There is a cold knowledge that shows that the capitals of China's dynasties and dynasties are mostly northern cities, especially after the Ming and Qing dynasties, which were basically stable in Beijing. Although the capital of Nanjing was briefly fixed during the Republic of China, the new China moved back to Beijing. Probably only Beijing in China's urban circle has taken on this heavy responsibility.
However, in fact, when New China was first founded, the Party Central Committee did struggle with which city to choose as the capital. A total of 11 cities were selected from the south to the north of the candidate list.
After repeated measurement and comparison, the final title was spent in Beijing. So why? Why do people still have a soft spot for Beijing? We can probably get a glimpse of the competition in those 11 candidate cities.
11 city comparison
First of all, we need to know that the earliest consideration of the capital was in 1949. Since the government of the Republic of China, which was originally in Nanjing, had fallen, the Party Central Committee urgently needed to find a new city as the capital to lead China's development.
In the party central committee's alternative list, Beijing, Nanjing, Xi'an, Chongqing, Shanghai, Harbin, Yan'an, Luoyang, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Kaifeng and other 11 cities are among its consideration.
Some of these cities are inextricably linked to the revolution, some are economic development entities, and some have been capitals in history. Each of them has its own unique advantages and charms, and it should not be a problem to take on this heavy responsibility. But China's capital only needs one, so in so many different cities to choose the most suitable one, we must set some thresholds.
In fact, it is not difficult to choose, since China wants to set the capital, the first consideration must be the geographical environment and location, can not let it be in the mountainous or remote area, it is best to develop the throat of the traffic, which can also attack and defend the two defenses.
In addition, The north-south region of China spans a large area, and the development is also extremely unbalanced, as a capital city, it can only be better balanced between the north and the south as a capital city at the intersection of the north and the south.
Therefore, it seems that Chongqing, Shanghai, Harbin, Guangzhou, Chengdu and other cities can only be defeated, some of them are too far south, some are too north, some are in mountain cities, as the capital will only drive regional development, and can not look at the pattern to the whole country. Obviously, it is still inappropriate.
Secondly, dingdu must also consider the economic development. The capital city's economy, population and climate temperature are all within suitable conditions. Although some cities in the south are economically developed, the summer heat is hot; although the northern cities such as Harbin have developed into heavy industrial cities, they are afraid that they are not suitable for long-term living and office in winter.
In addition, although cities such as Yan'an are the base areas of the Red Revolution, their urban economic construction cannot keep up, and the cultural heritage is not deep enough, or they have suffered historical losses.
On the contrary, Luoyang, Kaifeng and other cities, although they were all capitals in history, but that was a thousand years ago, and after the Tang and Song Dynasties, these two cities have gradually come to an end. Up to now, their development is not even as good as those emerging new cities such as Shanghai and Guangzhou. So in desperation, they can only be excluded.
Therefore, under comprehensive consideration, the only cities that can enter the final "finals" are Beijing, Xi'an and Nanjing. So what does Beijing stand out from them?
Beijing stands out
The first to be eliminated was Nanjing. As the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, Nanjing has a rich historical and cultural heritage. Moreover, in the past Republic of China era, it also happened to be the capital, when almost all the superior resources were concentrated in Nanjing. But this is precisely the consideration of the Party Central Committee to exclude Nanjing.
After all, we do not know whether the Kuomintang reactionaries still have the remaining forces hidden on the mainland, and whether they will resurrect is also our concern. And as the former capital, Nanjing must have been the first place they thought of retaking.
Therefore, if Nanjing continues to be the capital, it is difficult to guarantee that they will not have a comeback revenge mentality. Therefore, Nanjing City not only cannot continue to stay, but also has to readjust and integrate its resources.
Therefore, we see that after 1949, China's political center and cultural center are gradually moving north, and some universities and hospitals in Nanjing have been re-integrated. These are all far-sighted practices of our Party Central Committee in order to prevent a counter-offensive by the Kuomintang.
