His life was only 46 years short. In these short periods of 46 years, China was constantly plundered and divided by the Eastern and Western powers, and was in the darkest period of semi-feudalism and semi-colonization, and this period was also the period of awakening of the Chinese "sleeping lion" who was "magnificent and meteorological"! He was a professor of law at the end of the Qing Dynasty, who studied in Japan, joined the League, and then joined the Communist Party of China. He was the revolutionary martyr He Yudao.
He Yu Dao
On January 4, 1928, He Yudao was shot dead in Hankou by kuomintang reactionaries at the age of 46.
Revolutionary ideas sprouted, hoping to save the people from fire and water
He Yudao, whose real name is Jinbang (金邦), was born on July 22, 1882 in Lanjialing, Nanhe, Hanchuan County, Hubei Province. Both my grandfather and father were poor farmers based on farming. Although He Yudao was born into poverty, he was diligent and studious since childhood, and made friends. In 1903, he entered the front hall of the new-style school Hanyangfu Middle School and began to produce national revolutionary ideas. Later, he transferred to the Provincial Liberal Arts Ordinary Middle School and accepted many advanced ideas. Changed its name to Yu Dao and Wing Ren, taken from "Protecting Civil Rights, Wing Humanity".
He Yudao's youth coincided with the crumbling of the Qing government, when the country was worried about internal and external troubles, and the people's lives were miserable. All this caused the young He Yudao to feel indignant and dissatisfied with the darkness of the world.
At the age of 18, He Yudao passed the yingtongsheng examination. Soon, he was married to his fellow villager Yin. Later, in order to study, he entered the Wuchang Hubei Provincial Wenpu Middle School. During his time in school, he received a lot of new knowledge, broadened his horizons, and got to know a group of advanced young people such as Ning Jiaoren, and his anxiety for the country and the people grew day by day. At the symposium of teachers and students of the academy, he painfully stated the reasons for the country's decline, as well as his desire to save the country and hope to save the people from water and fire.
He traveled east to Japan and joined the League
In 1906, He Yu was able to study in Japan through the help of wealthy families of the same ethnic group. It was also during this period that he began to come into contact with revolutionary ideas and became acquainted with revolutionaries, thus following Dr. Sun Yat-sen and joining the League. After the Xinhai Revolution, he returned to China in 1912 with the ambition of dedicating himself to the motherland, and served in the Hubei Provincial Civil Affairs Minister's Office, but because he was dissatisfied with the darkness of the official field, especially the struggle against corrupt officials, he resigned in anger and went east to Japan again.
In 1913, Song Jiaoren was killed by Yuan Shikai, which further strengthened He Yudao's belief in opposing the feudal warlords, and became acquainted with the revolutionary Dong Biwu in Japan, and from then on, under the leadership of Dong Biwu, he engaged in revolutionary work.
Photographs taken after Song Jiaoren's death. Huang Xing advocated neatly dressed to show his brightness and integrity.
After returning to China in 1917, he successively served as a professor of economics and law at Wuchang University of Commerce, provincial legislative university and national Wuchang Sun Yat-sen University (the predecessor of Wuhan University), and was proficient in both economics and law, calligraphy, poetry, and Yang Lian, plus foreign languages studied in Japan for many years, which can be described as "erudite"! He taught money theory, banking and constitutional law, and was the first generation of scholars in the field of money banking and constitutional law in China, and he was a pioneering "master" figure. He also explained the Marxist economic viewpoint in light of China's national conditions, which was well received by progressive students.
He Yudao also actively propagated revolutionary principles, exposed the arbitrary rule of warlords and imperialist ambitions to invade and carve up China, trained many young people with lofty ideals to save the country and love the country, and actively prepared liaison stations aimed at carrying out propaganda for political reform.
He joined the Kuomintang and was a loyal ally of the Communist Party
He Yudao has inextricably linked to many famous people, including two most famous people from the founding of the Chinese Communist Party to the end: Mao Zedong and Dong Biwu.
