Author | Cold Research Author Team - Nine Fish Pavilion
Word count: 2310, Reading time: about 4 minutes
Editor's note: In the past few years, the Korean film industry has continuously filmed several ancient war movies depicting the Manchu invasion of Lee's Korea in the 17th century, such as "The Final Weapon Bow" and "Namhansanseong". However, these films mainly depict the "Battle of Chengzi" or "Chengzi Chaos" in which Huang Taiji invaded Korea for the second time. In the later Jin Dynasty, Emperor Taiji's first invasion of Korea, the "Battle of Ding 卯", or "Ding 卯胡乱", was introduced relatively little. This article will talk about the famous "Battle of Ding".
In the first month of 1627, Emperor Taiji ordered Amin and several other Baylor to send troops to Korea, of which there were two purposes, the first was to solve Mao Wenlong in Dongjiang, because Mao Wenlong's threat to Houjin was too great, and the second was to solve the Korean problem by hand.
However, since Mao Wenlong was on the island, it was difficult for the Later Jin army to land without a water army, so Amin could only set his main target on Korea. This battle, on the surface, does not seem complicated, but in fact, the three forces are involved, and in the battlefield, diplomacy, politics and mutual game, the outcome of the war is also strange, quite legendary.
Yuan Chonghuan pretended to negotiate peace, and Emperor Taiji sent troops to Korea
After Ning Yuan's great victory, Yuan Chonghuan sent emissaries and Hou Jin to negotiate peace. Of course, Yuan Chonghuan also informed the imperial court, and although the imperial court was hesitant about the peace talks, it finally agreed.
The reason why Yuan Chonghuan wanted to make peace with Hou Jin, in order to build a castle, because the previous unreliable Jiliao Jing was slightly higher, except for Ning Yuan, most of the cities were burned down, yuan Chonghuan needed time to repair again, so it was only a temporary measure to follow Hou Jin.
Historical records record that "Chonghuan first discussed peace, but China and the DPRK did not know." and the recitation, the good will to promise, and then think that it is not calculated, and the frequent precepts. "At that time, Nurhaci had just died, and soon after emperor Taiji ascended the throne, not only were there many contradictions within the regime, but even the lives of the military and soldiers became a problem, and famine occurred not only in the Ming Dynasty, but also in Liaodong.
Since Huang Taiji's foothold was unstable, it was more beneficial to Hou Jin to make peace with Daming temporarily. Here in the Ming Dynasty, the Later Jin Army could not get a bargain for the time being, so it set its sights on North Korea. No matter how weak North Korea is, after all, this country is a vassal state of the Ming Dynasty, in order to avoid being attacked by the enemy, it is very beneficial to Houjin, and even if it is impossible to destroy Korea, it is a good choice to plunder materials from Korea to solve its own difficulties. After careful planning, after negotiating peace with Yuan Chonghuan, Emperor Taiji decided to send troops to Korea.
Daming ostensibly wants to send troops to rescue, but in fact the effect is very limited
The combat effectiveness of the Houjin army is beyond doubt, and in the process of attacking Korea, it is almost as overwhelming as a bamboo, as if it has entered no man's land. Historical records record that "on the seventeenth day, the thieves trapped Guo Shan Ling Han Shan City, and the tong county shou Pu Wei Jian and Dingzhou pastor Jin Yu and others surrendered. "On the fifteenth day of the first month, he attacked Dingzhou, and on the eighteenth, he attacked Guoshan, and although he encountered a certain degree of resistance during the attack on Anju, he was eventually easily captured by the Houjin army until he attacked Pyongyang and Changcheng.
At that time, the situation in Korea was also complicated, in 1623, Li Qiang launched a coup d'état to overthrow Li Hun of Gwanghaejun, and the imperial court was also a chicken feather, and at the time of the Later Jin invasion, Korea did not have the strength to resist. Korea was invaded by the Later Jin, of course, it would turn to the Ming Dynasty, and the Ming court also decided to send troops to rescue, but with the strength of the Ming army at that time, it was really stretched. Wanli had the strength to rescue Korea that had been invaded by Japan, but by the time of the Apocalypse Dynasty, the Ming army was already unable to take care of itself, and where did it have the energy to rescue Korea?
