Wang Yangming
In ancient times, saints had three criteria: meritorious service, virtue, and speech, and these three immortals, and the unity of the three was called "saint".
What is meritorious service?
Those who have made great contributions to the society and the country and the people, Da Yu Zhishui, Wei Huo who attacked the Xiongnu in the north, and Yue Fei, a famous general who resisted the Jin, can all be called "meritorious service".
What is Lide?
It can establish a moral code for the world, a moral benchmark, the way of The Great Avenue of Kong Meng, the wisdom of benevolence, righteousness, and wisdom, as small as Kong Rong let the pear can be called "Lide".
What is a statement?
Writing books and saying that the establishment of their own schools, such as the Hundred Schools of Thought, Kong Meng, and Lao Zhuang in the Spring and Autumn Period, can be called "Li Yan".
It is not easy for the three immortals to achieve one of them, and Wang Yangming, in his lifetime, has achieved the three immortals of meritorious service.
Wang Yangming (or Wang Shouren) was the founder, thinker, writer, philosopher, military scholar, and official of the Ming Dynasty, shangshu of the Bingbu, and Wen Chenggong.
In the Ming Dynasty, there were three talents of Yang Shen, Xie Jin and Xu Wei, there was Yu Qian, who could bury the West Lake with Yue Fei, and the general of the building, and Zhang Juzheng, who could be a reformer of the Ming Dynasty for fifty years, the stars were brilliant, but no one could cover the light of Wang Yangming, the last saint of China's feudal era.
Let's see how the last saint spent his life.
make contributions
Wang Yangming was born in a good family, his father was a champion, and he was an official in Nanjing. Therefore, it provides him with a good learning environment and family education. Wang Yangming was sensitive and studious since he was a child, and he especially loved the art of war, and after the failure of the first imperial examination, he liked to study the art of war of all generations, laying a solid theoretical foundation for him to quell chaos and suppress bandits in the future.
At the age of twenty-eight, he entered the official field, mixed with the DPRK for several years, bluntly said and degraded, although he was once appreciated, he also offended people. In the past few years, his career as an official eunuch has made him understand how to be an official.
In 1516, Wang Yangming was ordered to patrol Jiangxi, and the local bandits were seriously plagued and the officials and bandits colluded, so all the inspectors did not solve this problem, and the imperial court was powerless.
Until Wang Yangming came, he saw the key to the bandits: it was to eliminate the dependence of the bandits and cut off the current situation of collusion between officials and bandits, and those bandits did not have the background of the official family, and naturally they could be eliminated. So Wang Yangming designed to pretend to start a war, seized the opportunity to seize those officials who reported to the bandits, grasped the bandits' movements, and violently sent troops to wipe out the bandits.
Since then, it has been plagued by bandits in Jiangxi for many years, because the arrival of this person has been completely calmed.
Quelling the bandits is not enough to praise for "meritorious service", and the following incident has made him famous in the world.
In 1519, Zhu Chenhao, the King of Ning, launched a rebellion in Nanchang, and Wang Yangming happened to be in Jiangxi at that time, but at that time he had no military power in his hands and no generals to use.
The world rises and falls, and the pirate is responsible.
Wang Yangming, while recruiting soldiers and generals, Zhang Bang begged the thief for a letter, while announcing to the outside world that he had 80,000 troops in his hands, and the imperial court had sent 80,000 reinforcements, a total of 160,000 people vowed to quell the rebellion, eliminate the king of Ning, and intend to drag the king of Ning and buy enough time for the imperial court to send troops.
What a clever trick!
When King Ning heard this news, he immediately became suspicious and chose to move according to the soldiers. After more than ten days, after knowing the plan, he immediately sent troops to capture Jiujiang and Nankang, and the next step was to approach Anqing and Nanjing. Wang Yangming immediately dispatched a "temporary miscellaneous army" recruited in the past ten days to fight.
At that time, everyone thought that Wang Yangming would lead his troops to save Anqing and protect Nanjing. Because Nanjing was the capital of the Ming Dynasty at that time, its political significance was very important and could not be lost. However, Wang Yangming did the opposite, implementing the strategy of "encircling Wei and saving Zhao", turning around and directly attacking Nanchang, the old lair of the King of Ning, and the King of Ning had to turn back to the rescue.
