Figure 丨Fu Zuoyi
preface
On January 22, 1949, Fu Zuoyi signed the "Agreement on the Peaceful Settlement of the Peiping Issue", and the ancient capital of Beiping declared the peaceful liberation.
On February 22 of the same year, Fu Zuoyi accompanied the Shanghai People's Peace Delegation to Xibaipo, the seat of the CPC Central Committee, to meet with the leaders of the CPC Central Committee.
The Peking Issue
After the Liaoshen Campaign, the Northeast Field Army successfully divided and surrounded Tianjin, Zhangjiakou and Beiping with 830,000 people. Whether it was war or peace, it was always bothering Fu Zuoyi!
In 1949, war clouds were scattered over the city of Beiping, but both sides understood that once the ancient city was destroyed, no one could bear the guilt of this history.
Fu Zuoyi's attitude is still wavering for the time being, but our attitude is that we don't want to fight!
Pictured by Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan
With regard to North China, the CPC Central Committee has always maintained a peaceful settlement. Just before our troops surrounded Peiping, Chairman Mao deliberately sent a telegram from Xibaipo to the front line command:
Lin Luo Liu, and Cheng Huang:
First, Fengtai, Mentougou, Shijingshan, and Changxindian are important industrial zones, and our fifth and eleventh columns are fighting in this area, and I hope that they will pay full attention to protecting industry. The method is to leave everything intact, use the original workers, employees, factory directors, and managers to do things, and our army only sends personnel to supervise and send troops to protect them.
Second, Shahe, Qinghe, Haidian (Dian), Xishan is an important cultural monument area.
According to the tradition of our Central Military Commission, the highest level of telegraph is 4A, indicating that 100,000 people are in a hurry. The level of this telegram is 4A, and it is specific to the details.
From the contents of the above-mentioned telegram, we can see that our position is very firm: war and uncertainty are not decided, but the protection of the city must be the primary concern, and it cannot be delayed.
On December 18, 1948, the day after the Xibaipo telegram was sent, two PLA cadres took advantage of the night to visit Liang Sicheng and his wife, the leaders of Tsinghua's architecture department.
Late at night, when Liang Sicheng and his wife saw the cadres of the People's Liberation Army, they were still a little surprised, so they asked: "Is it difficult, your army has already entered the city?" ”
Picture 丨 Liang Sicheng and his wife
After listening, the PLA cadres did not answer, but instead took out a military map from their arms: "Peiping is about to be liberated, and in order to reduce the damage to The cultural relics of Peiping, Chairman Mao hopes that the two helpers will help and mark the places that need protection." ”
After learning of the intention of the People's Liberation Army, Liang Sicheng and his wife were very willing to help, and after more than two hours of busyness, they finally determined it. When the two PLA cadres were leaving, the couple also specially instructed: "Comrade, these ancient buildings and cultural relics cannot be beaten." ”
Platon army cadres looked at the almost all-red map, and even a little overwhelmed. After careful consideration, Liang Sicheng and his wife marked a section of the city wall: "This section was rebuilt by the invaders during the anti-Japanese period, and at most it will be broken through from here. ”
Even as we were working to protect the city of Peiping, Fu Zuoyi's negotiators also began to contact the Platon Army on the front line. Fu Zuoyi's ability to embark on the road of peace talks was also influenced by the voices of the masses and the many inducements of well-known people from all walks of life.
Picture 丨 Fu Zuoyi old photo
Before the Battle of Pingjin, teachers and students of universities and middle schools in Beiping, petitioning masses, scholars, and celebrities all vigorously called for "peace", and the most important thing is that the Senate of the five provinces and 2 cities in North China also submitted a proposal to Fu Zuoyi on behalf of the middle and upper classes to stop the war and strive for peace. It was against this background that Fu Zuoyi chose the path of peace talks.
However, although Fu Zuoyi wanted peace talks on the inside, he still had great concerns about the peace talks between the two sides. First, he feared that he would be dealt with as a war crime by the Communists; second, he was afraid that if he sought peace, he would most likely become the target of the elimination of Chiang Kai-shek's troops and Kuomintang agents in the Kuomintang army in North China; and finally, he was worried that the subordinates who had been indoctrinated with anti-communist ideas for many years would not be able to accept the peace, thus creating a situation in which some people would rise up against him.
Although Fu Zuoyi had many worries, with the start of the Pingjin Campaign, the situation in North China began to change, so Fu Zuoyi began to contact our side.
The first substantive contact between the two sides took place in Balizhuang, Jixian County.
Picture 丨 Su Jing
Fu Zuoyi's representatives were Cui Zaizhi, president of the Kuomintang's North China organ, the Pingming Ribao, and reporter Li Bingquan; our side sent Su Jing, chief of the Dongye Operations Staff.
