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In Chinese history, the prime minister had many famous ministers before Zhu Yuanzhang abolished the system of chancellors, and the prime minister generally had a strong ability to handle government affairs, but if he was ranked by erudition and talents, I personally believe that when Cao Cao ranked third, Zhuge Liang was second, and the first was the one to be said today: Zhang Cang.
After listening to this conclusion, don't be unconvinced, some people estimate to say: Nonsense, who is Zhang Cang? Never heard of it, still ranked first? Don't worry, and listen to what is being said below.
Zhang Cang may be a person who has problems with his life style, especially after his old age, the evaluation of the history books is not very good, and not many people know it now. However, among the countless ministers in the long river of history, he is definitely a legendary figure. From today's point of view, you can add to him writers, musicians, mathematicians, calendarists, astronomers, healthologists, astrologers, and politicians... And so on and so forth titles.
These titles alone are estimated to be thunderous to a group of people, and the key to people is also accomplished in every field. How did this head grow? In the history of the small editor's impression that he can cross so many fields of research and obtain results, it seems that only Leonardo da Vinci is a cattle man. Hearing this, is it a bit convinced?
The breadth of his knowledge and the breadth of his knowledge are so profound that in some respects, he absolutely Zhuge Cheng Xiang and Cao Cheng Xiang must also bow to the inferiority. Anyway, I know that Zhuge Cheng Xiang has only lived for more than fifty years, and his health is definitely inferior to this one. Although Cao Chengxiang is very good at literature, government affairs, and military affairs, he is afraid that other aspects must also be looked after. Therefore, under the comprehensive comparison, in terms of comprehensive ability, Zhang Cang ranked first. But first state: just a personal ranking, do not like it, please laugh it off.
Let's first talk about zhang Cang's life, this person's life experience is the same as his achievements, and it is also very legendary.
Zhang Cang was born in the Warring States period, Yang Wuren, his grandfather is zhang Yi, a famous family in the history of the Warring States, if you don't even know Zhang Yi, it is recommended that you can start from the second grade of primary school to supplement historical knowledge. Zhang Cang studied under Xunzi in his early years, and went out with Li Si and Han Feizi.
These two are certainly not strangers to you, and taking one out at random was a thunderous figure in that era. Zhang Cang had eaten in a pot with them and slept in a bed. But Zhang Cang is very calm about these, and he has never taken the initiative to mention it in his later career, which is a world away from the performance of today's star chasers who can get a star signature and can't sleep for a few days.
You look at the origin of the people, after the debut, although Zhang Cang himself is very calm, as the brother of the master of these two people, of course, there will be a dazzling aura on his head uninvited. It's like if today you go out and say that you are Ji Xianlin's brother and master, the family will definitely move a chair for you immediately. This also tells us a truth, when we open a classmate association, we must remember the contact information of those students who are well mixed, even if they can't help, they can always take it out and blow: so-and-so is my classmate! If your classmate is a little famous, then make sure that others will look at you differently in an instant.
In this way, with such a good teacher to teach, with such a hard-working classmate as an example, in such a good environment, Zhang Cang also lived up to expectations and quickly thrived. After leaving the teacher, he also began to recruit students. Many people who have read the famous passage "On Passing the Qin" may not know that Jia Yi, the author who could be juxtaposed with Qu Yuan at that time, was one of Zhang Cang's students. People in that era pursued the concept of strict teachers and high disciples, and it is estimated that Jia classmates were not less beaten by Teacher Zhang. With this in mind, do you think this old brother should also have a title: Educator?
It was gold that always shone, and at that time Zhang Cang's erudition was already famous, and it accidentally reached the ears of Qin Shi Huang. Although the First Emperor burned books and pit Confucianism, it was for the needs of political struggle, mainly against the alchemists. Wouldn't it seem like the Great Qin Dynasty had buried talents if they didn't recruit talents into the imperial court? So the First Emperor gave Zhang Cang a great and glorious job: the official in charge of the library and archives in the palace.
Later, because of something wrong, Zhang Cang ran back to his hometown of Yangwu. As for what happened, you asked me, and I don't know, people are too shigong to remember. It is estimated that Lao Zhang himself is not interested in this position. As such a talented person, I actually became a librarian. That must have been a hold on.
When Liu Bang raised an army to attack his hometown of Yangwu, Zhang Cang, after some trial and sizing up the situation, immediately rolled up his sleeves and locked the door and followed Liu Bang to rebel. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and the four parties and heroes rose up together, when Xiang Yu was already in the sky, Liu Bang compared with these people, it was like the light of fireworks. But the historical development of the aftermath proved how poisonous Zhang Cang's vision was. By virtue of this alone, one is a qualified politician.
