The Qing Dynasty had a complete system for the promotion of officials, and once the post was vacant, there would be corresponding officials entering the selection process of the official department, such as the vacancy of the prefect, the direct subordinate to the prefecture zhizhou, the first order among the various ministries, in addition to the imperial history, the prefectural tongzhi and other officials, but it is difficult for these people to really teach.
Generally speaking, the promotion of officials in the Qing Dynasty should follow the basic principle of step-by-step, and there is rarely a phenomenon of indiscriminate mention and random mention. In order to better illustrate the problem, here is to take the first and second pin officials as an example, and specifically list a detailed list for reference.
If there is a vacancy of Zhengyipin University scholars, for example, they are supplemented by the co-sponsoring university scholars, Shangshu, and Zuo Du Yushi; from the yipin Shangshu and Zuodu Yushi are vacant, Shilang is the first order, followed by the Cabinet Bachelor, Left Vice Capital Yushi, Tongzheng Envoy, Dali Temple Secretary, and Zhan Shi; the Governor is supplemented by Shilang and Inspector Fu;
For example, the cabinet bachelor, the left vice capital yushi, the zongrenfu cheng, the tongzheng envoy, the dali temple secretary, and the zhan shi, in addition to the Taichang temple secretary, the Shuntianfu Yin, the Fengtianfu Yin, the Guanglu temple secretary, and the Hanlin academy attendant bachelor are in the second order; the missing inspector of the zhengerpin is supplemented by the cabinet bachelor, the left vice capital imperial history, the fu yin, and the envoy of the government.
From the beginning of the university of Zhengyipin to the Zhixian of Zhengqipin, there are specific regulations, and the promotion route of officials can be seated in the right number, which is not an example here.
In the Qing Dynasty, there was only one exception for official positions, and there was no fixed promotion route, that is, the governors of the provinces. Judging from the relevant literature, the promotion of the governor is relatively chaotic, so if the governor is promoted, what positions will he generally hold?
A governor with outstanding political achievements
There were eight former governors of Guangxu, in order of ranking:
Zhili, Liangjiang, Shaanxi-Gansu, Yungui, Huguang, Sichuan, Fujian-Zhejiang, Liangguang
。 Although the governor is a feudal official and belongs to the system of local officials, his establishment is relatively vague, and he can also be regarded as a Beijing official.
Because from the perspective of the appraisal system, the governor's appraisal belongs to the Jingcha (Jingguan appraisal method) rather than the grand plan (the appraisal method of local officials), and the seal letter used is called "Guanfang", which is more or less of a bit of a chin-picking nature.
Among the eight viceroys, Zhili and Liangjiang belonged to the high company, and were generally transferred by the governors of other provinces, or the attendants in Beijing and the generals stationed in the Eight Banners were transferred, and few inspectors were directly promoted. In addition, because of its important geographical location, the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu also had high conditions for his appointment, and daoguang's previous post was a special shortage of flag people, and many of them were from the Eight Banners military attaché.
As for the other governors, if their outstanding political achievements in The Jingcha meet the conditions for promotion, they will be transferred to a province with heavier responsibilities as the governor, such as the governor of Huguang or the direct subordinate. If the direct subordinate and the two rivers and the second governor are promoted, under normal circumstances, they will increase the bachelor's ranks and remain in their original positions and rank among the positive ones.
The Emperor's cronies were born into the nobility
This situation is mainly aimed at the flag people, who all have one thing in common - military merit. Before Daoguang, most of the governors of the provinces were selected among these people, and someone in the Qianlong Dynasty said: If Han Chen became a local official, the envoys were already a ceiling. This sentence is basically in line with the truth.
The governor appointed by the Military Attache of the Eight Banners has more room for promotion and more posts to choose from. He can be transferred to the capital as a university scholar or a military aircraft department, and those born in the Three Banners can also serve as the minister of the inner guard and the minister of the imperial court, and can also be transferred to some important local military positions, such as general Ili and general Shengjing.
The governors of the flag people who were born into the nobility and were favored by the emperor were often the commanders of the state's military forces. For example, Fu Kang'an of the Qianlong Dynasty is a typical example, he served as the governor of Yungui, the governor of Sichuan, the governor of Huguang, and at the same time he was the main general of the front. After achieving military merit, the emperor would also be given some high-ranking titles such as dukes and marquises, and in peacetime, he would hold important positions in the capital.
There are also some flag governors who are more adept at civil rule, and they are basically promoted to civilian officials such as university cadets and military ministers. For example, The Governor of Yungui in the Yongzheng Dynasty, Ortai, was recalled to the capital to serve as the chief military aircraft minister because of his meritorious efforts in carrying out land reform, and Yin Jishan, the governor of Liangjiang in the Qianlong Dynasty, was promoted to the post of chief military aircraft minister because of his years of sealing the territory and his hard work.
Those with deeper political performance
This type of governor accounts for more than half of them, their promotion space is very small, if the overall view is still competent, the emperor will still stay in the governorship for many years of service, but the position is in some less important provinces.
There are also some elderly people who can no longer be qualified as governors, and can only be transferred to the capital to serve, usually in various ministries, rather than in the military aircraft department and cabinet, to put it bluntly, waiting for retirement. Then the Governor's Transfer Shangshu is not a promotion, in fact, it is also calculated.
Many people have the impression that the viceroy of the Qing Dynasty was already at the same level as Yipin and Shangshu, and the governor's transfer of Shangshu could only be a flat transfer rather than a promotion. This understanding is inaccurate, in the official historical data, the rank of the governor is positioned as "plus a pin title", and there is still a slight difference between the title and the actual title, which is the same as the current vice ministerial level enjoying the treatment of the main minister.
But then again, the governor of the Qing Dynasty was actually more valued by the emperor than the various Shangshu, and if the governor transferred shangshu in the eyes of the people at the time, he was really not promoted, only if he was promoted to a university scholar or entered the military aircraft department with a certain Shangshu, it was a real promotion.
After the outbreak of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the local governors headed by Zeng Guofan held military, financial, and personnel powers, and during this period, the governors preferred to be kings in the local areas rather than go to the capital to become a university scholar or military minister with an empty name.