The task of rescuing North Korea eventually fell to Yuan Chonghuan and Mao Wenlong, Yuan Chonghuan's strategy was to negotiate peace with Houjin and buy time to build a city, so he did not agree to send troops to rescue, but due to the orders of the imperial court, Yuan Chonghuan still sent Zhao To lead the army, but by the time the reinforcements arrived, the war was over.
Mao Wenlong was alone overseas, economic and military ownership was in his own hands, for the orders of the imperial court, Mao Wenlong was often perfunctory, false reporting of military merit is also a common thing, for the war in Korea, Mao Wenlong did not care too much. A North Korean observer also once denounced Mao Wenlong: "Mao will hold troops on the island, and dare not spy on the thief's left foot, but only sacrifice false victory with the sun, and thickly disregard the heavenly dynasty." ”
In fact, the main problem was due to the limited strength of the Ming army, in other words, the Ming court was more than enough and insufficient.
Amin was forced to agree to peace, and North Korea breathed a sigh of relief
Amin is the second son of Shulhazi, and together with Daishan, Mang Gultai and Huang Taiji, they are known as the Four Great Baylors, although The Emperor Taiji is the Great Khan, but in fact, the other three Baylors are equally powerful, and at the time of the Upper Dynasty Council, the four are equal. In other words, Amin is also a potential competitor of Huang Taiji. Sending Amin on the expedition was fine, but Emperor Taiji was also worried that if Amin conquered Korea and established himself as king in Korea, it would be a big trouble.
North Korea and Houjin border, and Emperor Taiji definitely does not want to have one more enemy in such a complicated situation. Therefore, in the strong advance of Amin's army, Huang Taiji secretly put pressure on Amin, forcing him not to continue to expand the war, but to try to accept as much as possible.
At first, Amin's peace demands to Korea totaled seven, including severe conditions such as severing contacts with the Ming Dynasty and lending troops to Houjin, but because many generals persuaded Amin to negotiate peace as soon as possible, in the end, the only agreement reached between the two sides was to cut off the exchange of letters with the Ming Dynasty, and the other clauses were canceled. Of course, it is inevitable to give money and give things.
Among them, it also included the pressure exerted by the Ming army on Houjin, after all, the Ming army also symbolically sent some troops, and even attempted to "encircle Wei and save Zhao", which was one of the reasons why Emperor Taiji asked Amin to withdraw his troops as soon as possible.
At this point, the King of Joseon, Li Qiang, was relieved, after all, North Korea is a small country, he can't afford to provoke the Later Jin, and he can't afford to provoke the Ming Dynasty, under the premise of safety, the best way is to ride the wall.
Daming was relieved, HouJin eased the situation, and the most unfortunate person was North Korea
After the end of the war, the biggest profiteer was Houjin, Amin stole a large amount of materials from North Korea, and every year North Korea also gave Houjin coins, cloth and many other benefits. Their difficulties were temporarily alleviated, and then they had the strength to send troops south to fight the Ming army.
At the same time, Yuan Chonghuan also got the time he needed, and it was precisely because of the temporary peace with Houjin that the fortresses of Jinzhou, Zhongqiansuo, Dalinghe, and Youtun were completed, and they were prepared with enough grain and grass, so that the Great Victory of Ningjin could be realized.
Among the three parties, the most unfortunate is north Korea, which has killed a large number of soldiers, killed a large number of civilians, and suffered countless property losses.
Both Daming and Hou Kim considered using North Korea to help themselves through the difficulties. At a critical juncture, those so-called covenants and agreements are meaningless at all, and because North Korea is too weak, it can only become a vassal of the big guys on both sides.
References: Ming Shi Liechuan 147, Continued Miscellaneous Records
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