At the same time, the Party Central Committee also considered some historical reasons, although Nanjing was the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, each dynasty established was a "short-lived" dynasty. I don't know if this is just a coincidence or a curse, but when the Party Central Committee chose the capital, it still decided to avoid Nanjing.
The second is Xi'an. Xi'an, the ancient capital of the 11 dynasties, is no worse than Nanjing, and Xi'an, as the capital of China's Tang Dynasty, has created a glorious history of hundreds of years.
As the center of China's most central plains, Xi'an has convenient transportation and easy access, and its profound history and cultural heritage are beyond imagination. How could Chairman Mao, who was born a literati, ignore the elegant rhyme of Xi'an? Therefore, on the background, on the strength, on the history, if the capital of new China is moved back to the land of the Tang Dynasty, why not?
In fact, at that time, the Party Central Committee was indeed oscillating between Xi'an and Beijing, with such a strong opponent, Beijing was almost a near victory. It is said that even in the final voting stage, Xi'an lost to Beijing by only one vote. So what is the difference between this vote and this vote?
Objectively speaking, it is the difference in geographical location. At that time, the newly established Foundation of China was not yet solid enough, and it was in urgent need of the assistance of the "Big Brother" Soviet Union. The Soviet Union straddled the Eurasian continent and was geographically located further north of China.
In contrast, Beijing is a little more northerly than Xi'an, which means that Beijing is closer to the Soviet Union. At that time, it will be more convenient for both Soviet representatives to visit Beijing and Chairman Mao to visit the Soviet Union.
Moreover, China's military and industrial centers are already located in the northeast of China, and most of the Soviet-aided projects are scheduled to be in its neighboring Province of Heilongjiang. So locating the capital in beijing to the north would allow for better supervision and management of these military turfs. These are all considerations made by the Party Central Committee from the perspective of the overall situation. New China needs a city in the north to do a good job in centralizing power and governing the country.
There is also a consideration that comes from their liberation process. Xi'an was the city of Xi'an, which was forcibly crossed the Wei River by the People's Liberation Army in May 1949, and it took six hours to liberate Xi'an with the enemy. The newly liberated Xi'an, like other cities, is in ruins and awaiting rejuvenation, and we need our Party Central Committee and the people to work together to create prosperity.
As for Beijing, it was peacefully liberated in January 1949 due to Fu Zuoyi's surrender, and many of the buildings and personnel in Beijing were not seriously injured, and some historical sites were well preserved. Compared with Xi'an, Beijing seems to be able to catch up with the pace of development faster.
brief summary:
In summary, after repeated comparisons, the location of the capital of New China still falls in Beijing. This city with a thousand-year history has been the capital of China's feudal dynasty several times. It was the heart of the northern regime and the throat of the North China Plain.
Moreover, Beijing's unique geographical and historical environment makes it look more like a majestic city, and it seems to be carrying different historical missions from ancient times to the present. Especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties, it has undergone the change of several emperors, witnessed the inexhaustible changes in China in a hundred years, and left more impressions on the people here as the seal of the Chinese dragon vein.
In history, We can't ignore Beijing, and today we can't forget Beijing. Here, China has entered the conquests of the Western powers, and finally China has come out of the War of Liberation, in which only a hundred years we seem to have experienced centuries, but China has never fallen.
In 1949, we moved the capital of New China back to Beijing, allowing the city to continue to play its rightful role as a bellwether. Beijing is like a big parent, it was once majestic for a hundred years, but it also fell for some reasons. But now it can still stand on the Chinese political stage again, and use its own story to tell others about the long history of China's mountains and rivers.
More importantly, with the leadership of the Party Central Committee this time, Beijing has been given the meaning of a new era. Let it get rid of the dross of the feudal era, let it forget the shadow of the war era, and embark on the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, which can lead hundreds of millions of people in New China to create prosperity again.