In the blink of an eye, the Communist Party of China is 100 years old.
Who would have thought that the Communist Party of China, founded a hundred years ago in 1921 with only 13 party members, has grown to 2021 and has become the world's largest party with 91.914 million members!
Who would have thought that the Communist Party of China, born a hundred years ago in 1921 in an environment of warlord chaos and oppression by Western powers, would become the mainstay of the land of Shenzhou and lead the descendants of Yanhuang to the kangzhuang road!
All this was due to the faith of the original 13 founding members in the Chinese revolution and the lofty pursuit of communism.
On the evening of July 23, 1921, the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China was officially opened at No. 106 Wangzhi Road (now No. 76 Xingye Road) in the French Concession of Shanghai, marking the formal establishment of the Communist Party of China.
A total of 13 party representatives attended the meeting, representing more than 50 party members across the country, namely:
Li Hanjun and Li Da of the Shanghai Party Group; Zhang Guotao and Liu Renjing of the Beijing Party Group; Mao Zedong and He Shuheng of the Changsha Party Group; Dong Biwu and Chen Tanqiu of the Wuhan Party Group; Wang Gemei and Deng Enming of the Jinan Party Group; Chen Gongbo of the Guangzhou Party Group; Zhou Fohai, a party representative who returned from Japan; and Bao Huisheng, a representative appointed by Chen Duxiu.
Therefore, these 13 CPC deputies are the founding members of the CPC.
It is reasonable to say that as founding party members, their revolutionary will is the firmest and their greatest contribution to the party. However, 28 years later, at the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China in 1949, only Chairman Mao and Dong Biwu, two of the 13 founding party members, walked up to the Tiananmen Tower to celebrate the founding of New China.
So what are the other 11 founding party members doing?
In fact, the reason why the remaining founding party members did not attend the founding ceremony was, on the one hand, because some party members died heroically in the revolutionary war or died of fatigue and illness, and on the other hand, some party members lost their revolutionary confidence in the early stage of the revolution and openly treasoned to the enemy and became traitors.
We can roughly divide it into five categories:
The first category is a major representative of the CPC who treasoned against the enemy and became a traitor: Chen Gongbo and Zhou Fohai
Chen Gongbo and Zhou Fohai were the most typical traitors and traitors among the deputies to the founding party of the CPC, openly betraying the country and seeking glory. In particular, Chen Gongbo became the only delegate among the major deputies of the CPC who did not hold a full meeting, and at that time, the first phase of the party's meeting was searched by the French patrol, and Chen Gongbo was scared away and returned to Guangzhou.
Chen Gongbo
Since then, Chen Gongbo has openly left the party and threatened not to be bound by party discipline, and it can be seen from here that his revolutionary convictions are quite fragile, so that it is not surprising that Chen Gongbo followed Wang Jingwei to defect to the enemy and become a traitor during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. After Wang Jingwei's death, Chen Gongbo took over as chairman of the puppet government in Nanjing, becoming the second most traitor after Wang Jingwei and was executed by the Nationalist government in 1946.
The same was true of Zhou Fohai, who took the initiative to defect from the Communist Party to the Kuomintang in the third year of its founding, and not long after Japan launched a war of aggression against China, Zhou Fohai saw the wind and rose to the helm, followed Wang Jingwei to surrender to Japan, and became the third big traitor. He died in 1948 in Nanjing Tiger Bridge Prison.
The second category is a major representative of the CPC who defected from the party and defected to the enemy: Zhang Guotao, Bao Huisheng, Liu Renjing, and Li Hanjun
Zhang Guotao, Bao Huisheng, Liu Renjing, and Li Hanjun were all related to the Kuomintang, among whom Zhang Guotao served as the supreme leader of the Red Fourth Front, and his position was above xu Xiangqian, the commander-in-chief of the Red Fourth Front, but after the Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, he openly defected to the Kuomintang camp and eventually died in a foreign country.
Li Hanjun and Bao Huisheng took the initiative to break away from the CCP and join the Kuomintang organization; Liu Renjing joined the Kuomintang after returning to China because she participated in the activities of the Trotskyists and joined the Kuomintang after being expelled from the party organization.
After defecting or leaving the Party, these four people were not reused on the side of the Kuomintang, let alone realized their ambitions.
The third category is a major representative of the CPC who is dissatisfied with the party's policies and voluntarily leaves the party: Li Da
Li Da was elected as the propaganda director of the CPC Central Bureau at the cpc National Congress, but because he was ostracized by Zhang Guotao and disagreed with Chen Duxiu's opinions, Li Da gradually lost his way and felt that he could not realize his ideal ambitions, so he took the initiative to leave the party.
But he did not join the Kuomintang because of this, Li Da still believed in communism, and after leaving the party, he successively taught at Wuchang Sun Yat-sen University, Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Guangxi University and many other universities, devoted himself to the study of Marxist-Leninist theory, avoided political and military disputes from the outside world, and only worked as a teacher, and eventually became an outstanding Marxist theorist, propagandist and educator in China.
Given that Li Da is neither a democratic party nor an outstanding figure in our party, it is inevitable that he will not be invited to attend the grand meeting of the founding ceremony.
The fourth category is a major representative of the CPC who sacrificed for the cause of the Chinese revolution: He Shuheng, Deng Enming, and Chen Tanqiu
The two founding representatives of the Shandong Party, Wang Zhimei, died of illness, and Deng Enming was killed by traitors while leading the strike movement during the agrarian revolution, without witnessing the establishment of a new China for which he fought.
After the Long March of the main force of the Red Army, He Shuheng stayed in the Soviet area to insist on guerrilla warfare, but he did not expect to die heroically in the Changting Breakthrough Battle in February 1935, at the age of 59.
Chen Tanqiu, like He Shuheng, also stayed in the Soviet union to work, but Chen Tanqiu died in Xinjiang during the War of Resistance Against Japan and was tortured and killed by Wang Shengshicai of Xinjiang.
The fifth category is a major representative of the CPC who died of illness after accumulating overwork for the cause of the Chinese revolution: Wang Gemei
As one of the only two founders of the CCP in Shandong, Wang Gemei once became the secretary of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee, went west for China's revolutionary cause, actively launched the workers' movement, vigorously developed the party organization in Shandong, and finally died of illness in Qingdao in 1925 due to overwork, becoming the earliest party representative among the founders of the CCP.
It can be seen from this that in the early days of the founding of the CPC, some comrades did have a wavering revolutionary conviction, and in the ten years after the founding of the party, it was also the initial stage of our party's leadership of the revolutionary cause, which was extremely difficult. Chen Gongbo, Li Da, Li Hanjun, Zhou Fohai, Bao Huisheng, and Liu Renjing, a total of 6 founding deputies, left the party or were expelled from the party, which already accounted for about half of the number of deputies to the founding party of our party.
Therefore, the Communist Party of China is by no means the lucky one of fate, and every step of development and success is not easy to come by. In particular, in the more than ten years from the founding of the party to the Zunyi Conference, Chairman Mao's position in the party was not even as high as that of Premier Zhou, and the leadership of the Red Army contingent was sometimes deprived and sometimes restored, but Chairman Mao never bothered about these external affairs, and he considered how to lead the new contingent to carry out the revolutionary movement well and how to win the final victory of the revolution.
It was precisely because of this unwavering revolutionary conviction that Chairman Mao and Dong Biwu were able to step by step succeed and walk up to the Tiananmen Tower to witness the birth of a new China in which the people are the masters of their own affairs.