The life of the martyr He Yudao is a life of pursuing truth and constantly exploring. In 1924, the two parties established a united front, and after being introduced, He Yudao joined the Kuomintang, which was still in a secret state, and was elected as a standing committee member of the first party congress of the Kuomintang in Hubei Province. He helped Dong Biwu and Chen Tanqiu to actively run for liaison, prepare for the establishment of the provincial party department, and work in it, and was a loyal ally of the Communist Party.
In July 1926, the National Revolutionary Army swore an oath to the Northern Expedition. He Yudao ran around for the revolution. He supported the revolution with all favorable conditions, and set up a liaison station in his residence, often summoning revolutionaries to discuss the arrangement of revolutionary work.
In his long-term revolutionary work, He Yudao worked diligently, strictly disciplined himself, and selfless. He always asked himself to do the same thing on the same day, paying attention to efficient work.
Kuomintang Central Peasant Training Institute
In March 1927, Mao Zedong founded the Wuchang Central Peasant Movement Training Institute (Kuomintang Central Peasants' Training Institute), and after the course began, Mao Zedong hired He Yudao to teach general knowledge of economics. Through direct or indirect close contact with Mao Zedong, he strengthened his great belief in seeking happiness for the toiling masses and fighting for communism all his life.
Classroom of the Kuomintang Central Peasant Training Institute
He Yudao's enthusiasm, work ability and work achievements were praised by Mao Zedong, Dong Biwu and other early LEADERS of the CCP.
He fought for communism and the Chinese revolution all his life
The martyr He Yudao should be said to be the first generation of communist fighters and proletarian revolutionaries in our country, who gradually approached and accepted Marxism, took Marxism as the guiding ideology and searched for more and more, and quickly completed the self-transformation and transition from a democrat to a communist.
In 1926, the torrent of the Great Revolution surged forward with the clarion call of victory of the Northern Expeditionary Army. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek, with the support of imperialism, the feudal forces and the lackey comprador bourgeoisie, accelerated the pace of betrayal of the revolution. On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek staged a counter-revolutionary coup d'état, hunting down Communists and massacring revolutionaries.
Seeing this situation, He Yudao, who was a member of the Standing Committee of the Hubei Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang, was heartbroken and indignant. Together with Dong Biwu, Qian Jiepan, and other revolutionaries, he called on everyone to join the enemy and resolutely struggle against the reactionary enemy to the end. At the lowest tide of the Chinese revolution, he was introduced by Dong Biwu and resolutely joined the Communist Party of China, quickly becoming a staunch proletarian revolutionary fighter! Determined to fight for communism and the Chinese revolution all his life.
Dong Biwu (data map)
In May, Xia Douyin rebelled in Yichang. This is undoubtedly worse for the Great Revolution, which is in the midst of hardships and hardships. He Yudao was furious, and in order to denounce the traitors, he presided over the Kuomintang party meeting in the three towns of Wuhan on June 7. At the meeting, in the face of the black and oppressive crowd in the audience, he knew that in this particular period, the venue must be mixed, and those counter-revolutionaries and secret agents would not miss any opportunity to spy and sabotage. But in spite of everything and making generous statements, he publicly rebuked Chiang Kai-shek and Xia Douyin for betraying the revolution, slaughtering communists, crushing the workers' movement, colluding with the heinous crimes of imperialism, exposing the ugly features of their fake revolution, and calling on the people to rise up against the traitors. At this time, the crowd in the venue was indignant, and the cries of revenge against traitors and revolutionary slogans rose higher and higher. The agents who were mixed in the crowd saw this formation and had to sneak out of the venue. The congress unanimously adopted the "Campaign against Chiang Kai-shek's Electrification" and the "Telegram of Condolences to the Soldiers at the Front." This enabled people to see the hope of the revolution and strengthened their confidence in the revolution.
