Prosperity and prosperity are the lifelong dreams of most people, except for a very small number of people who have reached the end of their lives at birth.
The easiest way to achieve prosperity is to study, pass level-by-level exams, and then look for a well-paying job.
In ancient times, the easiest way for people to improve their living conditions was to study, then take the imperial examination, and if they successfully passed the entrance examination, they could enter the dynasty as an official.
Many people stay in the official field for many years before they are promoted, and promotion is also the reason for everyone to become an official, and being an official can not only improve their own lives, but also allow themselves to grasp power.
But promotion is very difficult for many officials, unless you are highly talented by the emperor or have stayed in a post for a long time, you may be promoted.
Next, we will mainly introduce the official system and promotion of the Qing Dynasty, because if you want to be promoted from a product to a positive product in the Qing Dynasty, you not only need talent but also live a long life.
The official system of the Qing Dynasty
The official system of Qing dynasty officials mainly inherited the traditions of the Ming Dynasty and adopted the same cabinet system as the Ming Dynasty.
The cabinet of the Qing Dynasty was divided into three chambers, namely the Hongwen Academy, the National History Academy, and the Secretariat Academy, and the three chambers were commanded by three university scholars.
During the Qing Dynasty, there were usually four university scholars, but the emperors may have been different, and the number of university scholars at most may be six, such as in the Yongzheng period.
These scholars are usually named after the Three Halls and Three Pavilions, such as the Qianlong Period, which were called Boholdian University Scholars, Wenhuadian University Scholars, Wuyingdian University Scholars, and the Three Pavilions were Wenyuange University Scholars, Dongge University Scholars, and Tiren Pavilion University Scholars.
The official positions of these university scholars are all Zhengyipin, and the official positions of the Qing Dynasty are divided into nine products, but each product is divided into two categories, positive and subordinate, which can be summarized as the nine pins and eighteen systems, and the officials from the nine pins are also the lowest rank and the least powerful.
Moreover, the number of officials who go up is getting smaller and smaller, and becoming a zhengyipin is the dream of many officials for a lifetime, but very few people have achieved this goal.
During the Qing Dynasty, there were also six departments, namely the Official Department, the Household Department, the Ceremonial Department, the Military Department, the Punishment Department and the Ministry of Works, which were not different in administrative level and had equal status.
However, there is a big difference in administrative power, and the specific order is also arranged in the above order.
Usually the official has the greatest power, and the official Shangshu is also the first of the six Shangshu, and usually one attendant of the official department can be equivalent to the other five Shangshu.
If an official is transferred from the Ministry of Works to the Official, it seems to be a level adjustment, but in fact it is a promotion, and if the official Shangshu is transferred to another department to serve as Shangshu, it is equivalent to demotion, and there must be negligence in the work or offending the emperor.
The Qing Dynasty differed from the Ming Dynasty in that the Manchu and Han Shangshu were set up in the six Shangshu, so that the total number of the six Shangshu reached twelve.
Together with the two Imperial Historians of the Metropolitan Temple and the two Assisting University Scholars, a total of sixteen people constituted the existence of Ichipin.
If an official wants to become an official of Zhengyipin, he first needs to meet the qualifications for promotion from Yipin.
Proportionally, four out of sixteen people can be promoted to Zhengyipin, and the probability is not low, but in fact, Qing officials often need to spend decades, why is this?
The difficult road from one product to one product
From the perspective of Yipin, it has become the highest-level official of a country and the most core existence of the national leadership.
However, it has reached the level of one product, and it is really impossible to say if you do not compete for a positive product.
In the Qing Dynasty, if you were not an imperial prince and nobleman, it would be extremely difficult to become an official of Zhengyipin in a very short period of time, especially for many Han courtiers.
This was the case with Liu Yong, a famous Han chancellor during the Qing Dynasty, who was an official during the Qianlong period, who was thirty-two years old when he was admitted to the imperial examination, and only became the Zuo Du Yushi of Yipin at the age of fifty-eight, and after another sixteen years, he was already seventy-four years old before he became a member of Zheng Yipin's Body Renge University.
This is enough to see how difficult it was for a Hanchen to be promoted to an official during the Qing Dynasty, and for Hanchen, if he wanted to become an official of Zhengyipin, he must first become an assistant university scholar, because the assistant university scholar had priority when promoting ZhengYipin.
If you are the Shangshu of the Ministry of Works and the Ministry of Soldiers, and you are also a Hanchen, it can be said that you want to be promoted to ZhengYipin within ten years, unless all the officials in front of you are killed overnight.
Qing Dynasty promotion requirements
In the Qing Dynasty, it was not a person with outstanding talent and great contributions who could become a Zhengyipin official in a short period of time, and many people needed to race against time.
Because if an official successfully reaches Zhengyipin, unless he makes a particularly serious mistake, such as forming a party for personal gain and deliberately plotting rebellion, he will be dismissed or demoted, and the vast majority of zhengyipin officials will stay in their posts until retirement or death.
If the physical condition of these Zhengyipin officials is very good, there will be no vacancies in the positions of Zhengyipin, and the officials below will not be promoted upwards.
Therefore, if you want to become an official of Zhengyipin, you also need to have a good body to ensure that you live long enough.
According to incomplete statistics, the average age of people who were admitted to the Jinshi in the Qing Dynasty was 34 years old, and the average age of the six Shangshu was also over fifty years old, not to mention the Zhengyipin officials, I am afraid that many people could not achieve this goal until they were sixty or seventy years old.
However, if you are an imperial nobleman, you will enjoy special promotion benefits, such as the famous corrupt official He Yan, who has become a scholar of The Mandarin Temple at the age of thirty-six, and even once held the position of Shangshu of the three departments of the official department, the household department, and the punishment department.
In addition, officials pay great attention to generation and reputation, and often a person's origin, qualifications and contributions will become one of the criteria for promotion.
This is very unfair to many Han People from cold doors, but what is absolutely fair in the feudal period?
epilogue
Although it was very difficult to promote from Yipin to Zhengyipin in the Qing Dynasty, which was also somewhat unfair to the Han people, the emergence of the imperial examination system provided the opportunity for Han Menshizi to become an official.
Because before the Two Jin Dynasties, most of the officials were held by the imperial family and nobles, and even if the Han disciples entered the dynasty as officials, they would be discriminated against by the rest.
It was precisely because of the emergence of the imperial examination system that the completely tilted balance showed a tendency to balance, and this situation was completely restored with the end of the feudal dynasty.
Although many people in today's society no longer regard being an official as the only ideal, whether it is work or becoming an official, they need to go through the process of reading, which is the product of the emergence of the examination system.