I've lost the hearts and minds of the people.
The Ming army and the Later Jin (later changed to "Qing") army faced each other for a long time, and although the Ming army has always been in a passive defensive posture, the actual war is mutually successful. The biggest victory of the Ming army was fought by the "Guanning Iron Horse".
Why can the "Guanning Iron Horse" win the battle? A very important reason is that this team is built by recruiting local people and organizing. They protect their land, their crops, their parents, wives and children. They are naturally spontaneously willing to fight the enemy with their lives.
In the same way, the people living here are also willing to use their lives to support the "Guanning Iron Horse", to support their sons, their brothers, their husbands and fathers. When the troops passed by, they took the initiative to deliver hot and hot meals; when there was news from the enemy, they took the initiative to report to the troops; and when the enemy inquired about our news, they were tight-lipped and preferred to die.
The unity of the military and the people is a necessary condition for victory.
Li Zicheng defeated the Daming army and also took advantage of the people's will. The slogan he put forward, "Open the door to meet the king, and when the king comes, he will not pay grain" has brought fire and hope to the gray life of the common people -- in addition to the normal taxation, there are "three salaries", and it has to be collected in advance for many years, and the people have long been unhappy.
The situation of the invading army was reversed, with the entry into Beijing as the key node.
After entering Beijing, the invading army had overthrown the Ming government and established a new "Dashun" government. However, the civilian officials and military generals and the emperor's ministers did not shift their thinking from "fighting the world" to "governing the world". They also held the idea of guerrilla warfare and used the name of "torture and plunder to help pay" to loot all the wealth of Beijing city and prepare to transport it back to Xi'an.
At the beginning, the scope of "torture and looting" was limited to high-ranking officials, but it was soon expanded to intermediate and even low-level officials, and then the ordinary rich households and even civilians were also involved -- Beijing has been the capital for more than two hundred years, and the "seven pin officials in front of the prime minister's door" is that ordinary people can easily have a "tax-collecting relative, an official friend", at least a relative of relatives, friends of friends, right? The infinite expansion of the scope of "torture and plunder" and other improper policies caused Li Chuang's army, which was once popular with the people, to quickly lose the hearts and minds of the people.
At this time, it was no longer a simple confrontation between the invading army and the Ming army or the Qing army. This is a power that the people oppose, a struggle for a regime that the people do not yet understand.
Poor thinking. The people who were originally suffering from the harsh taxes and heavy taxes of the Ming Dynasty longed for the fall of the Ming Dynasty and supported the rebels; the people who were now suffering from the "torture" of Li Chuang's army were also eager for Li Chuang's downfall and supported Li Chuang's opponents.
Therefore, the brave organized a military confrontation against the DaShun army, the locals rushed to fill in the wells before the arrival of the Dashun army, the returnees rebelled again, and the onlookers resolutely opposed - no need to wait for the Qing army to arrive, the Dashun army was already embattled and full of dangers!
The bravery of the Qing soldiers, coupled with the trend, is naturally more effective with half the effort.