In the ranks of generals of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, there is a legendary general who is "bold and bold". During the attack on Jinan, he privately changed the military order and changed the "assist" to "main attack"; in the Shanghai Campaign, it was even forged
Chen Yi
Ordered, the "Radish Great Seal" was used to force the surrender of the Kuomintang Deputy Commander of the Songhu Garrison
Liu Changyi
...... He joined the peasant Red Guards and the Communist Youth League at the age of 15, and grew from an ordinary soldier all the way to the founding lieutenant general of the East China Military Region's air force commander, a member of the Central Military Commission, and the commander of the Nanjing Military Region
Nie Fengzhi
。
In 1913, Nie Fengzhi was born in Niejiabian Village, Huang'an, Hubei Province, he lost his father at an early age, and he struggled with his uncle who was incapacitated to work, and his bitter life experience made him gradually dissatisfied with the old society. With the rise of the peasant movement, Nie Fengzhi participated in the revolutionary struggle in the jute area.
In January 1929, Nie Fengzhi joined the Red Army, was assigned to the Red 1st Division, 1st Regiment, 3 Battalions, 7th Company as a service officer, because of his bravery in combat, successively served as instructor, deputy battalion commander, battalion commander, instructor, deputy regimental commander of the traffic brigade, in October 1936, when the three main forces of the Red Army met the division, he was already the commander of the 269th Regiment of the 93rd Division.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Nie Fengzhi was very eager to enter
Chinese University of Anti-Japanese Military and Political Science
Systematically study military and political theory. However, neither application was answered, so he took matters into his own hands and did not say goodbye. Unexpectedly, it was
Liu Bocheng
"Caught" back. Liu Bocheng criticized him and said:
"They are all regiment-level cadres, and they are still so by nature."
On the one hand, he was impressed by his studious spirit, and finally not only agreed to his visit to Kangda, but also gave him 8 yuan as a road fee.
After Nie Fengzhi graduated from Kang University, he first stayed in the school to teach, and then was appointed as a teacher
Deputy Regiment Commander and Education Chief of the Third Regiment of the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University
He led the Third Regiment of the Anti-Japanese War to the Jin-Cha-Ji Anti-Japanese Base Area for activities.
In October 1939, Nie Fengzhi led the Third Regiment of Kang Da to Shandong and was appointed as the principal of the Jiaodong Branch of the First Branch of Kang Da.
Young Nie Fengzhi
In 1942, the Japanese army swept the Jiaodong area. The Jiaodong branch school led by Nie Fengzhi was in the central area of the Jiaodong base area, and his superiors ordered him to transfer and preserve the living forces, and he immediately deployed the transfer of troops after the meeting, at this time the troops were preparing to eat, but the scouts sent information:
The Japanese and puppet armies were 10 kilometers away.
After receiving the information, Nie Fengzhi immediately ordered:
Don't eat, evacuate quickly! Those who have served rice take the rice with them, and carry the pot in the pot, and they are not allowed to delay for a minute.
Many people complained about this, saying:
"The enemy is still 10 kilometers away, panic, it will not take a few minutes to eat a meal, and it is not too late to go after eating!"
But Nie Fengzhi said firmly:
"No, let's go!"
As soon as the troops withdrew, the Shells of the Japanese Army immediately landed on the place where the meal had just been served, and everyone felt that Nie Fengzhi's decision was correct, and they all praised it:
"Principal Nie is really a clever plan!"
Nie Fengzhi explained to everyone at this time:
"The scout reported that there were still 10 kilometers left, and he had to run 10 kilometers when he came back to report, even if one was fast and the other was slow, the enemy was also fast, so how could he not make a decision without taking the opportunity?"
After listening to Nie Fengzhi's analysis, everyone was impressed.
In 1943, the Jiaodong army underwent a large-scale reorganization, and Nie Fengzhi was sent to the 13th Regiment as the commander of the regiment.
The 13th Regiment was the Tiger Regiment of Jiaodong, the soldiers were originally masters of fighting, and suddenly there was a leader of the Teaching Craftsman Regiment, many people had opinions, and even some people mocked Nie Fengzhi and said:
"Xiucai's rebellion has not been successful for three years, and the war has not been successful!"
