When we think of the USSR, what comes to mind? As a former socialist superpower, what kind of country is it, and what does the 1981 Soviet military parade have to do with the gathering of 100,000 troops in North China? We take this series of questions to understand this period of history.
The full name of the USSR is the Socialist Union of soviet republics, which was formed in 1922 by the 15 republics of the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova on the basis of voluntary principles, and the social system is the same as our country, which is a socialist system, and the economic system implements a planned economy. This economic system was once implemented in our country in the fifties and sixties, and the territory of the Soviet Union spanned two continents of Europe and Asia, and was located in eastern Europe and northern and central Asia. The maximum distance from east to west is more than 10,000 kilometers, and the distance from north to south is about 5,000 kilometers. With an area of 22,402,200 square kilometers, it was the largest country in the world at that time. What we are familiar with is that since the founding of the Soviet Union in 1922, after a five-year-long Great Patriotic War from 1939 to 1945, the second world war in the European theater ended with the result of the victory of the Soviet Union and made a great contribution to the second anti-fascist victory. From the end of the Second World War in 1945 to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the socialist camp represented by the Soviet Union and the capitalist camp represented by the United States entered the confrontation situation of the Cold War, and the confrontation between the two superpowers ended with the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 People are familiar with it, such as the US-Soviet hegemony, the Warsaw Pact, the Cuban Missile Crisis, etc. But what we do not know is that on November 30, 1939, the Soviet Union took the initiative to launch a war of aggression against Finland for various reasons, because the border between the Soviet Union and Finland was too close to Leningrad, the second largest city of the Soviet Union, and the Soviet Union unilaterally believed that this geographical location posed a deep threat to the Soviet Union, and launched a war of aggression against Finland under various pretexts, and on March 12, 1940, the Result of the Soviet Union's great price was a crushing victory, which greatly damaged the reputation of the Soviet Union in the international community. It further caused the Soviet Union to be removed from the League of Nations. After this crushing victory, the Soviet Union had planned to recuperate and accumulate national strength.
On June 22, 1941, Germany, headed by Hitler, tore up the Soviet-German non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, and with a pre-drawn "Barbarossa Battle Plan" and combined with German servants to assemble 190 divisions, 3,700 tanks, 4,900 aircraft, as well as 47,000 cannons and 190 warships to launch an attack on the Soviet Union in the form of a three-way military division, and intended to end the battle quickly in the form of a blitzkrieg. Because the Soviet leader Stalin did not make timely judgments on the massive amount of information obtained, the Red Army was gradually defeated at the beginning of the war, losing Leningrad and kiev's second and third largest cities, and in the first week of the defensive war, the German army advanced the front line fifty to sixty kilometers on the territory of the Soviet Union by relying on a surprise attack and superiority in weapons and equipment, and the Soviet Defense Committee did not understand the situation on the front line and did not issue correct operational instructions, which made the soviet situation on the front line deteriorate sharply. This, coupled with a misjudgment of the enemy's main offensive and a lack of preparation before the start of the war, led to the soviet union's early war in which 28 divisions were completely annihilated and 70 divisions lost more than half of their personnel and weapons. According to statistics released by the West after the war, in the first 18 days of the Soviet-German war, the Soviet Union lost 2,000 trains of ammunition, 3,000 artillery, 2,000 aircraft, 1,500 tanks, and 300,000 Soviet Red Army prisoners. In the early stages, it ended in the fiasco of the Soviet Union. Until October into the autumn and winter season, the German army due to the long front line, logistics and other supplies can not be replenished in time, and the Soviet autumn and winter season is quite cold, which is very favorable for soldiers fighting on the Soviet mainland. After Stalin held a military parade on 7 November on the 24th anniversary of the victory of the October Revolution in Red Square, troops went directly from Red Square to the front line to defend Moscow. Under the stubborn resistance of the Red Army and the strong conditions, the Soviet Union reversed the decline of the battlefield and entered the first stage of strategic counteroffensive in December 1941.
