The Ming Dynasty began to set up a supervision system, responsible for local military and political affairs, but the Ming Dynasty's supervisors were often set up according to events (such as local emergencies), and when things were resolved, they were abolished or transferred to other places for other purposes, with the nature of temporary dispatch. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing court basically inherited the Ming Dynasty's supervision system, and the nature of the temporary dispatch of supervisors remained unchanged.
In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the governor became a fixed official position. The Qing court generally set up a viceroy in two provinces, such as the viceroy of Liangguang and the viceroy of Yungui. Of course, there are also special columns, such as the place of Sichuan Province, which has the post of Governor of Sichuan. Another example is the governor of Liangjiang, who ruled the three southeastern provinces.
Because of the high position and great power of the governor, the Qing court was also cautious in the selection of governors in various places. Although the actual jurisdiction varies, the local governors are generally of the same rank. However, because of the differences in military and economic importance in different places, at the practical level, the governors of various places have differences in power and prestige. For example, in addition to being responsible for the military and political affairs of the province, the governor of Gyeonggi is also responsible for safeguarding the security and stability of Gyeonggi within the jurisdiction, so his authority is higher than that of the general governor.
The three provinces under the jurisdiction of the Viceroy of Liangjiang, in addition to being the most important grain-producing area in the country, were also the financial and taxation power of the Qing court, so the Viceroy of Liangjiang naturally rose in the water, and its actual power and prestige were also higher than those of the general governor. In addition, in the late Qing Dynasty, the viceroys directly subordinate to the viceroy and the viceroy of Liangjiang often held additional important posts in the imperial court, and the actual power was further improved. For example, after Li Hongzhang served as the governor directly under him, he also concurrently served as the minister of trade and commerce in Beiyang, and his power was invaded for a while.
In addition to the permanent eight local governors, the Qing court sometimes had a governor of caoyun who was full-time, as well as a governor of canal embankments, dredging, and the Yellow River.
In the Ming Dynasty, the inspector was not a simple civilian position, and was generally temporarily dispatched by the imperial court in the event of military affairs, with the characteristics of a military attaché. Beginning with the Qianlong Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, inspectors were set up according to the provinces, and generally each province was set up with one inspector.
The rank of viceroy is Zheng Erpin and the rank of inspector is Congerpin, but the Qing court inherited the old system that the viceroy and inspector of the Ming Dynasty generally served as ministers of the ministry, so in fact, the rank of viceroy was generally congyipin, and the rank of inspector was generally zhengerpin. It is worth noting that although the rank and authority of the governor are greater than those of the governor, this does not mean that the governor is the direct leader of the inspector, and the governor only has the right to "moderation" over the inspector, and the two do not form a superior-subordinate relationship.
Therefore, in the case of the governor stationed in the same city (such as the governor of Huguang and the governor of Hubei are stationed in Wuchang), the two are often prone to discord due to the interaction of authority, affecting local stability.
Generally speaking, the governor is in charge of local military affairs and the prime minister is in charge of local administration, but in addition to the rare border territorial disputes and ethnic minority rebellions in the Qing dynasty, in fact, most of the time it is still in a peaceful state of political stability and the people living and working in peace and contentment, so in fact the governor does not have any urgent "military affairs" to manage.
If the governor and the inspector are not in the same place, the functions and powers of the two are easily staggered, but they are afraid of the situation of the governor in the same city. Without military affairs, if the governor is stronger, he will bring the authority that originally belonged to the inspector into his own hands.
However, although the governor has the power to "temperate" the governor, this pseudo-power is only in vain the right to suggest and guide. In the face of the governor's unreasonable interference in his own authority, although the inspector is not easy to resist on the surface, he will still violate the yin and yang in private. The discord between the two is not only detrimental to the construction of local military and government, but also more likely to lead to social unrest.
However, in fact, the phenomenon of power struggle between governors was promoted by the emperors of the Qing Dynasty, which was intentional and simple in purpose - that is, to prevent the governor and the governor from dominating one side and forming a local separatist force.
Before the establishment of a governor, in some frontier areas, out of the need to strengthen border defenses, permanent generals were in charge of military and political power. For example, before the establishment of the province, Xinjiang had general Ili. Under the general, he also had a permanent capital and a general manager, responsible for the military and political affairs of the subordinate areas. In the Qing Dynasty, the general and the capital were both military ranks, and the general was generally congyipin, and the general was usually one level lower than the general, which was the zhengerpin.
In the Qing Dynasty, there was a difference between the Manchu and Han dynasties, with the generals and the generals all belonging to the Eight Banner Soldiers, while the Admirals and the General Soldiers generally belonged to the Green Banner Soldiers of the Han Army. The Green Flag Soldiers are commanded by the local governors, and the chief general of the Green Flag Soldiers in each province is the Admiral. The Admiral is of the same rank as the Governor, but is subject to the same moderation as the Local Governor.
In addition, each province generally has a admiral, and the provinces through which the waterway passes through the territory shall add a waterway admiral. There was also a general army under the governor, who controlled the military affairs of each town, so it was also called the general town. In the Qing Dynasty, the rank of viceroy was congyi pin and the rank of chief soldier was zheng erpin.
To sum up, in the Qing Dynasty, the governors, admirals, and generals of the same rank were all feudal officials from Yipin, while inspectors and general soldiers of the same rank were all zhengerpin officials, and only civilian officials and military generals were different.