But Nie Fengzhi quickly proved his military talent, and at the beginning of his term of office, he was ready to destroy a claim built by the Japanese army in the village of Shewobo in Qixia County
"Luzhong First Fort"
The bottom layer of the large bunker, which is used as a cover for light use, is up to 3 feet thick, excluding the top wall, from bottom to top of the 3-layer perforation, which can be fired on all sides against the road; its top bunker wall can be seen, and can throw grenadiers, rifles, machine guns can shoot, and there can be 1 reinforced company stationed inside, which is indeed easy to defend and difficult to attack.
When the officers and men learned of Nie Fengzhi's plan, they were all surprised, at that time, the 13th Regiment had not yet fired a flat artillery, and they all thought that it would be too difficult to destroy this bunker, but Fengzhi insisted: "Without a cannon, even if you rely on explosives to blow it up!" ”
After careful study, Nie Fengzhi decided to carry out an external blast of the bunker in the village of Snake Nest, and he gave this task to the 3rd Battalion. Under his careful planning, the 3rd Battalion, with the cooperation of the local militia, carried 500 kilograms of high explosives on May 24, which was blasted directly from the outside, and with a loud noise, the bunker was directly blown down, and the ghosts of a reinforced company inside were all eliminated.
After the battle, the soldiers of the 13th Regiment completely obeyed Nie Fengzhi, and they praised one after another:
"I didn't expect that this new regiment leader's courage was really big, and he killed the Luzhong Big Bunker in the first place!" It seems that the war is famous! ”
After the all-out outbreak of the War of Liberation, after more than a year of arduous fighting, the momentum of the People's Liberation Army overwhelmed the Kuomintang army, and in order to meet the needs of the situation, the Shandong Field Army merged with the Central China Field Army to form the East China Field Army.
In August 1947, Nie Fengzhi was appointed commander of the 9th Column of the Shandong Corps of the East China Field Army.
In the autumn of 1948, the Central Military Commission ordered the Shandong Corps to capture Jinan for a limited time of one month.
At that time, Jinan was the capital of Shandong, too
Chiang Kai-shek
The only strongly fortified large city that remains in the hinterland of Shandong.
When Hua Ye called a meeting of the leaders of the various columns, everyone generally believed that it was too tight to capture such a strong strategic place as fortification, and it was too tight to prepare for at least 2 months.
Schematic diagram of the Battle of Jinan
But at this time, Nie Fengzhi stood up and spoke:
"In my personal opinion, it doesn't have to drag on for that long, there are 15 to 20 days, maybe you can take down Jinan Province!"
The participants laughed one after another, thinking that this Nie Fengzhi was really a bit ignorant of the height of the sky, the political commissar of the 4 columns
Guo Huaruo
I couldn't help but joke to Nie Fengzhi:
"Brother Nie, Takami! Toast you with a cup of tea! ”
Finally, after some discussion, Hua Ye adopted Nie Fengzhi's suggestion, but only gave Nie Fengzhi the task of "assisting" on the eastern front of the 9th column.
Nie Fengzhi did not grab the "main attack" task, and his heart was very depressed, and after returning to the column headquarters, he directly waved a large stroke of the pen and changed the "assist" task issued by his superiors to "main attack".
After receiving the order, the 3 division commanders below the 9th Column called Nie Fengzhi one after another and asked if his order was wrong, but Nie Fengzhi insisted:
"No mistake, when did the 9th Column ever play an assist?"
Commander of the Shandong Corps
Xu Shiyou
After receiving this, he immediately came to the headquarters of the 9th Column and said to Nie Fengzhi with a black face:
"Nie Fengzhi, you are so bold! The great war is imminent, and you dare to change Hua Ye's orders privately! ”
Nie Fengzhi did not hesitate to defend:
"Whether it is the main attack or the assist, the key must be attacked, if the assisting unit binds its own hands and feet and does not dare to let go to fight, how can it help the main attack of the brother troops?"
When Xu Shiyou heard this, he had no choice but to acquiesce to Nie Fengzhi's arrangement, so he scolded:
"Nie Fengzhi, if you mess up, see I don't pick your skin!"
On September 16, the Battle of Jinan was officially launched. The officers and men of the 9th Column all thought that they were the main attackers, and they were riveted and fought to defend the city
Wang Yaowu
I couldn't judge my main attack direction at all, and I quickly lost my footing. At 2:05 a.m. on September 23, the 73rd Regiment of the 9th Column was the first to break into the inner city and planted a red flag that "entered Jinan Province and captured Wang Yaowu alive" on the meteorological station in the city. On September 24, the whole city of Jinan was liberated, and it took only 8 days, which was half the time nie Fengzhi had originally predicted.
After the battle, a senior general who had been captured by the Nationalist army asked Nie Fengzhi:
"Which side is the main force of your siege?"
Nie Fengzhi laughed after hearing this:
"Both sides are the main force!"
Nie Fengzhi and his wife and son
More than a month after the Battle of Jinan, the Battle of Huaihai began.
In November 1948, Huaye Command decided to annihilate it
Huang Baitao
The task of the corps was given to Nie Fengzhi's 9 columns,
Tan Zhenlin
Specifically called Nie Fengzhi and asked, "How are you going to fight?" With whom? ”
Nie Fengzhi replied:
"I decided to let the 26th Division take the lead."
Tan Zhenlin was shocked when he heard this, because a year ago, the 26th Division and Huang Baitao's reorganized 64th Division had fought in Fanjiaji, Shandong for three days and three nights, and finally withdrew from the battle due to excessive casualties. Because of this, the 26th Division could not lift its head.
Tan Zhenlin then said to Nie Fengzhi:
"Comrade Nie Fengzhi, Huang Baitao's 64th Division, you don't know, the 26th Division is in Fan Jiaji..."
But Nie Fengzhi said:
"The 64th Division used to be a 'hard walnut', and now the morale and morale of the army are not good; our 26th Division, on the contrary, is a victorious division, and although it suffered heavy casualties some time ago, it will certainly be able to complete the task!"
Tan Zhenlin saw that he could not convince Nie Fengzhi, so he had to say:
"Well, the use of the troops is up to you, but you can't complete the task, you have to listen to me, then don't blame me for asking you to settle the account!"
Of course, Nie Fengzhi knew how powerful Tan Zhenlin was, but he also knew that if the 26th Division did not win again this time, there would be no chance to turn around, and he still firmly entrusted the task of attacking the 64th Division to the 26th Division. After receiving the task, the officers and men of the 26th Division were very excited and swore not to destroy the 64th Division and not to be a man!
On November 17, the battle officially began, and the speed of the 26th Division's attack was really amazing, they hit Huang Baitao's corps headquarters at 23:00, and Huang Baitao himself did not even have time to drive away in a car, so he led several attachés to flee in a hurry. After Nie Fengzhi received the victory report, he couldn't help but smile happily.
After the Battle of Huaihai, the whole army was unified, huaye 9 column was renamed the 27th army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and Nie Fengzhi was appointed as the commander.
Liu Haotian
Served as political commissar.
Soon after, the 27th Army was ordered from the Huaihai Battlefield to go to Wuwei County, Anhui Province, and began to act
"Fight across the Yangtze River and liberate all of China"
Prepare.
One day, Nie Fengzhi came to the troops by the river to inspect the work, and when he ate, the cook served him
A small dish of fried greens and a small plate of scrambled eggs with leeks
。 Nie Fengzhi wondered in his heart:
I have never eaten these two dishes before, it is reasonable to say that in March and April, green vegetables and leeks are everywhere, how did it become expensive here?
The cooker told Nie Fengzhi:
"This is a dish on the south bank of the Yangtze River, which was brought by the scouts when they crossed the river to reconnoiter, so please taste the first."
Nie Fengzhi couldn't help but move in his heart after listening:
Wouldn't it be more conducive to the army going south if we sent a reconnaissance detachment across the river, made contact with the underground party in Jiangnan, and reported in a timely and thorough manner on the situation of the enemy in front of our army?
So Nie Fengzhi told the commanders and fighters in the army about his plan, and he thought that he could send one or two reconnaissance companies to find out the situation on the other side, but some people objected:
"Are there too many people?"
Nie Fengzhi said:
"What's more, jiangnan is so vast that it can't accommodate two companies of scouts, so what do scouts do?"
In the end, Nie Fengzhi reported his ideas to the Corps, which was passed on step by step to the Central Military Commission, and the Central Military Commission also supported Nie Fengzhi's ideas.