From December 1941 to November 1943, after nearly two years of repeated competition between the two sides, the Soviet Union finally entered the stage of strategic counteroffensive, coupled with the assistance of Britain, France and other countries, and gained the initiative on the battlefield. Beginning in 1944, the Soviet Union, through ten strategic offensive operations, recovered all the land it had lost and began to push the front abroad. Through the Hungarian Campaign launched in the spring of 1945, the Battle of vistula-Oder, the Battle of Silesia, and the Battle of East Pomorie, a large number of German forces were eliminated, and finally on May 2, 1945, the Soviet army defeated Germany in Berlin, Germany, and Germany submitted a surrender instrument to britain, France and other countries led by the Soviet Union on May 8, declaring the victory of this five-year-long defensive war and ending the anti-fascist war in the European theater, which also laid the foundation for the Soviet Union to become a superpower in the future. Through the defense war, the Soviet Union in the Second World War to gain more say, from the original in an environmental disadvantage of the ordinary power to grow into the world's second superpower, to know that before world war II, the Soviet Union because of the ideology of Western countries and the Soviet-Finnish war was generally excluded by Western countries, although the military strength is strong but there is no international status, through the defense war, the Soviet Union not only has a leading international status, but also pushed the territory to the west more than three hundred kilometers, casting a huge number of people, This army is not only fierce in battle, but also equipped with tens of thousands of aircraft and tanks, which has become a nightmare for the Western camp. Through a series of international conferences, the Soviet Union again became the leader of the socialist camp.
With the achievements of the Soviet Union on the battlefield and the improvement of its international status in World War II, the rapid development of the Soviet Union seriously damaged the interests of the United States. After the First and Second World Wars, Britain and France lost their global hegemony, the United States as a rising star originally wanted to replace the status of Britain and France, did not expect the rapid rise of the Soviet Union to pose a threat to the United States, the United States believes that the Soviet Union, as the first socialist power, its ideology is not only different from the West, but also in strategic objectives and geopolitics in the complete opposite aspect. So these two allies who fought together in World War II became enemies from their own different national interests. After the end of World War II, the United States formed a capitalist camp dominated by the United States in order to counter the rise of the Soviet Union and the expansion of ideology, and established a NATO military bloc led by the United States. Seeing that the United States was forming gangs, the Soviet Union was not far behind, so in 1955 it established the Warsaw Pact Military Alliance headed by the Soviet Union. The establishment of the Warsaw Pact marked the formal formation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.
In the period from the beginning of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1991, a huge military exercise held by the Soviet Union in 1981 made the Western countries tremble with fear, like a needle in a haystack. From the founding of the Soviet Union in 1922, Stalin came to power until Stalin's death in 1953, and during the 21 years of his reign, the planned economy practiced in the Soviet Union focused its economy on heavy industry, which made the Soviet Union a military power on the same level as the United States. Although leaders such as Khrushchev and Malenkov, who succeeded stalin after Stalin's death, shifted the economic center from heavy industry to science and technology and agriculture, After Bolezhnev took office, he shifted the economic center to heavy industry as in Stalin's time, and launched an arms race with the United States. As soviet military power reached its peak in 1980 and gradually gained the upper hand in the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, as the Soviet Union's military power increased, Soviet leaders realized that the West and the United States-led NATO could be deterred by warnings and deterrence. At the same time, Reagan was elected as the new leader of the United States, and after he took office, he gave a speech saying that he wanted to give the Soviet Union a little color, and when Reagan's speech was known to Brezhnev, he realized that it was time to shine the muscles of the United States and see who was the real boss.
On September 14, 1981, the Soviet Union assembled 500,000 troops for an unprecedented- and near-combat exercise in which the Soviet Union invited military observers from NATO member states, in addition to not inviting the United States, to observe. In this exercise, when the Soviet army began to exercise, its equipment, momentum, and strategic tactics made NATO members dumbfounded. Because the exercise was carried out with NATO as the imaginary enemy attacking, at this time the members of the observation group realized that this was to kill chickens and monkeys, and the most important thing was that the combat effectiveness displayed by the Soviet army in this exercise was like a torrent of steel, unmatched, if this was a real battle, NATO members had no ability to fight back, even with the support of the United States, but the United States and most of the member states were separated by the Atlantic Ocean, if the war broke out, the Soviet side and NATO members had finished fighting in the battlefield, the U.S. fleet was late. As a result, after the exercise began, NATO member states entered a state of first-level combat readiness, fearing that the Soviet exercise would become a real battle. This military exercise completely snuffed out the country with ill intentions against the Soviet Union and greatly shocked NATO.
At the same time that the Soviet Union held military exercises, China will also hold a huge military exercise in North China. After the start of the exercise, there was a lot of speculation in the outside world, believing that China's exercise was mainly aimed at the Soviet Union, because during this period, china and the Soviet Union were tense and were once in a state of tension. However, the fact is that the purpose of china's military exercise is not to target any country, but only because since the founding of New China, although china participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea and the war of counterattack against Vietnam, it was a small-scale war, and the purpose of strengthening the army was to win the war, and for a long time in the era of peace, if the troops did not get experienced in some way, the training in peacetime would be out of touch with reality. That's why it has led to all kinds of speculation from the outside world. In 1991, the Soviet Union, which was once invincible on the world stage, was declared dissolved, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was declared to end, and China gradually moved toward glory through the policy of reform and opening up.