The two sides fought a great battle at Poyang Lake, wang Yangming personally commanded the battle, exerted extremely strong military talents, won more with less, defeated the strong with the weak, and captured the king of Ning!
From the rebellion of King Ning to the defeat and capture, from the lack of soldiers to the suppression of the rebellion, it took only forty-three days (one says thirty-five days). This record is shocking, the government and the opposition are shocked, and the world is shocked!
Wang Yangming was therefore extremely prestigious, and later served as a Shangshu of the Yipin Army, becoming the commander-in-chief of the world's soldiers and horses!
This merit is worthy of the title of "meritorious service" of the three immortals.
Second, Lide
In 1506, due to Wang Yangming's blunt words, he offended liu Jin, a powerful eunuch in the imperial court, and was demoted to the position of eunuch.
At that time, it was a poor place where birds did not, chickens did not lay eggs, and even the imperial court did not want to take care of this place, almost did not send officials, and let it fend for itself. However, Wang Yangming managed it.
Here, Wang Yangming taught the locals to read and hyphenate, educate the people, spread Confucian culture, and pass on correct moral standards. Let the local people get rid of the primitive way of life, do not steal, do not rob, do not be arbitrary, and live and work in peace and contentment.
In the past two years of Longchang's degraded career, he has actively explored the truth, combined with many years of life experience, the ups and downs of the officialdom, and the nature of society that has been seen clearly through the coexistence of the low-level people, thus a new learning of Confucianism has been born.
"Psychology"
He put forward the ideas of "to conscience" and "unity of knowledge and action", which means that we must understand the world according to our own hearts, understand the "reason" of the world, and combine "knowledge" with "action", strictly govern and regulate ourselves. This set of theories not only educated the locals, but also later educated the vast number of intellectuals who were familiar with the Confucian classics, from the officials down to the people, to wang Yangming's disciples, to learn new ideas, and to fulfill new moral standards and beliefs in life. A "heart learning fever" gradually emerged in society, becoming the mainstream idea in society in the middle and late Ming Dynasty!
"Virtue" does not only refer to the "morality" of the void, it should also refer to the "virtue" and "integrity" in practical action. Throughout Wang Yangming's life, his virtue and his ethics are already worthy of the four words of "unity of knowledge and action", and he is also worthy of the word "Lide"!
Third, make a statement
Speakers, doctrines also. Throughout the ages, all the great sages have their own writings so that their own ideological doctrines can be passed on through the ages, such as the Confucian "Analects", which once had the saying that "half of the Analects rule the world"; and then, such as the Taoist "Tao Te Ching", the principles of all things under the heavens can be dissected in the "Tao, the Extraordinary Tao"; the Fa, bing, and Mo families also have their own works circulated. Although Wang Yangming's lifelong thoughts as "everyone of the mind study" can be summarized as "to conscience" and "unity of knowledge and action", there are also "Records of Transmission" and "University Questions", which have been passed down from generation to generation, and these books, like the "Analects", record Wang Yangming's words and deeds, expound the philosophical ideas he has understood, govern the world and other principles, and are regarded as classics by the "Wang Xue" disciples.
After most of his life as an official, the elderly Wang Yangming seemed to be a wise man, who resigned his official post and returned to his hometown and collected disciples in a big way, hoping to pass on what he had learned and learned in his life to future generations. Famous "Wang Xue" disciples include Xu Jie, the first assistant of the dynasty, Huang Zongxi, who is "the lord of the world and the king is the guest", Zhang Juzheng, a famous minister of Zhongxing, Heihachiro Dongxiang, the Japanese god of war who "bows down to YangMing", and even Chiang Kai-shek, a figure of modern prominence, also has great respect for Wang Yangming.
After his death, his descendants even divided his doctrine into several schools, the famous ones are the "Taizhou School", the "New Heart School", the "Lizhou School"... Since then, "mind learning" has spread throughout China and even Japan and Southeast Asia.
Wang Yangming is a model.
In 1529, Wang Yangming died of illness in Jiangxi, and the disciple asked him his last words, answering that "this heart is bright, and what words are repeated." Looking back on his life, meritorious service and moral speech, all three, for such a "saint"-like legendary figure, I am not qualified to evaluate him, I can only say that knowledge and action are one, and the merit is in the thousands of autumns.