Taishang collapsed, causing people to summon a pig, and the pig said that he was very ill. In September, he rebelled against Wang Huang and others, established himself as the acting king, and robbed Zhao and Dai.
05
Here's the problem.
Even if Chen Feng and Han Xin had conspired before, Chen Feng was not betrayed by his subordinates during the early planning like the rebellion of Guan Gao, Han Xin, Peng Yue and others.
That is to say, Chen Feng did not act of rebellion at the beginning.
Why did everything change after Zhou Chang and Liu Bang chewed their tongues.
Who is Zhou Chang?
He was Liu Bang's fellow countryman and Liu Bang's true confidant.
We can pull back the time, after Liu Bang's death, Lü Hou sent emissaries to summon Liu Ruyi, the king of Zhao, into the capital, and Zhou Chang said: "Emperor Gao entrusted the instructions of the King of Zhao to me before he died, the King of Zhao was young, I heard that the empress dowager resented Lady Qi and wanted to summon the King of Zhao back to kill him together, I did not dare to let the King of Zhao go." Moreover, King Zhao was also ill now and could not go there under orders. ”
The emissaries sent by Lü Hou were sent back to Sanbo, and finally Lü Hou had no choice, so he first sent someone to summon Zhou Chang. After Zhou Changying was recalled to Chang'an, Lü Hou sent someone to summon Liu Ruyi to Beijing again, and eventually killed Liu Ruyi.
In a word, Zhou Chang is a die-hard fan of Liu Ruyi.
It was up to him to report Chen Feng's rebellion, which was Liu Bang's pocket.
Choosing to continue to do things in Zhao and Daidi was another attack on the Lü clique by Liu Bang after Zhang Ao and Lü Ze.
It is also another purge of Lü Ze's forces.
Therefore, Chen Feng was forced to rebel.
06
Why is it said that Chen Feng was forced to rebel?
Let's take a look at the arrangements made by Liu Bang to quell Chen Feng's rebellion.
(Original text below)
The Biography of Peng Yuelie, The Chronicle of Wei Bao:
In the autumn of the tenth year, Chen Feng rebelled against the daidi, and Emperor Gao attacked himself, going to Handan to recruit the King of Liang.
"History of Han Xin Lu Qilie":
In the autumn of the tenth year of the Han Dynasty, Chen Feng rebelled against the daidaidi, Gao Zuru attacked the soldiers in Handan, and The Yan king Qi also attacked his northeast.
"History of Cao Xiangguo's Family":
Qi Xiangguo attacked Chen Feng's general Zhang Chunjun and broke it.
"History of the Zhou Bo Family of The Marquis of Daihou":
Attack Han Xin, Chen Feng, and Zhao Lijun in the building and break it.
"History of Fan Li Teng's Biography":
(Fan Duo) because of the attack on Chen Feng and Manqiu Chen's army, Zhan Xiangguo, The Broken Bai people, Xiandeng, the lowering of Qinghe, Changshan Fan Twenty-seven Counties, remnants of Dongyuan, moved to Zuo Chengxiang;
(Li Shang) attacked Chen Feng with his right hand, and remnants of Dongyuan;
(Xiahou Bao) Aether attacked Chen Feng and the Tuobu army, trapping Chen but the enemy;
(Dou Bao) from the attack on Chen Feng, was ordered not to attack the Marquis Chang of the Feng Dynasty, the army of The Emperor, broke it, and beheaded the five generals. Descending Qu Rebellion, Lu Nu, Shang Qu Yang, An Guo, An Ping. Capture Dongyuan.
"History of Fu Jin Kuo Cheng lie biography":
In April, (Fu Kuan) attacked Chen Feng, who belonged to Tai Wei Bo and attacked The Emperor with xiangguo as the emperor;
(Jin She) was moved to be a che riding general, and rode Liang, Zhao, Qi, Yan, and Chu che, and did not attack Chen Feng and open it, breaking it, because of the fall of the reverse.