However, a companion is like a companion of a tiger, and a qualified politician is no exception. At that time, Zhang Cang was still young and immature after all, and the arrogance and ignorance of the literati were still relatively explosive. In today's words, there is no hair on the mouth, and it is still a little tender. Once, because he acted without authorization in violation of military orders, he angered Old Liu, and Old Liu was very angry, and the consequences were very serious. He was immediately ordered to be executed, and he was executed in such a horrific way as beheading him.
It can be seen from this matter that Liu Bang's later cruelty was reflected from that time. Historical records at that time recorded: "Cang sat down when the law was chopped, undressed, grown up, fat and white, when the king saw and blamed his beauty, it was a word of publicity, forgiveness and not beheading." "
Just as he was undressed and his head pressed against the rootstock, desperately waiting for the shiny butcher knife to cut through the air, a miracle occurred. At that time, Liu Bang's old brother Wang Ling was passing by. He was very surprised to see Zhang Cang's tall body and white skin like a gourd. You know, in that era of low productivity, there were no various types of skin care cosmetics, even if non-physical workers looked so white, it was very rare. Doesn't the old saying say: a white cover a hundred ugliness, it seems that this white can not only cover the ugly, but also save lives. Therefore, it is recommended that you have nothing to buy some skin care products and rub more, anyway, it is not white, I don't know when it will be useful.
After Wang Ling saw Liu Bang, he requested that Zhang Cang be pardoned on death. As mentioned earlier, Wang Ling is Liu Bang's old brother, or a fellow villager in Pei County, and when he was in Pei County, Liu Bang always performed the gift of brother to Wang Ling, which was very respectful. The elder brother came to intercede, and this face always had to be given. Anyway, in Liu Bang's eyes at that time, this guy who looked a little white was not an eye-catching guy, so Liu Bang sold his old brother a face and agreed.
In the subsequent career, Comrade Zhang Cang conducted profound self-reflection, fully and unforgettably absorbed the painful lessons of this tragedy, and since then he has been a low-key person, and there have been no major mistakes, which we can understand, after all, people who have experienced death will also see more clearly and thoroughly in their understanding of life. This phenomenon is often seen in life, and people who have committed suicide will basically not commit suicide again. After all, the fear of death is not something that ordinary people can bear.
After returning from the ghost gate, this unforgettable experience completely destroyed the arrogance on Zhang Cang's body, and in the subsequent conscientious work, his talent was also brought into full play. Gradually gained the appreciation of Liu Bang. FollowEd Liu Bang all the way into Guanzhong. Among them, he made plans and suggestions, managed the affairs of the army, and made great achievements in everything.
Historical portraits left by Zhang Cang
In the process of Liu Bang's pacification of the world, Zhang Cang'an made many meritorious achievements before and after his horse. Among these conquests, the most noteworthy thing is that when Han Xin was fighting against the Zhao Kingdom, in the famous classic battle of Jingxing in Chinese history, Zhang Cang actually captured Chen Yu, the commander of the Zhao army. A well-mannered literati can even perform this miraculous feat on a prancing horse. It seems that while this brother is engaged in mental work, he does not engage in physical exercise. The benchmark model of the overall development of the whole morality, intellect and body.
After the State of Zhao was pacified, Liu Bang made Zhang Cang the acting chancellor, which was actually an extremely dangerous and desolate place at that time. The land is barren and sparsely populated, but the geographical location is also very important, and the surrounding enemies are looking at the tiger. Liu Bang estimated that at that time, he said: There is no way, the one who can work more, who called you a boy with strong ability. It's you. Zhang Cang, the people, did not live up to expectations, and managed the land in an orderly and impregnable manner. Let Liu Bang have a lot less worries.
Later, the situation in the State of Zhao was unstable, and he was transferred to the State of Zhao to become The Minister of Zhao, and Zhang Cang hurriedly took office, and with his excellent administrative ability, the situation in the State of Zhao was just stabilized. Just pressed this side, the gourd on that side rose again, and the DaiGuo had another problem, so it was immediately transferred back to the Daiguo to continue to serve as the Daixiang, and at the same time as the non-stop change of office, it also helped Liu Bang quell the rebellion of the Yan State. Just like Zhukov at that time, he belonged to the typical fire captain, and his main job was to help Liu Bang extinguish fires everywhere. However, Liu Bang did not treat him badly, and Zhang Cang was later given the title of Marquis of Beiping. Since then, Zhang Cang has finally become a giant with his own efforts.
After the Han Dynasty was able to determine the world, Zhang Cang served as the minister of planning, and this so-called minister of finance is actually equivalent to today's minister of finance, and Zhang Cang did a very good job in this position, which was four years. People who have engaged in finance should know that it is cumbersome and boring, and those complex doorways inside, anyway, Xiaobian is a look at the financial statements to ensure rapid dizziness, the whole body is weak, this is still a computer document program to do the automatic addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and simple and clear charts, people Zhang Cang's ledger at that time...