At this meeting, Fu Fang proposed that he wanted to retain the army, form a coalition government in North China, and so on. Naturally, our side is unable to accept these conditions, and the negotiations have reached an impasse.
Fu Zuoyi sent a representative on December 15, 1948. On this very day, Fu Zuoyi had just sent off Cui Zaizhi and other negotiators, and a guest stepped on the back foot: Xu Yongchang, a first-class general of the National Revolutionary Army and then the minister of defense of the National Government.
Xu Yongchang is not only Fu Zuoyi's hometown, but also Fu Zuoyi's immediate boss. At the first meeting this time, Xu Yongchang's words made Fu Zuoyi break out in a cold sweat: "Brother, tong said that you went over there to join?" ”
After hearing this, Fu Zuoyi immediately expressed his position: "Brother, rumors should not be gullible. As a member of the party-state, how can Fu not be loyal to the party-state? ”
Picture 丨 Xu Yongchang
Xu Yongchang couldn't say anything and said, "Okay, sit down and sit down." ”
In fact, the purpose of Xu Yongchang's coming this time was to convey Chiang Kai-shek's instructions: Fu Zuoyi was asked to quickly withdraw south and serve as the "supreme administrator of the southeast"!
Fu Zuoyi said with a look of embarrassment: "The communist army is now in the city, and if it is hastily withdrawn to the south, it will only speed up the speed of annihilation." ”
Fu Zuoyi's words are half prevarication and half truth. The so-called communist soldiers approaching the city do not refer to unevenness, but to the new security guard on the battlefield on the western front, Zhangjiakou, and his concubine troops were surrounded tightly and could not move, and at this time letting Fu Zuoyi leave was tantamount to digging up his heart.
However, since you choose to stay, it is difficult to go. Within two days of Xu Yongchang's return to Nanjing, the Platon Completed the Strategic Division of the Enemy in Northern China.
Previously, for the enemy who was surrounded in Xinbao and Zhangjiakou, the order of the Central Military Commission was to encircle and not fight, but encircling and not fighting did not mean never fighting.
In the course of the negotiations, our side received accurate information that Fu Zuoyi was preparing to go to war, and on December 22, 1948, the People's Liberation Army launched an attack on the new security guards.
Pictured: Chiang Kai-shek and Fu Zuoyi took a group photo
On the afternoon of the same day, the Kuomintang ace 35th Army was completely annihilated, and the next day, Zhangjiakou was liberated. This was the most painful time for Fu Zuoyi in the Battle of Pingjin, and on the day of the defeat of the 35th Army, Fu Zuoyi was very drunk, and when he woke up, he found himself lying on the sofa of the headquarters, and the people sitting next to him were from Nanjing.
The guest who came this time was even bigger than Xu Yongchang, and he brought a letter to Fu Zuoyi, which read: A thousand armies are easy to obtain, and one will be difficult to find!
The guest from Nanjing was Chiang Kai-shek's second son, Chiang Wei-kuo. Similarly, the purpose of his visit this time was to persuade Fu Zuoyi to go south.
However, Fu Zuoyi knew very well in his heart that what Chiang Kai-shek wanted was nothing more than the remnants of the Central Army in North China. As for what will be difficult to find, most of the concubines around him have lost most of them, if they really run to Jiangnan to rely on whom? I'm afraid, only ask for the share of others.
For this reason, Fu Zuoyi refused Jiang Weiguo's kindness and insisted on staying in Beiping. That same evening, Fu Zuoyi dictated that Cui Zaizhi write a letter to Chairman Mao to the effect of:
Prepare to abandon military resistance and immediately telegraph the whole country to start formal peace talks. Can your army be lenient for a few days, a little more lenient?
Pictured: Chairman Mao and Fu Zuoyi taking a group photo
However, fu Zuoyi received the news that he could not, and our side also listed him as a first-class war criminal, and all the people of the country could be killed!
What's going on here? Fu Zuoyi had a hard time understanding why the Communist Party was putting him in such an embarrassing position at this time. Don't you want to talk about all this?
Of course not, we must not only talk but also talk safely and completely.
According to Chairman Mao's instructions:
Fu Zuoyi is not suitable for sending electricity at present, and once it is released, he will have no legal status, and he and his deployment may be oppressed by Chiang Kai-shek's army, or even solved. As soon as we make such an announcement, his position before Chiang Kai-shek is strengthened. Fu Zuoyi could take this opportunity to make a fuss, saying that as long as he fought resolutely, there was no other way out, but in reality, he negotiated with us, and should cooperate with the outside world to liberate Peiping peacefully or liberate Peiping after a non-fierce battle...
When Fu Zuoyi learned of Chairman Mao's plan, he couldn't help but feel admiration: "Mr. Mao is well-intentioned, and Fu is deeply moved. ”
Are you a member of the Communist Party?