We know that in ancient times, wars required conscription and mobilization, and mobilization took time.
It is not that Liu Bang wants to fight Chen Feng today, and tomorrow the army can set out immediately.
However, at the same time as Chen Feng rebelled, Liu Bang had already pulled up the team and personally went to the Zhao capital Handan.
Therefore, saying that Liu Bang did not know in advance that Chen Feng was going to rebel, the ghosts did not believe it.
So it is conceivable that from the very beginning, Liu Bang made a good pocket and waited for Chen Feng to jump in——
Liu Bang first used the excuse that Liu Ruyi, the King of Zhao, was still young, and sent Chen Feng to the north to expose him on his own initiative.
Then, on the grounds that Chen Feng could not be taken care of in several positions, he ordered Zhou Chang to be the minister of state of Zhao and remove Chen Feng from the post of minister of state of Zhao.
Zhou Chang's first task was to thoroughly investigate the remaining party forces of Chen Feng and other Lü Ze.
Ten years after Gao Zu, the Emperor Taishang died, and Liu Bang used this as an excuse to order Chen Feng to return to Chang'an.
After these big bosses outside returned to Chang'an, they were all tigers with pulled teeth, and it was not for Liu Bang to hold it at that time.
How about Han Xin? It has not been under house arrest in Chang'an for nearly five years.
If Chen Feng returned to Chang'an, then avoiding a sword battle was the best result.
Obviously, Chen Feng did not want to be another Han Xin, he did the opposite.
But what Chen Feng did not expect was that all his plans were under the control of Liu Bang.
Chen Feng had just raised his banner, and Liu Bang personally ran to Handan to make a layout.
Then, according to the pre-rehearsed script, the plot began:
Lu Xuan, the King of Yan, attacked Chen Feng from the northeast;
Cao Shan, minister of the State of Qi, attacked Chen Feng from the southeast;
The main forces of Zhou Bo and Fan Yu and the cavalry corps of the Five Kingdoms led by Jin She successively launched attacks on Chen Feng from different directions.
In a Rebellion of Chen Feng, Liu Bang took all the troops he could use, and the famous generals of the Han Army gathered and did their best to encircle the daidi like an iron barrel.
However, even so, Chen Feng persisted for nearly two years in the face of the repeated attacks of the entire Han Court, longer than Liu Bang had spent to solve the princes of different surnames.
It was not until the winter of Emperor Gao's twelfth year (195 BC) that Chen Feng was pursued by Fan Huo's army to Lingqiu and beheaded.
In addition to Xiang Yu, Chen Feng was the most difficult enemy for Liu Bang to deal with in this life.
07
With the quelling of the rebellion, the Lü family's base area of Zhao Guo was again ploughed by Liu Bang himself and planted with new leeks.
Zhou Chang replaced Chen Feng and took charge of the northern frontier army of the Han Dynasty.
As a direct competitor, Liu Ying lost another possible arm, while Liu Ruyi gained a minister of state who held a high status among the founding fathers and could control all the northern border armies.
At this time, Liu Ruyi only needs to do one thing, that is, to make herself stronger.
What do you mean?
After Chen Feng's rebellion was put down, the problem of princes with different surnames was also completely resolved, and the Lü family had declined.
Looking around the world, no one is Liu Ruyi's opponent anymore.
Even if Liu Ying still sat in the position of crown prince, as long as Liu Bang was alive, Liu Ruyi could justifiably control almost half of the Han dynasty's army in the name of Zhou Chang, the minister of state.
With the military power in his hand, Liu Ruyi could ensure that he was invincible.
Liu Bang didn't need to think hard about how to store it easily.
I am afraid that the hundred officials of the DPRK and China will not continue to persuade Liu Bang that it is not advisable to abolish Chang Li and be young, but will turn their heads and persuade Liu Ying: "You should consider taking into account the overall situation and give way to Xian." ”
This is Liu Bang's real plan.