Nie Fengzhi then formed an advance river crossing brigade with three reconnaissance squads drawn from the 1st and 2nd companies of the reconnaissance battalion and the 79th and 81st divisions, with the chief of staff of the 242nd Regiment
Chapter dust
Chief of the Reconnaissance Section of the Japanese Army
Mousson
He was appointed as the head and deputy commanders of the brigade, and led the team to cross the river to carry out reconnaissance tasks.
After the reconnaissance detachment crossed the river, it did as Nie Fengzhi thought, and continuously passed on the intelligence of the Kuomintang troops on the other side of the river, making important contributions to our army's subsequent preparations for crossing the river. Later we became acquainted with the film
"Reconnaissance of Crossing the River"
It was based on the deeds of the 27th Army's "advance river crossing brigade."
On April 20, Sanye officially ordered the start of crossing the river, and the 27th Army received the task of attacking the black sandbar in the center of the river, which was the fortress in the middle of the river that the Kuomintang army worked hardest to operate in the defense of the river, and all kinds of fortifications were scattered, which could be described as easy to defend and difficult to attack.
How to attack such a complex and tight fortification? Nie Fengzhi put forward his own ideas:
Abandon the strong attack on the black sandbar, cross it, and take Jiangnan directly. The specific method is to use 1 division to "see" the enemy defending the black sandbar, and the other 2 divisions secretly bypass the two sides of the black sandbar.
However, after this opinion was put forward, it was opposed by the majority of the people, and everyone said:
This is impossible, the black sandbar is the throat of the Kuomintang army on the water, and it is undoubtedly a fantasy to want to sneak around!
Nie Fengzhi argued with everyone for a long time, but he still couldn't convince everyone, so he had to take out the final trump card:
"Well, the military commander in charge of military matters has the right to decide, I have decided. I decided wrong, I am responsible, who does not implement, who is responsible for the party, dismissed and shot, then don't blame me! ”
Finally, Nie Fengzhi ordered the 81st Division to "see" the black sandbar, while the 79th and 80th Divisions bypassed the black sandbar and took the south bank. The battle was as decisive as he expected, and it took only 45 minutes for the 79th and 80th Divisions to land on the south bank of the Yangtze River.
Our army crossed the Yangtze River
After Nie Fengzhi crossed the river, he gave peace to the Party Central Committee
Mao Zedong
A telegram was taken, and the full text of the telegram was only thirteen words:
We have triumphantly set foot on the land of Gangnam!
The next day, Mao Zedong received this telegram, and he could not suppress the joy in his heart, and wrote down a famous article in the history of journalism in our country
"My 300,000-strong army triumphantly crossed the Yangtze River in the south"
After crossing the Yangtze River, Nie Fengzhi's 27th Army participated in the Battle of Shanghai.
At that time, Shanghai was the largest city and economic center in China, and it was also the place where imperialist interests were most concentrated in China, and it was also the largest international metropolis in the Far East, with a large number of foreign overseas Chinese.
Shanghai's urban fate affects the eyes of the Chinese people and even the world, and if it is not solved well, it is likely to cause armed intervention by imperialism and complicate the liberation of Shanghai.
Commander of the Third Field Army
Figuratively speaking:
"The Battle of Shanghai is like fighting rats in a porcelain shop, not only to catch the rats, but also not to break those precious porcelain."
Old Shanghai
After fierce peripheral battles, Sanye soon surrounded the Nationalist forces in Shanghai from the east, south, and west.
On May 21, the Mino Command officially issued a combat order for the general attack on the city. In order to minimize the loss of people's lives and property, Sanye ordered that only small arms should be used to fight in attacking urban areas, and the use of artillery and explosives was prohibited.
Before attacking the city, Nie Fengzhi once again stressed to the troops the order of his superiors to use only light weapons and not to use artillery and explosives, but they were resisted by many people.
Everyone thinks:
Not using heavy weapons on the battlefield is equivalent to tying up your hands and feet to let the enemy fight, is this still called fighting? Moreover, the city is full of bunkers, and if heavy weapons are not used, then our army will inevitably suffer heavy losses!
Some people even scolded directly:
"You Nie Fengzhi hero, don't use cannons or explosives, and joke about the lives of warriors!"
Nie Fengzhi understood everyone's feelings very well, but still patiently explained to everyone:
"Shanghai's population is too dense, and if the cannon is fired down, if it is not done well, there will be dozens or hundreds of casualties; if explosives are used, it will be even worse, and if a building is blown down, it may be the casualties of hundreds of innocent civilians." Our aim, needless to say, is clear to everyone that if we forget the people, we are not the people's army! ”
On May 24, the 27th Army reached the Suzhou River and liberated the urban area south of the Suzhou River. The Suzhou River is about 30 meters wide, and there are more than 10 bridges on the river, each of which is heavily guarded by Chiang Kai-shek's army. Jiang Jun built bunkers on the road and at the head of the bridge, built barricades, piled up horses, pulled barbed wire, and from the bunker to the building there were dozens of machine guns blocking the bridgehead, not to mention that people rushed over, even if the sparrows wanted to fly over, they would be knocked out by this dense fire net.
Suzhou Creek before the war
The officers and men of the 27th Army paid a heavy price, but never crossed the other side of the river, and the officers and men continued to die, which made the commander of the 235th Regiment on the front line
Wang Jingkun
Unable to hold his breath, he reported to Nie Fengzhi: "
Commander, let's fire a few shots, ensure that one shot is fired at one point, never fire more, and ensure that a few shots will kill all the enemy fire points on the other side! ”
Of course, Nie Fengzhi knew that as long as he said a word, although the enemy on the other side could be destroyed, but once the shot went down, the shrapnel would not grow eyes, and he would not know how many people would die! So he calmly asked Wang Jingkun:
"Shanghai was not destroyed under the tyranny of the Kuomintang reactionaries, but was damaged by the artillery fire of the People's Liberation Army.
Wang Jingkun understood Nie Fengzhi's meaning, and he said with tears in his eyes:
"Resolutely carry out the order and do not fire a single shot!"
Then Nie Fengzhi actively adjusted his tactics, and he decided to use part of his troops to pretend to attack on the front of the Suzhou River, while the other part of the main force waded through the river from both sides to encircle the enemy's rear road.
At that time, the suburbs of Shanghai
In the evening, Nie Fengzhi was just about to take a break when suddenly the artillery regiment called:
"One of the soldiers fired a shot."
It turned out that this soldier saw that 3 comrades in his village had died and shouted angrily:
"If the commander doesn't let you fire the cannon, I'm going to let the commander show it!"
The deputy commander of the artillery regiment was also present, and he immediately stopped him and said:
"Don't mess around, you're going to be shot!"
But as soon as the deputy regimental commander's voice fell, there was a "bang", and the shell flew out. This cannon was impartial, just hit the Shanghai Broadway Building, hit a big hole, fortunately did not collapse. The deputy regimental commander felt that the situation was serious, and while arresting the soldier, he called Nie Fengzhi to report it.
Nie Fengzhi liked such a soldier in his heart, he thought that such a soldier was so eager for victory, if he was well trained, he would definitely be a good soldier, so he said to the deputy regimental commander:
"Okay, don't arrest!" Soldier, the enemy has set him on fire, the casualties are so large, there is a breath of anger, it is inevitable to do one or two stupid things, education and education are enough. But you, as cadres, should have a good grasp of the troops! ”
On the night of May 24, the 27th Army finally broke through the enemy's frontal position on the north bank of the Suzhou River, and under the destructive offensive of our army,
Tombaugh
Escape by boat, leaving only a "deputy commander of the Songhu garrison"
Commanded the 51st Army to remain in Shanghai.
Faced with such a situation, Liu Changyi was also shaken, and he had to call Nie Fengzhi, who said to him:
"Commander Liu, there are two paths in front of you now. One is the road of light, that is, to lay down weapons. The safety of all the officers and men of your department, including your wife and children, can be guaranteed, and this is what General Chen Yi wants me to tell you! The other way, I don't say you know it too! ”
Liu Changyi hurriedly asked:
"Where is General Chen Yi now?"
Nie Fengzhi said:
"General Chen is not far behind us, and his surrender orders for you have been sent, and they will arrive soon!"
