The ancient official system was different from dynasty to dynasty, such as the post of governor.
The official position of viceroy originated in the Ming Dynasty, and before the Ming Dynasty there was no position of viceroy.
During the Ming Dynasty, in order to quell the rebellion, Emperor Ming appointed Shangshu of the then Bingbu as the viceroy, which was the first time in history that the post of viceroy was established.
Since then, the Qing Dynasty has followed many Ming dynasty practices after entering the customs, including the establishment of the post of governor, it is worth mentioning that the governors of the Ming and Qing dynasties have differences.
1. The office of Governor
During the Ming Dynasty, because of the frequent movement of troops, the emperor began to appoint ministers as viceroys to lead the troops, but this was a temporary appointment, and when the matter was over, the post of governor would be revoked.
At that time, most of the officials who were made governors were in high positions, and the appointment of governor represented the emperor's approval of them.
In general, the governor was an official position of no rank, but the appointees had the right to act on behalf of the emperor.
During the Qing Dynasty, the governor became a formal official position, a senior officer in charge of one province or two or three provinces.
Although the viceroy of the Qing Dynasty was a fixed position, it was inferior to the viceroy of the Ming Dynasty in terms of power, and its status was not as noble as that of the Ming Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, to become a governor was to be a high-ranking official of the imperial history level, and to be reused by the emperor, he was personally dispatched as a viceroy, equivalent to a Chincha minister who traveled on the emperor's orders.
In contrast, in the Qing Dynasty, the governor was just an ordinary high-ranking official.
In addition, the viceroy of the Ming Dynasty can concurrently hold as many as six or seven places, while the Qing Dynasty can concurrently hold up to two places, and it is no exaggeration to say that the governor of the Qing Dynasty is far less glorious than the Ming Dynasty.
Hearing this, some people may say, "No matter what, the good guys are also officials." ”
This is also true, so do you know where the Nine Governors went after the fall of the Qing Dynasty?
II. The Ninth Governor
During the Qing Dynasty, a total of nine governors were established, and the nine regions divided by the Qing Dynasty were very powerful, and later emperors also took charge of this region.
These governors were in charge of military and political affairs in various places, and could write letters directly to the emperor without the need to report them layer by layer.
In order to restrain the rights of the governor, the Qing Dynasty also set up an inspector to govern the local area together with the governor, and the governor and the governor's rating also had the right to directly write a letter, and for their own rights, the governor and the governor generally competed secretly, which greatly reduced the possibility of the governor becoming the emperor of the earth.
The highest status among the nine viceroys is the governor of the three eastern provinces, because the eastern three provinces are the birthplace of the Qing Dynasty, and the governor of the ancestral land is of course a high-powered position, and was called general Shengjing at the earliest time.
Under it was the viceroy who was directly subordinate to him, and the most powerful were the governors, because Beijing and Tianjin were under his administration, and Beijing was the residence of the emperor of the country, Kyoto.
However, the richest one is the Governor of Liangjiang.
Liangjiang is in charge of Jiangnan, which has the title of the land of fish and rice, is one of the main areas for grain production, and it is also a very important tax to pay taxes, and the income of the salt tax is very impressive, so the emperor has always relied heavily on the governor of Liangguang, who calls people the "money bag" of the imperial court?
Of course, all this scenery disappeared after the qing dynasty.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial court was surrounded by foreign enemies, and after the Eight-Nation Alliance attacked Beijing, it was no different from the fall of the country, the Qing Dynasty was crumbling, the Nine Governors had long since lost their former glory, and the governors after the fall of the Qing Dynasty made different choices.
3. The Choice of the Governor
In the late Qing Dynasty, the wind and rain were shaky, and the situation of internal and external troubles was already powerless to return to heaven.
As members of the party, they who once had high authorities and stomped on their jurisdictions and trembled three times, now they are powerless in the face of the torrent of history, they can only watch China move towards another era, and they are left in place.
Zhang Zhenfang, who was the governor of zhizhi at the time, chose Yuan Shikai, who established the Republic of China, and the two people were more related to each other, and zhang Zhenfang naturally succeeded in taking this boat.
After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, he still served as the governor of Henan.
Zhang Xun, the governor of Liangjiang, presided over the restoration and was made a minister of parliament, and later returned to his hometown after the restoration and bankruptcy, and died of illness at the age of 70.
Zhao Erxun, the governor of the three eastern provinces, was a disciple of the Eight Banners and a staunch supporter of the Qing Dynasty.
After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, it also tried to stop the revolution, and later gave up politics to concentrate on the revision of the "History of the Qing Dynasty" at home, and ended in high years.
The governor of Sichuan, Zhao Erfeng, was his younger brother, and his choice did not bring good results to himself compared to his brother.
After the Wuchang Uprising, Sichuan declared its independence, he was ousted as governor, and then he was bent on retaking Sichuan, secretly plotting a mutiny and being arrested, and was soon executed in Chengdu, before his death, before the qing dynasty was officially destroyed.
Song Shou, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, faced a situation similar to that of Zhao Erfeng.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, revolutionary forces appeared in various places to break away from the imperial court, the revolutionary parties in fujian were ready to launch an uprising, Song Shou refused to hand over the power in his hands, even if the Qing army was defeated in the war with the revolutionary party, he would never surrender, he chose to swallow gold and commit suicide as the Qing Dynasty's "festival keeper".
These governors either chose to avoid the world or chose to continue to protect the Qing, but zhang Mingqi, the governor of Liangguang, fled to Japan when the Qing Dynasty fell, and later openly expressed his support for Japan, and was even entrusted with heavy responsibilities by the Japanese.
Once the pillars of the country became traitors to the country, and Zhang Mingqi fell ill and died at home in the year of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan.
The governor of Yungui, Li Jingxi, went along with the trend and did not argue with the revolutionary party, and they sent him out of Yunnan, and during the Beiyang government, he became the premier of the state, but unfortunately he died of illness shortly after less than a week in office.
The governor of Huguang, Rui Cheng, was born in manchuria with the Yellow Banner and was born as a serious flag man.
The revolutionaries were hunted down and killed in his jurisdiction, and because of his tight steps, the Wuchang Uprising broke out, and he fled to Japan in a hurry, and died of illness at home after returning to China after the fall of the Qing Dynasty.
The governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, Chang Geng, did not fight against the revolutionary party, and upon hearing of Xuantong's abdication, he handed over the governor Yin Shuang happily, and then drifted away, dying of illness at the age of 71.
summary
The nine governors were all born in a troubled world, and the allegiance to the court was in front of them, and they made their own choices.
At that time, the situation was complicated and chaotic, because of the influence of the governor in the local area, the major forces wanted to use them, so they chose to win them over rather than kill them all, and the governors did not have to worry about their lives.
As the courtiers of the former dynasty, the outcomes of several governors were very similar, except for the suicide of the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, the governor of Sichuan was executed, and the other governors died of illness and died of illness.