"I'd rather not live than be anti-communist"
On July 15, Wang Jingwei held a meeting of the "separation of the Communists" in Wuhan, and the "Ninghan split" became the "Ninghan confluence", resulting in the failure of the vigorous revolutionary movement.
The Wang Jingwei Group saw that He Yudao had a certain prestige and influence in society and tried to win him over. He also sent someone to persuade He Yu: "Now that the overall situation has been decided, there is no way out of following the Communist Party, as long as you are willing to oppose communism, you will be reinstated as an official, and the bonus will be added." He Yu retorted sternly, "The way out you are talking about is just for personal gain." "Without the Communist Party, the Northern Expedition would not have developed triumphantly, and why do you hate and frame the Communist Party, which has meritorious deeds but has no faults..." "You mean that if you want to live, you must oppose communism, and I would rather not live than oppose communism." Those who came to persuade him saw that his mind was set and had to return with pity.
The traitor betrayed and He Yudao was arrested
On the night of the 24th, in the dormitory of He Yudao in the back building of the Hubei Party Department, Dong Biwu, Chen Tanqiu, Li Hanjun, He Yudao, Qian Jiepan, and others secretly held a meeting. The meeting focused on the political situation after the split between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. It was decided to immediately organize forces to lead the peasants in various regions to hold armed uprisings, to deal with armed counter-revolutions with armed revolution, and to swear to fight a bloody war with the reactionaries to the end.
At this time, the revolutionary struggle was facing a severe test, and under the crazy clamor of the reactionaries that "they would rather kill a thousand by mistake than spare one person", secret agents and reactionary military and police went everywhere to hunt down revolutionaries. In order to avoid sacrifice and preserve the revolutionary forces, the party decided to turn the struggle underground and let some well-known people go abroad. Dong Biwu, Qian Jiepan, and other party leaders repeatedly asked He Yudao to go abroad for a while, but they were all politely refused by him. He insisted that he and Dong Biwu and others work together to save the times and stay behind to persist in the struggle.
In November, the Western Expeditionary Force of the Gui warlord Hu Zongduo entered Wuhan. As soon as he arrived in Wuhan, he began to investigate, and the famous Kuomintang leftist Zhan Dabei and the revolutionary Li Hanjun were arrested and executed. At the beginning of the year, Hu Zongduo stepped up his rule over Wuhan and more brutally destroyed the revolutionary forces in order to realize his dream of completely eliminating the revolutionary forces.
At the end of the same year, He Yudao, alias Hu Wenqing, and dong Biwu lived in hiding in the home of Yuan Fanyu in the Japanese concession of Hankou. Soon, however, the traitors reported their whereabouts to the enemy, and the situation was extremely critical under constant surveillance and tracking by the gendarmerie agents. He Yudao urged Yuan Fanyu to cover Dong Biwu's early departure from Hankou in order to get out of danger. When Dong Biwu left Hankou safely, the traitor agents colluded with the Japanese consulate to break into Yuan's house and arrestEd He Yudao without capturing Dong Biwu.
"To die for the motherland and for the people, it is advisable to die"
During his imprisonment, Hu Zongduo and Tao Jun interrogated He Yudao several times, both soft and hard, in a vain attempt to force him to hand over the list of communists, but He Yudao was unyielding. The enemy had no choice but to torture He Yudao with all kinds of torture. In the face of the enemy's destruction of humanity, He Yudao said heroically: "I will not go to hell, who will go to hell", "Die for the motherland and the people, and die for the people." "The massacre of the Kuomintang reactionaries is only a quick one, and you don't need to ask any more questions about how many means there are, but the Communists are not afraid of death." "Whoever rejuvenates China will only be the Communist Party."
On January 4, 1928, the enemy angrily escorted He Yudao to the execution ground of Jishengsan Road in Hankou. Before his execution, He Yudao was awe-struck, constantly shouting "Long live the Communist Party of China", and was heroic and righteous.