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Chiang Kai-shek was a historical figure with mixed reputations, and those who admired him said that he had successfully defeated the Japanese in the War of Resistance, but there were many people who hated him. He has done some things that benefit the country and the people, but he has also done many ugly things that seriously harm the interests of the country and the nation.
So, was Chiang Kai-shek a hero or a sinner? Leaving aside the rest, the six major historical crimes he committed against the country alone doomed him to be left behind for eternity.
01 Ten years of civil war, betraying Sun Yat-sen's "United Russia and The Communist Party" policy
Although the Xinhai Revolution overthrew the Qing Dynasty and ended China's feudal monarchy that had lasted for more than 2,000 years, it only won a false republican situation, and the Xinhai Revolution eventually failed. Sun Yat-sen, who was painstakingly pursuing the road to China's prosperity and strength, finally chose the policy of "uniting with Russia to help peasants and workers" to continue the revolution. However, on March 12, 1925, Mr. Sun died of illness. In just 2 years, Chiang Kai-shek stole the fruits of victory.
The counter-revolutionary coup launched by Chiang Kai-shek in Shanghai on April 12, 1927, opened the first civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communists, and failed the National Revolution. Chiang became the number one figure in the Kuomintang by marrying Soong Mei-ling, thus becoming the number one figure in the Kuomintang and beginning the more than 20-year history of the Chiang dynasty.
Old Chiang Kai-shek regarded himself as Mr. Sun's heir, but he completely betrayed Mr. Sun's policy of "uniting with Russia to support peasants and workers."
02 Adopt a policy of appeasement for the 918 Incident
The 918 incident is a pain in the heart of every Chinese.
On the night of September 18, 1931, the long-planned Japanese Kwantung Army blew up the Tracks of the South Manchuria Railway built by Japan near Shenyang Wicker Lake, and used this as an excuse to attack Zhang Xueliang's Northeast Army, with more than 300 casualties and 24 Japanese casualties in the battle, which was the September 18 Incident. The next day, the Japanese army invaded and occupied Shenyang, and successively occupied the three northeastern provinces.
Zhang Xueliang, who was in charge of the northeast, was recuperating in Beiping that night, and he ordered the northeast army to "not resist, not to move, put the gun in the storeroom, stand up and die, and everyone becomes benevolent and sacrifices for the country." At that time, the policy given by Lao Jiang was also a "policy of non-resistance." Both Zhang Xueliang and Chiang Kai-shek pinned their hopes on the League of Nations. The 200,000 Northeast Army withdrew directly from the Northeast without a fight. In February 1932, all of Northeast China fell. Since then, Japan has established a puppet regime of puppet Manchukuo in northeast China, and began a 14-year-long enslavement and colonial rule of the people of northeast China, which has caused more than 30 million compatriots in northeast China to suffer the pain of slavery.
In this matter, both old Jiang and the young marshal had great responsibility. What is even more tragic is that the huge military factories and aircraft ammunition throughout the northeast were all left to the Japanese, and these aircraft weapons were used to massacre Chinese.
03 The garden mouth broke the embankment, killing 890,000 compatriots in Henan
From late May to early June 1938, After the defeat of the Army in Taierzhuang, Kenji Toihara, a Class-A war criminal, moved to northeastern Henan in a vain attempt to cross the Yellow River south. The Japanese goal was to capture Zhengzhou and attack Wuhan.
After learning of this situation, Chiang Kai-shek personally visited Zhengzhou and gathered 12 divisions with a total of more than 120,000 superior troops to fight against the 20,000 Japanese Kou. But what everyone did not expect was that Chiang Kai-shek's concubines led the troops to escape, led by Gui Yongqing of the 27th Army, Long Muhan, commander of the 88th Division, and Bai Huizhang, commander of the 102nd Division of the 8th Army.
The situation was critical, and at the suggestion of his subordinates, Lao Jiang ordered the explosion of the Garden Pass embankment to stop the Japanese army. In June 1938, under the leadership of Jiang Zaizhen, thousands of people dug a gap of more than 6 wide, and then used artillery to fire 70 shells at the gap to widen the gap.
The Yellow River flooded 3 provinces, 44 counties were affected, 890,000 people died in this disaster, and more than 400 kilometers of the Huangpan area caused the 1942 Henan famine (Feng Xiaogang's film "1942" is about this matter). Only 7,000 Japanese troops died in this disaster, less than one percent of the harm caused to our compatriots. What is even more ridiculous is that in order to cover up their mistakes, these Kuomintang people not only bribe people to pretend to be gods and ghosts, but also try to borrow superstition and fool the people.
04 Changsha fire, burning 30,000 Changsha fathers and elders
Coincidentally, 5 months after the Huayuankou embankment broke, a man-made disaster also took the lives of 30,000 Changsha compatriots, and this is the "Wenxi Fire" carried out in the name of defending the country.
On November 13, 1938, after the Japanese army occupied Yueyang, Zhu Hesong, the local garrison commander of Changsha, who was still more than 130 kilometers away from Yueyang, set fire to hundreds of places in Changsha at 2 a.m. at 2 a.m. in the name of Chiang Kai-shek's secret order of "scorched earth resistance", making the whole city a sea of fire. The Changsha fire burned for 2 days, and the whole city was burned nine times out of ten, burning more than 50,000 houses and killing more than 30,000 people.
What is infuriating is that the nationalist army did not carry out any evacuation of the masses, but lit a fire in the sleep of the people, and some people, because they had nowhere to escape, escaped into the water tank, were boiled alive, and the roar and explosion made Changsha a purgatory on earth in only one night. In this fire that burned for seven days and seven nights, 500,000 people were affected. The only reason for all this is that Chiang Kai-shek sent a secret code to Zhang Zhizhong on November 12: "If Changsha falls, we must burn the whole city down. ”
The Munsey Fire was the largest man-made fire in changsha's history, and made changsha, along with Stalingrad, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the most devastated cities of World War II. This is another massacre of the people by old Chiang Kai-shek.
05 Shield the war criminal Okamura Ningji and send the Japanese Kou back to China
Okamura Ningji was one of the ten major war criminals of the Japanese army invading China. Each of Okamura's crimes committed in China is enough to kill him with a thousand knives. After the Hundred Regiments War, Okamura Became the Supreme Commander of the Japanese Army Invading China in North China, and he implemented the "Three Lights Policy" of burning, killing, and robbing the people of North China. On September 9, 1945, after Japan's surrender, Okamura was placed under house arrest, knowing that he would not be blamed for his crimes, so he was often anxious about it.
At that time, in the list of Japanese war criminals released by Yan'an, Okamura Ningji was listed as the leading war criminal. But Old Mr. Jiang forgave him. The reason was that the veteran hired him as a secret military adviser to participate in the planning of the invasion of the liberated areas. Chiang Kai-shek also personally flew to Nanjing and received Okamura Ningji, and after greeting his physical and other conditions, Chiang Kai-shek said: "If there is any inconvenience in life here, you can propose it to me or Commander-in-Chief He Yingqin, as long as you can do it, we will not refuse." ”
In January 1949, Okamura was acquitted by the Kuomintang government. On January 29, 1949, under the orders of Chiang Kai-shek and personally arranged by He Yingqin, Okamura Ningji returned to Japan with 259 war criminals on the American cruise ship "Vickers". Among them, Chiang Kai-shek also allowed each Japanese war criminal to return with 30 kilograms of luggage they had plundered in China. In 1950, he was hired as a senior instructor at Chiang Kai-shek's "Institute of Revolutionary Practice". In 1957, Okamura became president of the Japan Villagers' Association, and on September 2, 1966, the war criminal died in Japan.
After the post-war economic rise, the Japanese built the Chiang Kai-shek Shrine to thank Chiang Kai-shek for his grievances.
06 He lost outer Mongolia
In August 1945, Japan surrendered, the first major victory china had resisted foreign invasion since the Opium War. However, China, as the victorious power, has suffered great insults.
It turned out that as early as February 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union signed the Yalta Agreement apart from Chiang Kai-shek. Its content is: let Outer Mongolia become a country.
At this time, the Kuomintang government wanted to protect Outer Mongolia on the one hand, and on the other hand, it did not want to lose the support of the Soviet Union and the United States, because this not only represented the help of the Soviet Union and the United States to the Kuomintang troops, but also expressed the recognition of the Kuomintang government by the two major powers.
On August 14, 1945, chiang kai-shek, who was worried about the long night and dreams, finally sent someone to sign the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the Soviet Union, basically accepting the provisions of the Yalta Agreement on China. His aim was to sacrifice territory in exchange for Soviet support.
But 4 years later, old Jiang lost the mainland. On the eve of the founding of New China, when Mikoyan secretly visited the northwest slope, Chairman Mao proposed the matter of recovering Outer Mongolia, but Stalin refused, which also forced the chairman to give up the recovery of Outer Mongolia. It was Chiang Kai-shek who led to the stripping of Outer Mongolia, a territory of nearly 300 years and an area of 1.8 million square meters, which had been subordinate to China.
Ironically, after the old Chiang kai-shek retreated to treasure island, he became angry with the Soviet Union and re-included Outer Mongolia in his territory. This is where the map opened its borders.
As a historical figure, Lao Jiang's evaluation of him was generally polarized. But an objective analysis reveals that his sins far outweigh his credits.
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