In the early Warring States period, at the beginning of qin xiaogong's reign, in view of the decline of the qin state, he was thirsty for talents and hoped to change the law and become stronger. Later, after Shang Martin came to the Qin Kingdom, Qin Xiaogong vigorously defied the public opinion and implemented the change of law with Wei Martin as the great liang. In 356 BC and 350 BC, Qin Xiaogong appointed Shang Martin to carry out the most radical transformation. As we all know, after the Shang martingale transformation method, the Qin state became stronger. Especially during the reign of King Huiwen of Qin, the monarch began to expand abroad, and a fierce contest was launched with the six kingdoms of Shandong.
For the Qin state after the Shang martingale transformation law, the overall strength gradually surpassed the six kingdoms of Shandong, so the foreign wars of the Qin state were naturally more victorious than defeated. Therefore, the military generals who can defeat the Qin state once can already be called famous generals, such as Zhao Kuo's father Zhao Hao and Xiang Yu's grandfather Xiang Yan. However, Zhao Hao died after defeating the State of Qin at the Battle of Fu and Yi, and Xiang Yan was defeated by Wang Qi after defeating Li Xin. On this basis, in the middle and late period of the Warring States, only the following three famous generals had defeated the Qin state twice.
Kuang Zhang (Qi Guo)
Kuang Zhang (born and died unknown), surname Chen, Tian shi, ming zhang, famous general of the State of Qi during the Warring States period, known as Zhangzi or Kuangzi. For Kuang Zhang, he defeated the Qin state at the Battle of Sanqiu and the Battle of Hangu Pass. On the one hand, the Battle of Sanqiu was a battle that took place around the 46th year of King Xian of Zhou (323 BC), in which the State of Qi defeated the Qin invasion at Sangqiu (near present-day Yanzhou, Shandong). This battle was the first battle to confront the State of Qi since the Shang Martingale of the Qin State had changed its law. At the Battle of Sanqiu, Kuang Zhang led the Qi army to defeat the Qin army. At that time, King Huiwen of Qin learned of the defeat of the front line and quickly sent Chen Yi as an emissary to the State of Qi as a "minister of the Western Domain" to apologize to the King of Qiwei.
On the other hand, for Kuang Zhang, in addition to the Battle of Sanqiu, he also defeated the Qin state in the Battle of Hangu pass, which was also the second time he defeated the Qin army. For Kuang Zhang, a famous general of the State of Qi, in the fifth year of King Qi Min (296 BC), he led an army to break through the peak of the Qin State and attacked Hangu Pass (the only general who entered Qin Pass in the Warring States period), and after suffering defeat, King Zhaoxiang of Qin returned to Hebei and Wusui in Korea, and returned to the Wei state of Hewai and Fengling to seek peace.
Xin Lingjun (Wei)
Wei Wujie (?) –243 BC), also known as the "Four Princes of the Warring States" along with Chunshen Jun Huang Xie, Meng Tian Wen, and Pingyuan Jun Zhao Sheng. He was a famous military figure of the State of Wei during the Warring States period, the younger son of King Zhao of Wei, and the half-brother of King An of Wei. In 257 BC, the army of the State of Qin besieged the capital of the State of Zhao, Handan, and the situation of the State of Zhao was very critical. In the Battle of Handan, the Xinling emperor Wei Wujie stole the charm to save Zhao and defeated the Qin state at its peak. In December 257 BC, the Wei and Chu armies successively reached the outskirts of Handan and attacked the Qin army. The Defenders of the State of Zhao cooperated with the Wei and Chu armies outside the city to go out of the city to counterattack. Under the internal and external attacks of the three armies, the Qin army was defeated and suffered heavy losses.
The Wei army led by Wei Wuji, the Prince of Xinling, and the Chu army took advantage of the victory to advance to Hedong (河東, in present-day southwestern Shanxi Province), and the Qin army was defeated, resulting in the loss of several cities in Hedong County. At this time, Korea also joined the joint attack on Qin, and Zhao, Wei, Chu, and Han successively recaptured Hedong County of Wei, As well as Anyang and Fencheng, Taiyuan County of Zhao, as well as Pigao, Wu'an, Han Shangdang County, and Runan.
In addition to the Battle of Handan, Wei Wujie also organized a joint attack on Qin. In the third year of The reign of King Xiang of Qin (247 BC), the five kingdoms of Wei, Zhao, Han, Chu, and Yan formed a coalition under the command of Wei Xinling's emperor Wei Wuji to attack Qin, defeated the Qin army outside the river (in present-day the area south of the Yellow River in western Henan), and retreated after hangu pass. The fourth joint attack on Qin was won, so for The Xinling Emperor Wei Wuji, like Kuang Zhang, he also became a famous general who defeated the Qin army twice in the middle and late Warring States period.
Li Mu (Zhao Guo)
Li Mu (?) –229 BC), courtesy name Li (李氏), courtesy name Mu (名牧), was a native of The Zhao State of Bairen (present-day Longyao County, Xingtai, Hebei Province), a famous general and military figure of the State of Zhao during the Warring States period, and was known as the "Four Famous Generals of the Warring States" along with Bai Qi, Wang Qi, and Lian Po. In the middle and late Period of the Warring States Period, Li Mu also defeated the Qin State twice.
On the one hand, the Battle of Fei was in the fourteenth year of the Reign of the Qin Dynasty (233 BC), in the war against the Six Kingdoms of Qin, the famous general Li Mu led the Zhao army to defeat the Qin army in Fei (in the area of present-day Gaocheng District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei). Throughout the course of the War of Fei, Li Mu, one of the four famous generals of the Warring States, firmly grasped the initiative on the battlefield, made full use of his strengths and avoided his weaknesses, and finally won a complete victory. This is a typical battle to encircle Wei and save Zhao. With this battle, Li Mu was awarded the title of Wu Anjun.
On the other hand, in the fifteenth year of the reign of the Qin Dynasty (232 BC), the Qin army attacked the Zhao state on a large scale. Its troop deployment was as follows: the Southern Route Army advanced to Yiyi Pingyang, threatening the Zhao capital Handan from the south, and the Northern Route Army advancing Taiyuan and attacking the Fanwu stronghold through the Taihang Mountains. In the Battle of Fanwu, Li Mu accurately judged the enemy's situation before the battle, which was the main reason for the victory of this battle, but the Zhao state was no longer able to fight again, so this battle was only a rout battle, and failed to besiege the Qin army. In the view of many historians, as far as the Battle of Fanwu is concerned, it is also the last major victory of the Zhao State in the confrontation between the Qin State and the Zhao State. In the late Warring States period, Li Mu was the only good general on which the Zhao State relied to support the crisis, known as "Li Mu died, Zhao Guo died", which was obviously a very high evaluation.
In 229 BC, Wang Qi led a large army to attack the State of Zhao, with the intention of destroying the State of Zhao with this battle. In this battle, King Zhao moved to the Qin state's divisive plan, listened to rumors and seized Li Mu's military power, and killed Li Mu shortly after. After Li Mu was killed, Wang Qi successfully led the Qin army to attack the Capital of the Zhao State of Handan. In general, after the Shang martingale changed the law, although the Qin army was invincible, it won many battles and victories. However, in front of kuang zhang, xin lingjun, and li mu, the qin army still suffered two defeats. Of course, because of the strong family foundation, although the Qin State has suffered defeat, it can still make a comeback. In the end, Qin Shi Huang destroyed the Six Kingdoms of Shandong and officially established the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC.