Qianjiang Evening News hourly news reporter Song Hao
"My heart is bright, and I don't say anything!" In the winter of 490 years ago, Wang Yangming, the Shangshu of the Nanjing Bingbu and the Left Capital of the Imperial Inspection Yuan, swept away the rebellion in Liangguang, and died of illness in a boat on the way back to the north. On his deathbed, the students around him asked him what his last words were, and he said these eight words.
Wang Yangming was a native of Yuyao County, Shaoxing Province (present-day Yuyao, Ningbo), and later moved to Shaoxing. In addition to traveling and leading troops on business trips, he spent most of his life traveling back and forth between Beijing, Nanjing, and Shaoxing.
According to Zhejiang University Professor Shu Jingnan's new book "Yang Ming's Great Biography: The Road to The Redemption of the Heart", as well as previous works such as "Wang Yang's Genealogy of the Next Year", we have found that Wang Yangming's several important nodes in life are related to Hangzhou from entry to death, from thought to political achievement.
The Biography of Yang Ming: The Road to Salvation of the Heart (Fudan University Press, 2019)
In 1492, the 21-year-old Wang Yangming raised a high school and began to enter the political arena
Wang Yangming was born into a family of scholars. Shaoxing and Hangzhou are separated by a river, this is not his first time in Hangzhou, but it is the starting point of his brilliant life. Soon after the Zhongke Examination, he entered the Military Department and went all the way from the head of the Military Department to the Bingbu Shangshu.
In 1492, there was a flood in Zhejiang, and even the examination room was flooded, and the candidates ran in panic for a while. Although Liu Daxia, the envoy of Zhejiang Province, stabilized the scene, after all, many candidates fled for their lives, and only more than 800 candidates were left in Calm.
Among the 800 candidates, three of the candidates ended up becoming the masters of the world: Wang Shouren of Yuyao, Hu Shining of Hangzhou, and Sun Fu of Yuyao. Many years later, the King of Ning rebelled, and Hu Shining, the deputy envoy of Jiangxi, pointed out the precursors of the crisis, and the Governor of Jiangxi, Sun Xuan, was martyred in battle, and the right deputy capital Yushi Wang Shouren quelled the rebellion.
Wang Yangming's township examination volume reads: "All benevolent people have a fixed heart, and they are not confused by the selfish." When I am a man and when I am alive and dead, I see that his desire is worthy of my heart. It has shown the rudiments of his later doctrine of "to the conscience.".
Jingci Temple, starting from the preparation for the township examination, Wang Yangming lived in Hangzhou many times in his life, most of the time living in Jingci Temple.
In 1503, Hangzhou gave the 32-year-old Wang Yangming some comfort
Wang Yangming went to Hangzhou in the spring of this year and lived in Jingci Temple to recuperate. Living by the West Lake, he wrote poems such as "Seeking Spring" and "The Book of Drunkenness in the West Lake". "Jiang Gull is aware of the sudden flight, and the wild old love is only left by himself", it can be seen from the poem that he spent a comfortable time.
Sometimes, he also went from Nanping Mountain to Tiger Run and other ancient temples. Tiger Ran had a Zen monk who sat in a closed circle for three years, not speaking or opening his eyes. Wang Yangming saw this and drank, "What does this monk say all day long!" What to see all day long! The Zen monk was startled and opened his eyes to talk. He told Wang Yangming that there was still an old mother in the family, and Wang Yangming discussed with him that loving his parents was human nature. The Zen monk wept and went down the mountain the next day.
Usually, Wang Yangming also went out for a walk, and in the spring he wrote in the Holy Water Temple and other places, "Yanxia is only the master of the gulls, but the world is worried." "Add white hair to the mirror.". At this time, he seemed to have some sorrow. Looking at the lotus in the summer and the gui in the autumn, his melancholy dissipated: "The common prince does not have to come to the drunk and lying down, and he has his own incense breeze." "Late at night, I returned to the middle of the moon, full of incense and osmanthus wind."
Tiger Run. Wang Yangming traveled back and forth between Jingci and Tiger Run many times.
In 1507, after going from Hangzhou to Guizhou, there was the "Enlightenment of the Dragon Field",
Yang Mingxin learned a lot
Only four years after the last time, Wang Yangming came back to Hangzhou and was already in a different state of mind. Four years later, the grand eunuch Liu Jin gradually grew bigger, and Wang Yangming offended Liu Jin and was demoted to Guizhou Longchangyi as a postmaster.
Taking a boat south to Hangzhou, his younger brothers Wang Shouwen and Wang Shoujian greeted him at Beixinguan. Wang Yangming recuperated for a period of time at the Jingci Temple in Nanping Mountain, and wrote that "the immortal trail is no different from the light of the year, and on this day the wind has some thoughts." At this time, Wang Yangming, many people had already come to him for advice, and young people from all over Zhejiang who came to Hangzhou to participate in the township examination all gave him discipleship.
Soon, he was slightly better, rushed to Guizhou, and in one night, during the meditation, he suddenly had the "Enlightenment of the Dragon Field", and from then on he established "Wang Xue" and opened up a new situation in the Confucian system. In the history of Chinese culture, this night is nothing less than a thunderclap.
Shu Jingnan believes that the "Enlightenment of the Dragon Field" is not "to the conscience", but Zhu Xi's mistake. Zhu Xi talked about the qualities, Wang Yangming got inspiration from the "University", people to the inner qualities, just ask for the heart; Zhu Xi talked about the prophets after the line, Wang Yangming talked about the unity of knowledge and action.