On January 8, 1949, Fu Zuoyi sent his close associate Zhou Beifeng and Zhang Dongsun, a professor at Yenching University, to go straight to the destination of the negotiations, and the peace talks were officially launched.
The highest leadership of the North China Battlefield was involved in the decision-making, and soon the two sides reached a preliminary agreement: As long as Fu Zuoyi's troops are all platonized and the areas under their jurisdiction are liberated, peace will be looked forward to again.
Figure丨 Northeast Field Army
But what people did not expect was that at this time, Fu Zuoyi hesitated, and the deadline for signing the agreement had passed, so he sent a third group of negotiators. However, by this time, the People's Liberation Army had already launched an order for a general offensive against Tianjin.
On January 15, 1949, after 29 hours of fierce fighting, our side finally succeeded in liberating Tianjin. At this time, Fu Zuoyi had no more bargaining chips in his hands, and only one Beiping was left.
After all kinds of thinking, Fu Zuoyi ordered: "Invite the representatives of the CCP to come to Beiping!" Deal, just sign it here! ”
On January 19, 1949, Su Jing, chief of the Dongye Operations Staff Of the People's Liberation Army, entered the "North China Suppression General" Friendship Office in Beiping City alone, and formally signed the "Agreement on the Peaceful Settlement of The Settlement of The Problem in Beiping" with Wang Kejun and Cui Zaizhi, the political work department chiefs of the Kuomintang representatives of the "North China Suppression General".
In this agreement:
Detailed stipulations were made on the Kuomintang troops laying down their arms and going out of the city to accept reorganization; the kuomintang and the communists jointly forming a joint office to ensure the smooth takeover of the city; and so on; and so on; and even Fu Zuoyi himself should keep the guard unit.
It can be said that the entire agreement, under the premise of guaranteeing the principle, fully takes into account the issue of the face of the Kuomintang side. It was precisely because of this that the two sides facilitated the full conclusion of the Peiping Peace liberation agreement on January 21, 1949.
Figure 丨 Fu Zuoyi personal photo
According to the content of the agreement, at 10:00 a.m. on January 22, a formal truce and ceasefire was held on the edge of Beiping City, and 25 divisions belonging to the Kuomintang "North China Suppression General" successively drove out of the city to accept the reorganization of the Pingjin Front Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. With the 41st Army of the People's Liberation Army 's Dongye entering the city on January 31 to take over the defense, the Battle of Pingjin officially ended.
Peiping was peacefully liberated, but Fu Zuoyi's heart was still a bit up and down, mainly because although the two sides raised their hands in agreement, in the process of implementation, there were still many personal feelings mixed in, and some of the contents of the agreement were not fully implemented.
For example, in the agreement, fu Zuoyi was originally scheduled to leave a guard regiment, but after the people's liberation army's entrance ceremony, for some reason, their weapons were confiscated; the senior cadres of Fu Zuoyi's department who were captured in the new security and Zhangjiakou battles were originally scheduled to be released, and the responsible persons of the relevant areas refused to carry out the execution on the grounds that the people were extremely indignant...
The occurrence of these things made Fu Zuoyi feel unhappy in his heart, and he could not help but have some doubts about the Communist Party. For this reason, he very much hoped to meet with Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou, President Zhu Laozong and other central leaders in order to release his former suspicions.
The officers and men of Fu Zuoyi's troops arrived at the outskirts of Beiping at the designated time to accept the reorganization
Just at this time, the Shanghai Peace People's Delegation was preparing to go to Xibaipo to meet the leaders of the CPC Central Committee, and Fu Zuoyi saw this as an opportunity. To this end, he put forward his ideas to Ye Jianying, mayor of Beiping City and director of the Military Control Commission.
After Ye Jianying learned of Fu Zuoyi's meaning, he immediately asked the central government.
On February 20, 1949, Chairman Mao, on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, sent a telegram to Ye Jianying: Fu Zuoyi, Deng Baoshan, and others are welcome to come here and talk!
Subsequently, Ye Jianying relayed the decision of the central authorities to Fu Zuoyi, and Fu Zuoyi could be said to have made meticulous preparations for this meeting.
According to Wang Tuo, director of the Communication Department of the Beiping Military Control Commission, he recalled:
Fu Zuoyi came to my office on the evening of February 21 and said: Manager Wang, get me some cigarettes, just bring me a bag," he said, "he brought a square cloth bag on the table.
I asked: Why did you buy so much? Fu Zuoyi said: I am going to see Chairman Mao, and I want to bring him some Hademen cigarettes as a gift.
He paid and left happily.
On the morning of February 22, 1949, Fu Zuoyi and his party boarded a plane to Shijiazhuang at Beiping Airport. At 7 o'clock in the evening, they finally arrived at Xibaipo.
