In Chinese history, the governor and the governor were two relatively young official positions, which were gradually formed after the middle of the Ming Dynasty. However, in terms of fame, they are the same as Shangshu and University Scholars, two official names that are often mentioned, and they are known as feudal officials.
The author of the article about the governor has published a lot, many fans and friends are also more interested in this, this time to talk to you about a little bit of relatively unpopular knowledge, specifically about the Qing Dynasty governor part-time content.
In the Qing Dynasty, senior Beijing officials generally had part-time jobs, and also formed a set of conventional officialdom systems. For example, university scholars, military aircraft ministers, generally have part-time jobs, if it is a flag person, generally concurrently with the minister of internal affairs, the eight flags of the capital, Shangshu, Shilang, the minister in charge of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, most of them; if it is a Hanchen, it is generally a concurrent Shangshu, a waiter, and a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, etc., which is not involved in the eight flags government affairs.
In the history of the Qing Dynasty, the most part-time position was Hezhen, and there were more than ten important positions in the heyday. In addition, some of the official positions in Beijing are routinely part-time, such as the cabinet bachelor and the ceremonial attendant, but this situation is rare, only a minority. The main purpose of the part-time position of senior Beijing official is to strengthen its authority and achieve the purpose of matching the name and reality.
Compared with the Beijing officials, there are not many local officials who hold part-time positions, only the governor and the inspector have a part-time job, and the following envoys, envoys, Taoists, prefects, prefectures, and counties often have only one official position.
The part-time of the Governor-General is specifically divided into three situations, each of which has a different meaning.
The first is the customary part-time job
According to the Qing system, since the Yongzheng Dynasty, the governor of the provinces has also been the title of Bingbu Shangshu and the Right Governor of the Metropolitan Inspection Bureau; the Inspector Ofe and the Deputy Right Right Capital of the Imperial History of the Military Department (the situation of the Inspector is not introduced much), and this kind of part-time job is very familiar to everyone, and the first rank of the Military Department Shangshu is to improve its rank and give the control of limited military power and control the subordinate military officers.
The governor belonged to the zhengerpin according to the rank, and was at the same level as the various ministries, but when he also took the title of bingbu shangshu, he became a member of the yipin and directly stepped into the ranks of the yipin chieftain. In fact, the title of Bingbu Shangshu is greater than the actual, let alone the governor of the provinces, that is, the Bingbu Shangshu of the Eight Classics of Zheng'er, and he does not have much power in his hands, and he is not the same as the official department, the household department, and the ceremonial department.
The right imperial history of the Metropolitan Inspection Bureau, its rank is also from the first product and the left capital imperial history level. This position was specially tailored for the governor, and there was no post of Right Governor Yushi in the capital.
Compared with the Bingbu Shangshu, the concurrent title of the Right Capital Imperial History has a certain practicality, because only the governor who is also the Right Capital Imperial History title has the function of supervising the subordinate hundred officials from the legal level, compared with the poor military power of the Bingbu Shangshu, the Right Capital Imperial History is real, because with the power of supervision, it invisibly increases the power of the governor and can effectively deter subordinate officials.
The second type is a fellow of the Imperial Household
Cabinet University Fellows are Masaichipin and are the highest rank of civil servants. Since Qianlong, a system of three halls and three cabinets has been formed, but in fact, the cabinet university scholars are usually not full, at most there are only five people, and in most cases there are only three or four people, so the cabinet university scholars are extremely honorable, that is, many military ministers often do not rank among the university scholars.
The situation of the governor and university scholar is rare, at least there is no such precedent before Yongzheng. This is not surprising, because from the perspective of rank, the governor is one level lower than the six Shangshu, and if the university scholar is vacant, it is generally replaced by the assistant university scholar and the Shangshu, and the governor cannot be rotated. Moreover, if the governor was also a scholar, he was easily jealous of his colleagues, resulting in an imbalance in the official form, which the emperor did not want to see.
After the Yongzheng Dynasty, there began to be a situation of governors and university scholars, such as the governor of Ortai and Yungui and the cabinet of university scholars. This was because Yongzheng was too fond of Ortai and called him a "model of supervision", but Ortai did have many political achievements, and was later transferred to the capital as the chief military minister.
During the Qianlong period, the situation of the governor and university scholar was not an example, for example, Fu Kang'an was the governor of Yungui and a university scholar, but Fu Kang'an belonged to the imperial relatives and was very favored by Qianlong, and he also made a lot of merit in previous conquests, and he ranked among the center with military merit. There was also Yin Jishan, the governor of Liangjiang, who also served as a university scholar.
From the Yongzheng Dynasty to the Xianfeng Dynasty, the situation of governors and university scholars was more common, but there was a basic principle, that is, the privileges of the flag people, and there was no such precedent among the Han courtiers.
After the Tongzhi Dynasty, the situation changed, and Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang, and Li Hongzhang all served as viceroys as university scholars, which was not unrelated to the importance of the central government in the late Qing Dynasty, and the Han governors held real power. However, these Han governors also served as university scholars, most of them gave a title, which had no practical significance, and they would not go to the cabinet as an errand boy.
The third is the Governor-General and Minister of War
This situation is relatively rare, and the military minister and the university cadet are completely different in nature. The Minister of Military Aircraft did not have a specific rank, but he had great power and was a real officer under the eyes of the emperor. It is difficult to establish the practice of being a governor and minister of military aircraft, and if you are a military aircraft minister, you cannot be a governor, and if you are a governor, you cannot be a military aircraft minister, and you cannot take care of both.
In the Qing Dynasty, only a few people, such as Ortai and Fukang'an, were the governors and military ministers. This part-time position could reveal an important message to the civil and military officials, that is, the emperor was extremely fond of them, and would soon be transferred to the Military Aircraft Department, and the governor was just a transitional job.
The honor of the governor concurrently serving as minister of military aircraft could not be enjoyed by the hanchen. After Zuo Zongtang regained Xinjiang, he was transferred by Empress Dowager Cixi to the capital as a military minister for several months, but at the same time removed him from the post of governor of Shaanxi and Gansu. Li Hongzhang was more favored than Zuo Zongtang, but Cixi did not let him concurrently serve as military chancellor.
Judging from the above three types of part-time jobs, the viceroy and military department Shangshu and the right capital Imperial History are the needs of the work, and the university scholar is the emperor's extra favor, and only the military minister is really linked to power.