Creek Straight Street. There is Beixinguan nearby.
In 1519, Wang Yangming sent King Ning to Hangzhou to hand over, becoming the "Great Ming Army God"
When he was more than ten years old, Wang Yangming followed his father, who was an official, to Beijing, traveled to Juyongguan and Shanhaiguan, surveyed the border defense of the Ming Empire, and longed to gallop across the frontier, and when he returned, he dreamed of Ma Yuan, a famous general of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The ambition of the teenager later determined his life's experience.
Wang Yangming's greatest achievement in life was to quell the rebellion of Zhu Chenhao, the king of Ning in Jiangxi. The original plan was that Wang Yangming would go to Fujian to suppress bandits, passing through Jiangxi, and the king of Ning suddenly revolted. Wang Yangming took advantage of the anti-ma and other strategies to quickly disintegrate the army of King Ning and capture King Ning himself alive, and his reputation was very high for a while.
Wang Yangming brought King Ning to Hangzhou, and the imperial court took the eunuch Zhang Yonglai to raise people. It took only 35 days to quell the chaos, and the speed of time caught the Zhengde Emperor, who originally wanted to march in person, by surprise. In order to satisfy his playfulness, he sealed himself the mighty general Zhu Shou and released King Ning to rearrange him.
Wang Yangming was not in good health, and after delivering the prisoners, he wrote to request that he stay in Hangzhou to recuperate. "When I returned from a hundred battles, I was sick, but I saw that current events were even more worrying." He lived in Jingci Temple, wrote poems, discussed and communicated with students, and was more inclined to concentrate on learning.
King Ning in film and television drama works.
In 1521, the 50-year-old Wang Yangming was tired of the officialdom
Two years after the pacification of King Ning, the Zhengde Emperor died, Jiajing ascended the throne, and Wang Yangming was promoted to the post of Shangshu of the Nanjing Army. During the period before and after, he kept correspondence with his friend Zhan Ruoshui and discussed the idea of "grid objects".
In August, the Holy Will came into the hands of Wang Yangming of Hangzhou, and he wrote a letter to the Emperor, hoping that the Emperor would allow him to retire:
For the past two years, because my father at home is old, I have been asking for retirement. It just so happened that the traitors were in power, and they were squeezed out, so that I could retire and accompany my father. Now that the new emperor has ascended the throne, the traitors have been swept away, and the country needs me, I should not have wanted to evade responsibility. But my father was old and sick, and if he didn't go back, I was afraid he wouldn't be able to see the last time.
So Jiajingte gave him family leave and went home to accompany his father to take up his post again. After returning to Shaoxing, he wrote down "the island is slightly vast and the sea is twilight, the peach blossoms are full of Wuling Spring", "the amorous love Cangzhou companion, the day and day call to the fishing boat", and want to live the life of the idle cloud wild crane.
The Jiajing Emperor in film and television drama works.
In 1527, at the age of 56, Wang Yangming left Hangzhou and left Zhejiang, without returning
Wang Yangming returned to his hometown, and after a year his father died. After five years, rebellions broke out in Guangxi and Guangdong, and the original officials were unable to solve them, and the Jiajing Emperor remembered Wang Yangming.
Wang Yangming was in Hangzhou at that time, and Zhang Han and other young people came to ask for advice. Wang Yangming played in Wushan, Yueyan in Phoenix Mountain and other places. After receiving the appointment, Wang Yangming, 56, immediately went to Guangxi. Qian Dehong and other students sent him all the way to Fuyang Diaoyutai, where he once again expounded the essence of his doctrine.
This was the last side of these disciples, after going to Guangxi to quell the rebellion, a year later Wang Yangming's class returned to the dynasty, on the way to the lung disease worsened, died of illness in a boat in Jiangxi, leaving a eight-character last word: This heart is bright, and what words are repeated!
Wang Shouren (王守仁), courtesy name Bo'an, was a native of Yuyao County, Shaoxing Province, Zhejiang (present-day Yuyao, Ningbo). Throughout his life, he made meritorious achievements and meritorious service, and was promoted to the Shangshu of the Nanjing Bingbu, and was knighted as a new bo, and later posthumously awarded the marquis. At the same time, he was the master of Lu Wang's xinxue, known as "Mr. Yang Ming", and had an important and far-reaching influence on China, Japan, and the Korean Peninsula.
Wang Yangming's family is in Shaoxing and has come to live in Hangzhou many times. From studying at the Jingci Temple in his youth to prepare for the exam; to hiding from the official scene in the capital in middle age; to leaving Hangzhou for the battlefield in his later years, he never returned. Wang Yangming's life, the brilliant starting point and the end, are all in Hangzhou. (The picture is from the title page of "Wang Yang's Genealogy For Next Year")
The poem "Returning to Shanghang" was written after the rebellion of King Ning of Dingning. It is now in the collection of the Shanghai Museum.
【Interpretation】 Shancheng was stationed in Jingge through the moon, and also found Xueluo. Nanguo has looked back at the koma, and Dongtianchu is happy to be a farmer. The stream clouds are dawning on a thousand peaks and rain, and the river is rising and springing and deep on both sides of the wave. Twilight leans on the seven stars to look at the north pole, and there is no mercy to the greenery late. After the rain passed through nanquan'an, Liang Junbo came with wine, and the impromptu book was recorded. Shou Ren dun head.