Pictured by Fu Zuoyi and Premier Zhou
As soon as Fu Zuoyi and his entourage arrived, they were warmly welcomed by Premier Zhou and others. After dinner, Chairman Mao and President Zhu came to their residence to visit everyone.
When Chairman Mao met Fu Zuoyi, Fu Zuoyi was still a little nervous in his heart, and his speech was very unnatural. As soon as he saw Chairman Mao, he immediately said, "I am guilty. ”
Chairman Mao said: "You have done a good deed, and the people will not forget you." As soon as Chairman Mao's voice fell, Fu Zuoyi's mental outlook changed and he was no longer so nervous.
In the evening, we also arranged a cultural program in the auditorium to welcome their arrival.
After coming into contact with the central leaders, Fu Zuoyi was impressed by their bosom and remembered his daughter, who had already joined the Communist Party.
In the process of the liberation of Peiping, Fu Zuoyi's daughter Fu Dongju also contributed a lot.
Fu Dongju joined the Communist Party on November 6, 1947, and in order to help us do a good job in fu zuoyi, under the unified arrangement of the City Engineering Department of our North China Bureau, Fu Dongju and his boyfriend were specially transferred to Beiping to work.
Pictured by Fu Zuoyi and daughter Fu Dongju
In the subsequent contacts, Fu Dongju would often talk to her father to understand the development of the current situation and so on. Sometimes, in the process of chatting, Fu Dongju would persuade his father to consider the issue of peace with the Communist Party.
As a general who has been traversing the battlefield for more than ten years, Fu Zuoyi can see at a glance that his daughter is "wrong". However, after all, it was his own daughter, so he did not investigate much, but instead advised: "Be careful of being deceived by people with bad intentions!" ”
In subsequent contacts with the Communists, Fu Zuoyi doubted the identity of his daughter, but did not confirm it. For this reason, during a meal, Fu Zuoyi suddenly asked his daughter: "Dong Ju, are you a member of the Communist Party?" ”
In fact, Fu Zuoyi had already made a judgment in his heart. When his daughter confessed her identity, Fu Zuoyi relaxed her mind and began to sit down with her daughter to talk about peace talks...
When Fu Zuoyi of Xibaipo thought of his daughter, his heart was also very happy.
Fu Zuoyi after the founding of the People's Republic of China
On the morning of February 23, Premier Zhou, in order to dispel Fu Zuoyi's concerns, said: "Mr. Fu put the interests of the people first, so that the Peiping issue can be resolved peacefully, thus avoiding the disaster of war." The people will thank you for this..."
After Fu Zuoyi returned to Beiping from Xibaipo, he conveyed to his subordinates the instructions and concerns of Chairman Mao and other CPC leaders and did a good job in the peaceful reorganization of the troops.
Picture 丨 From left, Zhang Zhizhong, Premier Zhou, Fu Zuoyi, and Qu Wu
In March 1949, two months after the peaceful liberation of Peiping, Chairman Mao specifically solicited Fu Zuoyi's plans for work after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and Fu Zuoyi expressed his desire to engage in water conservancy work.
At the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China on October 1, the Party Central Committee once planned to arrange fu Zuoyi, Cheng Qian, Zhang Zhizhong, Long Yun, and other former senior Kuomintang generals who revolted together as vice chairmen of the National Defense Commission.
However, Chairman Mao had a different idea about this arrangement: "Fu Zuoyi's arrangement is too light, he is a person who has made great contributions, and he must be assigned a minister." ”
When the Central Committee once again solicited Fu Zuoyi's own wishes, he, as always, wanted to work in the Ministry of Water Resources, and wanted to devote himself to water conservancy construction in the second half of his life and do something practical for the country. In this way, the Party Central Committee fully respected Fu Zuoyi's own opinion and appointed him minister of water resources, this year, he was 54 years old.
After Fu Zuoyi became the minister of water resources, he was not arrogant, but was very cautious and modest, paying attention to investigation and research. At the beginning of his term of office, he said to the staff around him: "The task of water conservancy construction in our country is very heavy, and I am still a 'layman' on water conservancy issues." To live up to the people's trust in us, it is impossible to sit in the office alone, but to learn more about the situation, learn from the masses, and strive to do a good job. ”
Figure 丨Fu Zuoyi made a report
Fu Zuoyi worked as Minister of Water Resources for 23 years, until he was approved by the central government in October 1972 due to illness.
Although he left his post, he attached great importance to the development of water conservancy throughout the country and would put forward his own opinions for everyone's reference.
Fu Zuoyi once commented on his work: "I am a person from the old society, and I feel very fortunate and very happy to be able to personally participate in the great socialist construction of our country and to learn from the workers and the peasants with an open mind!" ”
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