Zhang Cang is definitely not from the background of accounting, and it seems that he does not have the outstanding genes of accounting talent when he looks at his family tree. How did you get started so quickly? The most infuriating thing is that in the face of the mountain of ledgers, you can not be dizzy, the whole body is weak, and the management is so excellent. I have to sigh: people are more than people, angry people!
When Xiao He, the first meritorious hero of the Jianhan Dynasty (which was evaluated by Liu Bang), was extremely appreciative of Zhang Cang, often praising Zhang Cang in front of Liu Bang, and even Zhang Cang's office was in Xiao He Mansion. Talent plus hard work, coupled with the appreciation of leaders, Zhang Cang later became one of the three dukes of the imperial history. Who would have thought that a fugitive wanted man who was terrified for the rest of his life could have taken such a step forward as he does today.
This is not the culmination of his life, in 180 BC, Zhang Cang and Zhou Bo and other people jointly supported the emperor Liu Heng as the emperor, this is the famous Han Wen Emperor, the famous "Rule of Wenjing" in the early Han Dynasty has since unveiled the prologue, when Zhang Cang was the acting minister, he established a good personal relationship with Liu Heng, as a person who has been with him for a long time, Liu Heng is well aware of Zhang Cang's talent.
In the fourth year of Emperor Wen's reign, Emperor Wen died, and Emperor Wen appointed Zhang Cang as chancellor.
After reaching the peak of his life, Zhang Cang's talents have been greatly exerted, and the rule of Wenjing has left a brilliant mark in Chinese history, which is absolutely inseparable from Zhang Cang's painstaking efforts. We will not talk about these achievements, let's look at what he left for posterity in other fields.
Zhang Cang spent his life reading history books, reading the calendar, understanding music, and when he was doing calculations, he devoted himself to the study of music, calendars and arithmetic in his spare time. After serving as chancellor, he exhausted his efforts and finally completed these great projects. During his tenure, the dynasty began to uniformly develop a calendar and standards of weights and measures. In 179 B.C., he compiled and revised the Nine Chapters of Arithmetic, which still has a profound influence on us today, and many of theses and discoveries are among the earliest in the history of mathematics in the world.
Not only this, he also unified the music rhythm, standardized it, and had a unified standard for the five tones and eight sounds, and the entire Han Dynasty, as long as it was engaged in music, respected Zhang Cang as a teacher. It has made an indelible contribution to the development of the entertainment industry in the Han Empire.
These achievements, anyway, I know, Zhuge Cheng Xiang and Cao Cheng Xiang did not make it. So you say, he is not counted as the first polymath.
Zhang Cang took care of Madame Wang Lingtu
In addition, Zhang Cang is also full of positive energy in filial piety and often has a grateful heart, if you don't believe it, you can see it from this matter. Wang Ling saved his life that year. Since then, Zhang Cang regarded Wang Ling as a father, and had always been respectful and courteous and diligent in visiting. After Wang Ling's death, he often rushed to the palace with delicious food to visit Madame Wang Ling after he left the court, and respectfully served the old lady after eating before returning home. Today's day-to-day filial piety is difficult to achieve even if it is a son. Such a grateful person, will you suspect that there is something wrong with the character of others? This is not something I made up, and it is well documented in the history of others.
Zhang Cang served as a chancellor for a total of fifteen years, making great contributions to the rise of the Western Han Empire and leaving a valuable cultural heritage for future generations. However, later generations also had many negative evaluations of him, especially in terms of life, he had more than a hundred wives and concubines, more than the emperor, and Qianlong had more wives among the emperors, and he was almost twice as many as Qianlong. And those who have been pregnant are "not lucky." In that era, the status of women was extremely low, and the miserable fate of these women can be imagined. It is indeed cruel and unfair to these women. I think this is also an important reason why later historians are reluctant to record him more.
Today's Tomb of Zhang Cang
Later, after Zhang Cang was deposed, he lived to be more than a hundred years old before he died. In that era, the average life expectancy of people was only more than forty years old, and those who lived to 50.60 were even more than a long life, and more than a hundred years old was rare even today, which cannot but be said to be a miracle. Zhang Cang should definitely have a unique experience in health care, but unfortunately lost, or open a class today to ensure that everyone is flocking to it. So this health scientist definitely deserves its name.
Speaking of which, if you still think that my argument is wrong, then please cite the famous person who can surpass Zhang Cang in terms of erudition and talent, and welcome to discuss.
In fact, today, it is estimated that many people do not know the name of this famous person, and even doubt whether this is a famous face, but not a famous face? Let's take a look at Sima Qian's evaluation: "Zhang Cang's literary calendar is a Han name. "
With This note from Tai Shi Gong, I think everything is enough.