Liu Changyi believed Nie Fengzhi's words, and then Nie Fengzhi ordered the deputy chief of staff to draft a "Chen Yi's order", and asked the director of the political department to find someone to carve a "Chen Yi's seal" with turnips, and after he handed this order to Liu Changyi, Liu Changyi really believed it, and finally led more than 40,000 people of the 51st Army to revolt, laying the foundation for the victory of the liberation of Shanghai.
Later, Chen Yi called and asked Nie Fengzhi what method was used to make Liu Changyi surrender, and Nie Fengzhi reported to him his experience of "falsification", and Chen Yi laughed after hearing it:
"Good you Nie Fengzhi, bold, actually represented me with 'full authority'!"
After the founding of New China, Nie Fengzhi was appointed as the
Commander of the Air Force of the East China Military Region
。 Thereafter, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, in consultation with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,
Stalin
Decided to send it out
Bakirsky
The air defense group headed by the lieutenant general of the air force went to Shanghai, China, to help our army train its air force. When Bakisky saw Nie Fengzhi, he said directly to him:
"Give you a month to complete all your command studies."
Nie Fengzhi smiled and said:
"Whenever you teach me, I will let you go. Otherwise, your Excellency, The General, will not want to return to Moscow! ”
Then after a month of hard study, Nie Fengzhi actually completed all the prescribed courses step by step, and in the final examination, all his results were excellent, and Bakisky could not help but praise Nie Fengzhi to Chen Yi: "You see, you students are completely qualified. All standard fives! I can guarantee that your Chinese Air Force will definitely win the battle in the future! ”
After the outbreak of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, Nie Fengzhi led the Chinese Air Force into the Korean War and was appointed commander of the Sino-DPRK Air Force.
Under his command, the Volunteer Air Force took the initiative to fight almost every day, and built up in the airspace of The DPRK with a special style of play
"MiG Corridor"
It fought the Pentagon in a panic and made an important contribution to the final victory of the Volunteers.
Volunteer Air Force fighter
In July 1958, Nie Fengzhi was appointed deputy commander of the Fuzhou Military Region and commander of the Fuzhou Air Force.
At that time, the whole country was stable, but there were frequent wars on the Fujian front, Kuomintang planes constantly bombing the coast, and the situation over the strait was extremely tense. After Nie Fengzhi took office, he actively commanded the Air Force to shoot down many enemy planes and maintain the safety of coastal airspace.
Once, three groups of enemy planes flew over Quanzhou to harass them, and Nie Fengzhi immediately ordered the fighter planes at Shantou, Liancheng, Zhangzhou, Fuzhou, and other airfields to take off to meet the battle; he had planned to use the tactics of hitting the time difference to strike at the enemy planes, but he did not expect that the take-off time was not well coordinated, and the planes at each airport almost simultaneously reached quanzhou and surrounded the enemy planes at once.
A few days later,
Peng Dehuai
Called from Beijing and asked Nie Fengzhi:
"What 'pocket tactics' are in place? The United States, Japan and Hong Kong are all wowing and screaming, saying that this tactic is not commanded by Chinese, it may have been fought by a general of a certain country! ”
"Where is the 'pocket tactics', we did not calculate the take-off time ourselves, and we were crooked!"
In 1955, Nie Fengzhi was awarded the rank of founding lieutenant general. After that, he successively served as deputy commander of the Nanjing Military Region, commander of the air force of the Nanjing Military Region, commander of the Nanjing Military Region, and other positions, and in October 1982, Nie Fengzhi officially retired to the second line.
In his later years, Nie Fengzhi suffered from injuries and illnesses suffered during the war years, and often hallucinated, once when he was hospitalized, his wife
He Ming
When he came to visit him, she found him half hanging from the edge of the bed, and the nurse was struggling to stop him, and she quickly asked the children to move him back to the bed.
Then He Ming asked her husband:
"What's wrong with you?"
Nie Fengzhi pointed to the nurse and said:
"This kid is not good, the enemies are calling, and she told me to lie here." I was going to wear a military uniform, and she wouldn't let me; I was going to find a team, and she said to hide it. No troops, want to tell me to surrender? It's terrible! ”
Nie Fengzhi in his later years
He Ming couldn't help but laugh, he had to wipe his husband's sweat while comforting him and diverting his attention, and he slowly got better...
On April 3, 1992, Nie Fengzhi died in Nanjing at the age of 80.